Las preces hispánicas : puesta al día y novedades

Actualización del status quaestionis en torno a las preces hispánicas, conjunto de 180 piezas rítmicas propias de la antigua liturgia hispánica, cara a una futura nueva edición crítica de las mismas. El artículo se detiene en las siguientes cuestiones: la tradición manuscrita, la tradición dentro de la liturgia, las circunstancias de su composición, su carácter popular, los esquemas prosódicos y su pervivencia en la poesía vernácula, y la fortuna de las piezas desde su composición hasta su plasmación definitiva en el Breviario de Ortiz. Concluye el artículo con un ejemplo de crítica textual sobre un pasaje corrompido durante la transmisión

Cara Deum Suboles, Magnum Iouis Incrementum: On Virgil’s Fourth Eclogue in the Hispanic Linguistic Domain

La Bucólica iv de Virgilio felicita a Polión, cónsul del año 40 a. C., por la llegada de un hijo, en los nuevos tiempos que vive Roma, en términos tan elevados que la Edad Media la vio como profecía cristiana. El poeta invierte la decadencia de las edades y anuncia la esperanza en una nueva edad mejor, augurada para la criatura: incrementum. El término, en su grandeza expresiva, no se aparta de la lengua común, y sobre ella actúa, con resultados romances populares, como en gallego encrentiño ‘niño pequeñito’. El pasaje, además, puede traerse a colación en el asunto cronológico de la era consular y la era hispánica.In his fourth Eclogue Virgil congratulates Pollio, Consul in the year 40 BC, on the birth of his son, in the midst of the modern times Rome is experiencing. Virgil does so in such lofty terms that the Middle Ages read the passage as a prophecy of Christ. The poet turns the decadence of the age on its head and announces his hopes for a new and better time, ushered in for the benefit of the new–born infant: incrementum. This term, in its expressive grandeur, does not depart from common language, and in fact influences it, as witnessed by popular Romance–language derivates, such as the Galician encrentiño, ‘little child’. This passage, moreover, can be pertinent in the study of Consular and Hispanic chronologies.Humanidade

(Al)ligamina [al)ligámina]: legaña; ¿*moramina: maraña?

Para legaña, antes lagaña, de origen dado por desconocido y tal vez prerromano, se propone transparente etimología latina: un neutro plural alligamina (‘ataduras’, ‘ligaduras’), posible préstamo del gallego al castellano: antiguo (1606) «lios o leios, la legaña»

¿Cómo ha abordado la literatura de la empresa familiar su heterogeneidad a través de sistemas de clasificación? : un análisis integrado

ABSTRACT. Extant literature recognizes both family business heterogeneity and the need to identify relevant definitional criteria to distinguish family firms, leading to the emergence of typologies, taxonomies and classification schemes. This paper presents a comprehensive review of existing classifications, which we the compare with the core conceptual elements embedded in 258 family business definitions. Our analyses enables an identification of the characteristics of the entities being classified, and then we proceed to reflect on their usefulness and effectiveness for classifying family firms. Based on the integrated analysis, we then propose some recommendations and future research lines in order to develop a workable classification of family firms.RESUMEN. La literatura sobre empresa familiar está poniendo un énfasis creciente en la heterogeneidad de las mismas y en la necesidad de identificar los criterios más adecuados para clasificarlas en tipologías o taxonomías. El presente artículo realiza una exhaustiva revisión de las clasificaciones identificadas en la literatura. Igualmente, analiza con métodos bibliométricos 258 definiciones de empresa familiar identificadas en la literatura para identificar las características más relevantes de una empresa para ser considerada familiar. La comparación de los criterios de clasificación empleados con los elementos más relevantes de las definiciones permite analizar la utilidad y efectividad de los sistemas de clasificación identificados. A partir de este análisis comparativo se proponen una serie de recomendaciones y futuras líneas de investigación que permitan avanzar en la elaboración de sistemas de clasificación de las empresas familiares relevantes y operativos

High-temperature mechanical behavior of polycrystalline yttrium-doped barium cerate perovskite

