Saksofon u orkestralnim partiturama istaknutih europskih skladatelja prve polovice 20. stoljeća

Ovaj diplomski rad sagledava problematiku percepcije saksofona kao orkestralnog instrumenta. Cilj je približiti kolegama izvođačima (studentima) i skladateljima uvid u orkestralni repertoar uz detaljniju analizu nekoliko saksofonskih sola iz partitura istaknutih skladatelja prve polovice 20. stoljeća. Veća pažnja posvećena je djelima Bartoka, Milhauda, Šostakoviča, Berga i Rahmanjinova, čiji se notni zapisi i analize nalaze u trećem poglavlju rada. Izdvojena sola razlikuju se po stilu, glazbenoj vrsti (balet, opera, simfonijsko djelo) i koriste različite članove porodice saksofona (sopran, alt, tenor, bariton). Iz analize su namjerno izostavljene vjerojatno najpoznatije dionice tog vremena: Ravelov Bolero (i Slike s izložbe) te Gershwinova Rapsodija u plavom; kao i Debussyeva Rapsodija, koju je detaljno obradio kolega Lovro Livajić u svom diplomskom radu. Glavno postavljeno pitanje je kako su skladatelji tretirali saksofon te zašto ga jesu (ili nisu) koristili. Moramo se upitati i koliko je saksofon prisutan u kompozicijama za orkestar hrvatskih skladatelja. U dodacima se nalazi cijeli popis velikog broja saksofonističkih orkestarskih sola iz knjige The Orchestral Saxophonist, Brucea Ronkina i Roberta Frascottia, kao i popis nekih skladbi hrvatskih autora. KLJUČNE RIJEČI: • SaksofonThis graduate thesis analyzes problem of perceiving saxophone as an orchestral instrument. The main goal is to offer our colleague performers (students) and composers a closer look into orchestral repertoar, as well as analyses of a few saxophone solos from scores composed by eminent composers of the first half of 20th century. Greater accent was made to Bartok's, Milhaud's, Shostakovich's, Berg's and Rachmaninoff's compositions, whose notation examples and analyses are presented in Chapter three. Referred solos differ each other by style, type (ballet, opera, symphony) and instruments which are used (soprano, alto, tenor, bariton). Probably the most recognizable parts of this period, Ravel's Bolero (and Pictures at an Exhibition) were deliberately taken out of this thesis, as well as Debussy's Rhapsodie, due to Lovro Livajić's graduate thesis on this theme. The main intention of the thesis was to gain a deeper understanding how the composers of that period of time had treated saxophone, and why they did (or did not) use it in orchestration. Also, the question is, whether saxophone is present in Croatian orchestral music. Additionaly, it has been listed a great number of orchestral compositions with saxophone part from the book The Orchestral Saxophonist by Bruce Ronkin and Robert Frascotti. KEY WORDS: • Saxophon

Saksofon u orkestralnim partiturama istaknutih europskih skladatelja prve polovice 20. stoljeća

