Circulating markers of ageing and allostatic load: a slow train coming

Dealing with the growing burden of age-related morbidities is one of the greatest challenges facing modern society. How we age across the lifecourse and how psychosocial and lifestyle factors interplay with the biology of ageing remains to be fully elucidated. Sensitive and specific biomarkers with which to interrogate the biology of the ageing process are sparse. Recent evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs are key determinants of such processes and that these can be used as potential circulatory bio-markers of ageing. They may also provide a mechanism which mediates the spread of allostatic load across the body over time, ultimately reflecting the immunological health and physiological status of tissues and organs. The interplay between exosomal microRNAs and ageing processes is still relatively unexplored, although circulating microRNAs have been linked to the regulation of a range of physiological and pathological processes and offer insight into mechanistic determinants of healthspan

Asymptotics of orthogonal polynomials and point perturbation on the unit circle

In the first five sections, we deal with the class of probability measures with asymptotically periodic Verblunsky coefficients of p-type bounded variation. The goal is to investigate the perturbation of the Verblunsky coefficients when we add a pure point to a gap of the essential spectrum. For the asymptotically constant case, we give an asymptotic formula for the orthonormal polynomials in the gap, prove that the perturbation term converges and show the limit explicitly. Furthermore, we prove that the perturbation is of bounded variation. Then we generalize the method to the asymptotically periodic case and prove similar results. In the last two sections, we show that the bounded variation condition can be removed if a certain symmetry condition is satisfied. Finally, we consider the special case when the Verblunsky coefficients are real with the rate of convergence being c_n . We prove that the rate of convergence of the perturbation is in fact O(c_n). In particular, the special case c_n = 1/n will serve as a counterexample to the possibility that the convergence of the perturbed Verblunsky coefficients should be exponentially fast when a point is added to a gap.Comment: Published in the Journal of Approximation Theor

Fabry disease: a new model of premature aging?

No abstract available

Convergence of solutions of PSL(2,R)-recurrences with parabolic limit

Analysis and Stochastic

Decomposition of matrix sequences

Analysis and Stochastic

Intradialytic Aerobic Exercise in the United Arab Emirates: a Descriptive Study

Aim: Intradialytic exercise (IDE) improves hyperphosphatemia management in hemodialysis (HD) patient in addition to other clinical outcomes. The aim of the study is to present the strategies needed to integrate such a protocol in an HD unit in UAE and patients’ baseline characteristics.Methods: The largest HD unit in Sharjah emirate was chosen. All eligible patients (n=57) in the unit were included. Patients were stable adults HD patients who served as their own controls. The intervention included an aerobic low intensity IDE of 45 minutes per HD session, tailored to each patient’s fitness scale (BORG scale) for 6 months. Patients were educated on the importance of exercise. Outcome measures were barriers to exercise, serum phosphorus (P), urea reduction ratio (URR), malnutrition inflammation score, quality of life (QOL using euroqol5) collected at baseline and post intervention.Results: A total of 41 patients completed the study, 61% were males; 90.2%, 53.7% and 14.6% suffered from hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease respectively. Hypherphosphatemia was prevalent among 75% of the patients with a mean of 5.76 ± 1.66 mg/dl. Mean age was 48 ± 14.37 years, BMI 24.98 ± 6.09 kg/m2, URR 71.88 ± 8.52%, and Kt/v 1.32 ± 1.09. The main barrier to exercise was identified to be fatigue on HD days by 58.5% of patients, followed by fear of getting hurt (36.6%). Finally, 80.4% of patients were mildly malnourished and QOL scale was 65.02% ± 18.54. Conclusion: Our study highlighted the widespread of hyperphosphatemia and malnutrition in our sample. The IDE regimen, if proven effective in future studies, could be integrated in the routine practice and may improve patients’ outcomes. 

Attitudes and Barriers to Physical Activity in Hemodialysis Patients: Could Intradialytic Exercise Modify These Factors?

Introduction: This study pioneers in determining the impact of Intradialytic Exercise (IDE) on attitudes and barriers to Physical Activity (PA) in Hemodialysis (HD) patients in the United Arab Emirates, a non-western country with different cultural backgrounds. Subjects and Methods: Forty-one adult HD patients from Al-Qassimi Hospital were recruited for a quasi-experimental intervention with pre-post evaluation. IDE patients trained for 45 minutes per HD session, 2-3 times per week, for 6 months on a static bicycle. Exercise intensity was assessed using the Borg Scale. Participants were educated on the importance of exercise. Results: 30 patients completed the study. The percentage of patients exercising was higher post intervention, but dropped to baseline at the follow up period. At post intervention and follow-up, patient’s knowledge about the benefits and safety of exercise increased, with some patients facing no barrier to PA at the end of the study (p=0.05). There was a significant increase in patients endorsing the “too many medical problems” barrier, and a significant decrease in patients endorsing the “can’t afford to exercise” barrier. Nephrologists and nurses acknowledge the importance of exercise in HD patients, but the former do not prescribe it. Conclusions: Aerobic IDE and knowledge empowerment programs could help HD patients increase their knowledge about exercise benefits and safety and shed some barriers to exercise, although patients appear to easily fall back into their normal habits. Even after an IDE program was adopted in the unit, the medical team is still concerned about the risks of exercise in HD patients