The high-temperature mechanical properties of the mixed ionic-electronic conductor perovskite BaCe0.95Y0.05O3-δ with average grain size of 0.40μm have been studied in compression between 1100 and 1300°C in air at different initial strain rates. The true stress-true strain curves display an initial stress drop, followed by an extended steady-state stage. As the temperature decreases and/or the strain rate increases, there is a transition to a damage-tolerant strain-softening stage and eventually to catastrophic failure. Analysis of mechanical and microstructural data revealed that grain boundary sliding is the primary deformation mechanism. The strength drop has been correlated with the growth of ultrafine grains during deformation, already present at grain boundaries and triple grain junctions in the as-fabricated material.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación MAT2009-13979-C03-0

Knowledge, Renewal and Flexibility: Exploratory Research in Family Firms

This study aims to explore how family firms pursue strategies that promote strategic flexibility and knowledge-management (KM) practices to respond to strategic-renewal goals. Specifically, based on a knowledge-based view of the firm, the following research question is proposed: Are there heterogeneous groups of family firms in terms of knowledge management, strategic flexibility and strategic renewal goals? To answer this question, an exploratory study using a two-step cluster analysis is developed. It reveals natural groupings from a sample of 288 small and medium-sized Spanish family enterprises (SMEs). The results obtained identified three distinctive clusters of family firms, namely proactive family firms, transitional or adaptive family firms, and rigid family firms. After two-step cluster analysis, we also conducted analysis of variance (ANOVA) to confirm that significant di erences amongst the three clusters exist. After heterogeneity been confirmed, a further profile of the cluster solution was provided by using CEO and board characteristics, as well as the generational stage of the company. The findings offer some counterbalance for those studies that tend to study family businesses as a homogeneous entity, thus permitting researchers to access more information, providing rich explanations for renewal managerial decision-making purposes in family firm contexts

Hydro-physical responses of gypseous and non-gypseous soils to livestock grazing in a semi-arid region of NE Spain

20 Pag., 4 Figs., 1 Tabl. The definitive version is available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03783774Pasture productivity depends on soil hydro-physical properties, which in turn are deeply affected by livestock grazing. However, the comparative response of different soil types, and particularly gypseous soil types, to grazing has hardly been studied before. This paper compares the effect of grazing on the soil hydro-physical properties of silty gypseous (Gy) and non-gypseous (NGy) soils located in a semi-arid region (Middle Ebro Valley, NE, Spain). Two different soil managements were selected: ungrazed natural shrubland (N) and grazed shrubland (GR) soils. The gypsum, CaCO3 and organic matter content (OM), soil texture, soil bulk density ( b), penetration resistance (PR), saturated sorptivity (S), hydraulic conductivity (K), and the water retention curve (WRC) for undisturbed soil samples from 1 to 10 cm depth soil layer were measured. The b and PR in NGy soils were significantly higher than those observed in the Gy ones. Soil compaction due to grazing treatment tended to increase b and decrease the K and S values. While no differences in PR were observed in the Gy soils between grazing treatments, the PR measured in the NGy soils under GR was significantly higher than the corresponding values observed under N. Differences in K and S between GR and N treatments were only significant (p < 0.05) in NGy soils, where K and S values under the N treatment were almost four times greater than the corresponding values measured under GR. Overall, no differences in the WRCs were observed between soil types and grazing treatments. While the WRCs of NGy soils were not significantly affected by the grazing treatment, Gy soils under N treatment present a significantly higher level of soil macropores than under GR treatment. The hydro-physical features of Gy soils tended to be less affected by grazing than those of the NGy soils. These results suggest that livestock grazing, in both Gy and NGy soils, has a negative effect on the physical soil properties, which should be taken into account by land managers of these semi-arid regions where silty gypseous and non-gypseous areas coexist.This research was supported by Aragón regional government and La Caixa (Grants: GA-LC020/2010; GA-LC-010/2008) and the CSIC (Grant: PIE-200930I145).Peer reviewe

Human resource management and environment management systems: an empirical study

The present study focuses on understanding and measuring the effect that the implementation of an ISO 14001 environmental management system (EMS) has on human resource (HR) management in a company. The paper proposes and applies a measurement instrument to test the hypotheses derived from the theoretical framework established by Daily & Huang (2001) as well as from the ISO 14001 standards. Data collection was carried out by mailing a survey to the person responsible for environmental affairs of businesses with an ISO 14001 EMS implemented, or in the advanced stages of being implemented, in one autonomous region of Spain. Both reliability analysis and factor analysis, if necessary, were performed for the scales used. The results obtained indicate that the HR factors act as predicted by the hypotheses, except in the case of rewards. Finally, the present study provides empirical evidence in order to test and extend the model proposed by Daily & Huang