Ovaj diplomski rad sagledava problematiku percepcije saksofona kao orkestralnog instrumenta. Cilj je približiti kolegama izvođačima (studentima) i skladateljima uvid u orkestralni repertoar uz detaljniju analizu nekoliko saksofonskih sola iz partitura istaknutih skladatelja prve polovice 20. stoljeća. Veća pažnja posvećena je djelima Bartoka, Milhauda, Šostakoviča, Berga i Rahmanjinova, čiji se notni zapisi i analize nalaze u trećem poglavlju rada. Izdvojena sola razlikuju se po stilu, glazbenoj vrsti (balet, opera, simfonijsko djelo) i koriste različite članove porodice saksofona (sopran, alt, tenor, bariton). Iz analize su namjerno izostavljene vjerojatno najpoznatije dionice tog vremena: Ravelov Bolero (i Slike s izložbe) te Gershwinova Rapsodija u plavom; kao i Debussyeva Rapsodija, koju je detaljno obradio kolega Lovro Livajić u svom diplomskom radu. Glavno postavljeno pitanje je kako su skladatelji tretirali saksofon te zašto ga jesu (ili nisu) koristili. Moramo se upitati i koliko je saksofon prisutan u kompozicijama za orkestar hrvatskih skladatelja. U dodacima se nalazi cijeli popis velikog broja saksofonističkih orkestarskih sola iz knjige The Orchestral Saxophonist, Brucea Ronkina i Roberta Frascottia, kao i popis nekih skladbi hrvatskih autora. KLJUČNE RIJEČI: • SaksofonThis graduate thesis analyzes problem of perceiving saxophone as an orchestral instrument. The main goal is to offer our colleague performers (students) and composers a closer look into orchestral repertoar, as well as analyses of a few saxophone solos from scores composed by eminent composers of the first half of 20th century. Greater accent was made to Bartok's, Milhaud's, Shostakovich's, Berg's and Rachmaninoff's compositions, whose notation examples and analyses are presented in Chapter three. Referred solos differ each other by style, type (ballet, opera, symphony) and instruments which are used (soprano, alto, tenor, bariton). Probably the most recognizable parts of this period, Ravel's Bolero (and Pictures at an Exhibition) were deliberately taken out of this thesis, as well as Debussy's Rhapsodie, due to Lovro Livajić's graduate thesis on this theme. The main intention of the thesis was to gain a deeper understanding how the composers of that period of time had treated saxophone, and why they did (or did not) use it in orchestration. Also, the question is, whether saxophone is present in Croatian orchestral music. Additionaly, it has been listed a great number of orchestral compositions with saxophone part from the book The Orchestral Saxophonist by Bruce Ronkin and Robert Frascotti. KEY WORDS: • Saxophon

Expression of the Hedgehog signaling pathway proteins in human placentas

. Cilj istraživanja Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti ekspresiju ključnih proteina Hedgehog signalnog puta, PTCH1 i GLI3, koji su važni regulatori rasta i razvoja ploda. Njihova ekspresija uspoređivana je u posteljicama sa zastojem u rastu ploda (IUGR) i u terminskim posteljicama zdravih trudnoća. 8.2. Nacrt studije Preparati su pripremljeni primjenom klasične histološke tehnike, nakon koje je slijedilo imunohistokemijsko bojenje. Proteini PTCH1 i GLI3 obilježeni su anti-PTCH1 i anti-GLI3 protutijelima, a korišten je En VisionTM postupak. Proteinska izraženost kvantificirana je stereološkom metodom. 8.3. Ispitanici i metode Istraživanje je provedeno na humanim posteljicama rodilja porođenih u KB-u Merkur. Analizirano je 15 terminskih posteljica iz zdravih trudnoća bez komplikacija i 15 terminskih posteljica s patologijom usporenog rasta (IUGR). Za obradu uzoraka korištene su sljedeće metode histološke obrade preparata: imunohistokemija, stereologija, Studentov t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitneyjev i Kruskal-Walisovtest. 8.4. Rezultati Ekspresija proteina PTCH1 i GLI3 značajno je pojačana u posteljicama kod terminskog intrauterinog zastoja u rastu (IUGR), u odnosu na tkivo posteljica iz trudnoća bez komplikacija (kontrolna skupina) (p<0,0001; Mann-Whitneyjev test). Također, ekspresija GLI3 proteina u terminskim IUGR posteljicama i u kontrolnim zdravim posteljicama statistički je značajno jača od ekspresije proteina PTCH1 u istima. Dobiveni rezultati u skladu su s rezultatima sličnih istraživanja prikazanima u literaturi.. 8.5. Zaključak Ekspresija PTCH1 i GLI3 proteina u IUGR posteljicama značajno je veća u odnosu na posteljice zdravih terminskih trudnoća.Objectives The aim of this study was to explore the expression of the Hedgehog signalling pathway proteins, PTCH1 and GLI3, which are important regulators of foetal growth and development. We compared their expression in human placentas with IUGR and term placentas of heathy pregnancies. 9.2. Study design Firstly, we processed the samples histologically and then with immunohistochemical methods. PTCH1 and GLI3 proteins were marked with anti-PTCH1 and anti-GLI3 antibodies, then we used En VisionTM procedure. Protein expression was quantified using thestereological method. 9.3. Participants and methods Research was done on human placentas of women who had given birth at Merkur Clinical Hospital. We analysed 15 term placentas from heathy pregnancies without complications and 15 term placentas with IUGR pathology. We treated samples with following methods: immunohistochemistry, stereology, then analysed them using Student's t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Walis's tests. 9.4. Results Expression of PTCH1 and GLI3 proteins was significantly increased in term placentas with IUGR in relation to controls (placenta tissues from pregnancy without complications) (p<0.0001; Mann-Whitney test). Also, GLI3 expression in term IUGR placentas and in control healthy placentas were statistically significantly increased in regard to PTCH1 expression. Results obtained are in accordance with those from other researches where negative regulators of trophoblast invasion (like PTCH1 and GLI3) were also increased in IUGR placentas. 9.5. Conclusion PTCH1 and GLI3 protein expression in IUGR placentas are significantly increased in comparis on to their expression in term placentas of heathy pregnancies

