2,295 research outputs found

    Constraints to growth in Malawi

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    This paper applies a growth diagnostics approach to identify the most binding constraints to private-sector growth in Malawi - a small, landlocked country in Southern Africa with one of the lowest per capita incomes in the world. The approach aims to identify the constraints (in terms of public policy, implementation, and investments) most binding on marginal investment, and therefore whose relaxation would have the largest impact on growth through the investment channel. The authors find that growth in Malawi has been primarily driven by the domestic multiplier effect from export revenues. The multiplier effect is particularly pronounced due to the high number of smallholder farmers, which produce Malawi’s main export crop, tobacco, and consequently results in the widespread and rapid transmission of agricultural export income. Furthermore, despite changes in the structure of agricultural production from estate to smallholder farming and liberalization of prices and finance, a longstanding relationship persists between exports in real domestic currency and overall gross domestic product. This central role of exports in creating domestic demand highlights the importance of the real exchange rate in Malawi’s growth story, which directly increases the strength of the export multiplier. The most pressing constraint to growth in Malawi continues to be the regime of exchange rate management. Despite good progress, there is compelling evidence that the rate is still substantially overvalued. Furthermore, it is also likely that the inflow of foreign aid - in excess of 50 percent of exports -contributes to the overvaluation through its large component of recurrent expenditures.Economic Theory&Research,Debt Markets,Emerging Markets,Currencies and Exchange Rates,Access to Finance

    Processing and trafficking of Shiga-like toxin 1 in eukaryotic cells

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    Shiga toxin (ST) and the Escherichia coli Shiga-like toxins (SLTs) are type 11 ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs). All members of this group exhibit specific RNA N-glycosidase activity, the prototype being the plant toxin ricin. ST and the SL Ts are bipartite toxins composed of a catalytic A subunit and a pentamer of cell binding B subunits. These toxins show overall structural similarities to ricin, which is also a bipartite toxin with a catalytic A chain and a single cell binding B chain. The A chains of ST and SL T 1 show homology to ricin A chain, particularly in the active site region, and appear identical in their enzymatic mechanism. The respective B chains however are structurally very different and interact with quite different cellular components. In this study, the role of intracellular proteolytic activation of SLT 1 is addressed using a molecular biological approach. The biological characteristics of several mutant SL Ts has been investigated both in vitro, by addition of exogenous protease, and in vivo by comparing the relative cytotoxicities of mutant and wild type proteins in Vero cells. The intracellular processing of these mutant toxins has also been examined. In parallel, the biological properties of a ricin A chain SL T 1 chimeric protein has been investigated. The ultimate aim of this study was to extend our knowledge of the proteolytic processing requirements of SL T 1 and it has led to the conclusion that proteolytic removal ofthe A2 portion of SL T 1 is not an essential prerequisite for intoxication of Vero cells with SLT 1

    Komplementiniai jungtukai jog ir kad senojoje ir dabartinėje lietuvių kalboje

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    [full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English] This paper focuses on the Lithuanian complementizers kad and jog (“that”), which so far have not received any in-depth analysis, except for some observations made by the authors of the Lithuanian Grammar (1976) or Artūras Judžentis (2009) and Axel Holvoet (2010; 2015). Adopting both synchronic and diachronic perspectives and by applying a corpus-driven methodology, the present study aims to investigate the semantic functional potential of kad and jog as well as their usage and the syntactic contexts that they appear in. The analyzed data set includes both written (i.e., fiction) language and some Old Lithuanian texts from the 16th century (namely, the Postilla by Jonas Bretkūnas (1591) and the Postilla by Mikalojus Daukša (1599)). The analysis shows that the complementizers under consideration are relatively frequent in the old Lithuanian writings, though the complementizer kad is only sporadically used in Jonas Bretkūnas’s Postilla. The conjunction kad in the Postilla by Mikalojus Daukša is most often used in different types of adverbial clauses, including time, purpose and conditional clauses. Jog, in its turn, functions as a complementizer that prototypically appears in propositional complement clauses (in both of the analyzed old texts). When, in the Daukša’s Postilla, the conjunction kad appears in complement clauses, it may take on both types (i.e., propositional as well as state-of-affairs) of complement clauses. In contemporary Lithuanian, kad has changed its functional profile and, like the complementizer jog, is most often associated with complementation strategies; i.e., it is found in propositional and state-of-affairs complement clauses. Besides, kad is more polyfunctional than jog: it can be found in insubordinate clauses and function as a discourse or an optative marker.[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba] Straipsnyje analizuojama jungtukų jog ir kad vartosena Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos tekstyno grožinės literatūros patekstynyje ir Mikalojaus Daukšos Postilėje bei Jono Bretkūno Postilėje, tiriami jungtukų vartosenos panašumai ir skirtumai. Nagrinėjamų jungtukų semantinės ir sintaksinės funkcijos apibendrintai aptartos Lietuvių kalbos gramatikoje (LKG III 1976), Lietuvių kalbos gramatikos darbuose (Holvoet, Judžentis, red., 2003), kai kuriuose Artūro Judženčio (2009) ir Axelio Holvoeto (2010, 2015) straipsniuose, tačiau išsamesnės jungtukų jog ir kad analizės, paremtos statistiniais duomenimis, kol kas nėra. Be to, aptariant jungtuką jog senojoje lietuvių kalboje, daugiausia gilintasi į jo vartoseną priežasties arba tikslo sakiniuose, tačiau visapusiškai funkciniu požiūriu jog nėra tirtas. Tad straipsnio tikslas – ištirti jungtukų jog ir kad funkcijas bei vartojimo polinkius dabartinėje lietuvių kalboje ir pasirinktuose senuosiuose lietuvių kalbos raštuose: aptarti sintaksinius kontekstus, kuriuose randami analizuojami jungtukai, nustatyti komplementinių predikatų, prisijungiančių sakinius su jog ir kad, semantinius tipus, nustatyti sąsają su nuosakos kategorija, pateikti statistinius jog ir kad funkcijų duomenis. Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos tekstyno medžiaga rodo, kad jungtukai jog ir kad koreliuoja su komplementine sakinių jungimo strategija. Vis dėlto jungtuko kad sintaksiniai kontekstai įvairesni negu jungtuko jog: pastarasis apibrėžtas komplementinių sakinių kontekstais, o kad gana produktyviai vartojamas ir adverbialiniuose sakiniuose; be to, kad insubordinacijos atvejais funkcionuoja kaip diskurso arba valios (optatyvinis) žymiklis. Tirtuose senuosiuose tekstuose jungtukas jog koreliuoja su komplementine strategija, o jungtukas kad – su adverbialine. Kai kad pasirodo komplementiniuose sakiniuose, jis gali prisijungti ir propozicinio, ir dalykų padėties tipo komplementinius sakinius; jungtuko jog atveju dominuoja propozicinio tipo komplementacija