A klíma változása kimutatható az Országos Erdőállomány Adattár klíma-kategóriáiban

Az erdőrészletek klíma szerinti besorolása az Országos Erdőállomány Adattárban (OEA) kimutathatóan megválto-zott az 1997-2006 és 2007-2016 periódusok között. A klímabesorolás változásait 1 hektár felbontású szabályos rácsháló pontjaiban vizsgáltuk, ami lehetővé tette a klímakategóriák országos szintű összehasonlítását és a két periódus között észlelhető változások részletes leírását annak ellenére, hogy az OEA-ban az erdőrészletek a két időpontban nem teljes körűen feleltethetőek meg egymásnak. A rácsháló alkalmazása statisztikailag is könnyeb-ben kezelhető eredményeket ad.Eredményeink azt mutatják, hogy a klíma-besorolás 10 év alatt az erdőterület 5,4%-án változott meg, és a klíma-kategóriák eloszlása az OEA 2006-ra és 2016-ra vonatkozó statisztikai állapotai között szignifikánsan különbözik. E szerint a klímaváltozás tetten érhető az igazgatási nyilvántartásban is. A változás gyorsnak mondható, az el-mozdulások iránya pedig a jövőre nézve figyelmeztető, mivel azok általában kedvezőtlenek.A 2006-ban még erdő, de 2016-ra eltűnt, már nem-erdő rácspontok 44%-a az erdőssztyepp klímába tartozott, azaz e klíma-kategóriába tartozó faállományok nagyobb eséllyel szűnnek meg. Ugyanakkor az újonnan létrehozott erdőterületek legnagyobb része is erdőssztyepp (37%) vagy cseres ill. kocsánytalan-tölgyes (34%) klímában jött létre, tehát az új erdőket is száraz körülmények között létesítettük

The Re-parametrization of the DAS Model Based on 2016-2021 Data of the National Forestry Database: New Results on Cutting Age Distributions = A DAS modell újra paraméterezése az Országos Erdőállomány Adattár 2016-2021 közötti adatainak alapján: a vágáskor eloszlásokra vonatkozó új eredmények

This paper presents the DAS forest model (Distributions Applied on Stands model), a forest stand-based model suitable for projecting standing volume, increment, harvest, and carbon sequestration on the stand, regional, or country levels. The forest subcompartment is the modelling unit of the DAS model, which uses National Forestry Database (NFD) data, including geospatial data. The model is suitable for further processing spatially explicit input parameters such as climate change forecasts. The model output is also georeferenced and can be further processed using GIS software. The model handles the data of approximately 600,000 forest subcompartments. Data on tree species, origin, age, growing stock, increment etc. of each subcompartment are stored in “tree-species rows”, which are the sub-units of the model. The DAS model simultaneously processes the data of 1.2 million tree species rows and describes their development in time. It uses parameters based on the actual processes of the reference period. It also uses empiric cutting age distributions and a regeneration matrix derived from historic NFD data. The ForestLab project (TKP2021-NKTA-43) is currently engaged in the re-parametrization of the model based on 2016–2021 data. This study discusses the functions of the harvesting ratio distribution in the modelling process and in determining the subcompartments selected for harvest. The paper presents the latest results regarding the 2016–2021 cutting age distributions and the preparation of the new set of species-specific and yield class-specific average harvesting ratio distributions. Cikkünkben bemutatjuk a DAS modellt (Distributions Applied on Stands model), mely egy erdőrészlet alapú erdőállomány prognózis modell, amely alkalmas az élőfakészlet, a növedék, a kitermelt elő- és véghasználati fatérfogat és a szénmegkötés előrejelzésére erdőrészlet szinten, valamint regionális és országos szinten is. A modell az Országos Erdőállomány Adattár adatait használja. Alkalmas térben explicit input-paraméterek fogadására (pl. klímaváltozási előrejelzések) és az eredmények térképi megjelenítésre is, így azok térinformatikai szoftverekkel feldolgozhatóak. A modell kb. 600 ezer erdőrészlet és 1,2 millió fafajsor adatait kezeli. A szabályzó paramétersorok a referencia-időszak ténylegesen tapasztalt folyamatain alapulnak: a modellben valós vágáskor-eloszlások és valós felújítási viszonyok működnek, azaz a modell historikus adatokból levezetett véghasználati- és felújítási mátrixokat használ. A modell újra paraméterezése a 2016-2021 időszak historikus adatainak felhasználásával jelenleg zajlik az ErdőLab projekt (TKP2021-NKTA-43) keretében. Cikkünkben ismertetjük a véghasználati hozami terület arányok eloszlásának funkcióját a modellezési folyamatban és a véghasználatra kerülő terület meghatározásában. Emellett bemutatjuk a 2016-2021-es időszak vágáskor eloszlásaira vonatkozó legfrissebb vizsgálatunkat, és a modell újra paraméterezéséhez használt új fafaj- és fatermési osztály specifikus véghasználati mátrixok előállítása során elvégzett munkát

The first prospective injury audit of league of Ireland footballers.

Objectives Football has the highest sports participation (10.6%) in Ireland ahead of its Gaelic counterpart (3.9%). Research into injury incidence and patterns in Irish football is non-existent. The aim of this study was to conduct a prospective injury audit of league of Ireland (semi-professional) footballers during the 2014 season (8 months; 28 games). Methods A total of 140 semi-professional league of Ireland footballers were prospectively followed between March and November 2014. Data was collected in accordance with the international consensus on football injury epidemiology. Results The injury rate was 9.2/1000 h exposure to football (95% CI 6.2 to 12.9, P<0.05). Players were at a higher risk of injury during a match compared with training (23.1 (95% CI 15.2 to 31.3) vs. 4.8 (95% CI 2.2 to 7.7)/1000 h, P<0.05). Injuries were most common during non-contact activity (54.6%), mainly running (30.9%) and occurred almost 3 times more often in the second half (56% vs. 21%, P<05). Strains (50.1%) and sprains (20.3%) were the most common injury type and the thigh region was injured most often (28.3%). Conclusions The prevalence of injury in league of Ireland football is similar to that of European professional football although the incidence of injury is higher. The incidence of injury is in line with that of Dutch amateur football

Using Ecological Modelling Tools to Inform Policy Makers of Potential Changes in Crop Distribution: An Example with Cacao Crops in Latin America

International audienceSpecies distribution models (SDM) is a powerful simulation tool that has become widely used in the ecological and agronomical sciences. The use of easily available presence data, global downscaled climate layers and software that can run on desktop computer has contributed to their popularity. The most used application is based on maximum entropy models that fit presence data to a series of environmental descriptors. SDM can be used to predict crop distribution under future conditions but the level of uncertainty of those models can be very high. The best use of these models is to be used as generators of hypothesis to be combined with other type of analysis