    Safety Consultation & Inspection: Reporting on a Manufacturing Facility

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    Safety Consultation & Inspection: Reporting on a Manufacturing Facility Holly Scammon, Nicholas Nieves, Lea Mahoney, Nelson Pusquin-Nieves, Alberto Carrillo Background: In October of 2021, a safety consultation and inspection were conducted within a manufacturing facility in the Daytona Beach area. The inspection was conducted by a group of students pursuing their Master of Science in Occupational Safety Management from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. The inspection began via a conversation with the facility’s safety manager and a senior employee. The group initially discussed the current state of the workplace, the policies and procedures in place for the different operations, and a serious violation the company was in the process of abating. As the conversation progressed it became apparent there were minimal written policies and training provided to employees. Following the discussion, an inspection was conducted using a checklist derived from similar industries and a review of top violations in those industries in 2021. Approach: Investigations into similar industries were conducted prior to the inspection of the facility to help identify key areas of interest. Furthermore, company history was investigated to determine if there were any active or past OSHA violations or citations. The finalized inspection checklist highlighted key areas of interest including lockout-tagout procedures, respiratory protection, hazard communication, machine guarding, and powered industrial trucks. Results: The facility was found to be non-compliant with multiple OSHA regulations listed in the 1910 standard. Further recommendations were made to the management staff regarding the integration of a Safety Management System (SMS) for the safety and wellbeing of their workers. Conclusions: The group provided the facility’s management staff with recommendations pertaining to the correction of identified hazards around the workplace. The final report also included suggestions regarding the implementation of an SMS at the facility. The management team\u27s willingness to change and implement those recommendations was positive, with relatively strong responsiveness to the final report submitted. The inspection team recommended a follow-up inspection be completed within the year to assess changes made by the management staff based on the safety consultation and inspection

    The glacial geomorphology of upper Godthåbsfjord (Nuup Kangerlua) in south-west Greenland

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    © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group on behalf of Journal of Maps. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is known to have experienced widespread retreat over the last century. Information on outlet glacier dynamics, prior to this, are limited due to both a lack of observations and a paucity of mapped or mappable deglacial evidence which restricts our understanding of centennial to millennial timescale dynamics of the GrIS. Here we present glacial geomorphological mapping, for upper Godthåbsfjord, covering 5800 km 2 at a scale of 1:92,000, using a combination of ASTER GDEM V2, a medium-resolution DEM (error < 10 m horizontal and < 6 m vertical accuracy), panchromatic orthophotographs and ground truthing. This work provides a detailed geomorphological assessment for the area, compiled as a single map, comprising of moraines, meltwater channels, streamlined bedrock, sediment lineations, ice-dammed lakes, trimlines, terraces, gullied sediment and marine limits. Whilst some of the landforms have been previously identified, the new information presented here improves our understanding of ice margin behaviour and can be used for future numerical modelling and landform dating programmes. Data also form the basis for palaeoglaciological reconstructions and contribute towards understanding of the centennial to millennial timescale record of this sector of the GrIS.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

    Coffee Collaborators Creating Care- IPTI Reflection

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    Poster documenting collaborative case reflection among students in the Occupational Therapy, Physician Assistant, Osteopathic Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, Dental Hygiene, and Social Work fields.https://dune.une.edu/cecespring2020/1007/thumbnail.jp
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