Convergence properties of linear recurrence sequences

Analysis and Stochastic

Yielding ability of potato crops as influenced by temperature and daylength

Today, potato is grown commercially in almost all climates of the world, except in tropical lowlands. The highest tuber yields are obtained in areas with temperate climates in North western Europe and the North-West of the United States. In tropical and subtropical climates tuber yields are lower and less stable. To determine if this is due to the lack of adaptation of potato to the conditions prevailing in the tropics, the effect of climate on potential yield was examined. The study presented in this thesis explored the potential and attainable yields of potato. It aimed to determine and quantify the effect of climate on potential tuber dry matter production and to assess the genetic variation in the sensitivity for this climate. Potential dry matter production in potato is governed by the genetic characteristics of a cultivar and the climatic factors, radiation, temperature and daylength. Hitherto, research into the effect of temperature and daylength on the potato crop has been done in two types of studies. The tuber yield was either correlated directly with these climate factors, or separate processes in the plant were related to temperature and daylength.The general introduction demonstrates that to understand the behaviour of the crop and the variation in tuber yields, the crop and its relations with the environment must be studied as an integrated system. The subsequent chapters describe a study in which experimental data are incorporated into a simulation model. In the experiments the relations of the individual crop characteristics to temperature and daylength were obtained and the model was used to calculate the consequences of variation in daylength and temperature for tuber dry matter production. First a series of models constructed in the Netherlands was tested with weather data from a series of years in Scotland (Chapter 2). There appeared to be no difference in the ability of the models to simulate tuber dry matter production after reparameterization. It was easier to parameterize for simple models than complex models because the latter included more crop processes.To improve the model's general applicability, the key processes determining tuber dry matter production had to be identified. In all previous models, dry matter allocation was driven by a temperature-dependent development. This was an oversimplification for the purposes of this study and therefore a new relation describing dry matter allocation had to be developed. It was hypothesized that dry matter allocation is governed by a dominant tuber sink and that this dry matter allocation determines the earliness and thus the yielding ability of a potato crop. This hypothesis was confirmed in a series of experiments on early and late cultivars in the Netherlands (Chapter 3). The difference in dry matter allocation between cultivars however, was only partly explained by the differences in dry matter production. Leaf longevity also played a role in explaining earliness and yielding ability.To assess the effect of temperature, daylength and radiation on yield formation in potato, field trials were carried out in Rwanda (2 altitudes), Tunisia (Spring, Autumn and Winter) and the Netherlands. To study the interaction between environment and genotype, eight cultivars differing in earliness when grown in the Netherlands were planted. Total dry matter production and tuber yields were analysed in terms of light interception and light use efficiency. Variation in total and tuber dry matter production was mainly explained by the differences in light interception. Light interception was divided into average light intensity, length of the growing period and in maximum proportion of light intercepted. The light use efficiency was found to be inversely related to an increased radiation intensity. Variation in length of the growing season was the most important factor explaining the differences in total light interception. Shorter days at emergence and higher temperatures throughout the season resulted in a shorter growth cycle. The extent of the response differed between cultivars and was mainly explained in terms of duration of ground cover.To quantify the relation between tuber yield and the climatic factors; (temperature, daylength and radiation) the growth cycle of the potato crop was divided into three phases (Chapters 5). By relating the length of each phase to temperature, daylength and radiation, the influence of these factors on crop growth and development processes was determined. The variation in the length of all three phases contributed to the variation in the duration of the growth cycle and thus to the variation in tuber yield. Both higher temperatures and shorter daylengths hastened the development in the phase between emergence and tuber initiation, and the degree of the change depended on the cultivar. In the second phase, from start of tuber growth to end of leaf growth, temperature and daylength had similar effects but these were less than in phase 1. The last phase, from end of leaf growth to end of crop growth was shortened by high temperatures and high radiation. The shift in sink priorities between tubers and leaves in phase 1 affected phases 2 and 3, so part of the variation in these phases could be explained from the variation in phase 1. The information obtained in the experiments was combined with data from literature to obtain a complete overview of temperature and daylength reactions to the various growth and developmental processes. These relations were introduced in the simulation model developed in chapter 3. The model (LINTUL-POTATO described in Chapter 6) was used to explore different climate and temperature situations for a standard potato cultivar.Integrating the effects of temperature and daylength of the separate processes resulted in simulated tuber dry matter production levels that were agreeing with those reported in the literature. It is shown that as daylength increases, potato can tolerate a broader range of temperatures. In chapter 7 the model is verified against the set of experiments used to build the model and validated against independent data. The model explains the differences in observed tuber dry matter production between locations by incorporating the effects of temperature and daylength. The differences between cultivars were smaller than the differences between location and therefore explained less well. The values observed in experiments carried out in climates that were most suitable for potato production were simulated better than those from experiments carried out in less suitable conditions.Finally the yielding ability of a potato crop for a range of climates between the equator and 60°N was evaluated. The potential total dry matter production, potential tuber dry matter production and the ideotype were determined for each climate. The potential total dry matter was dependent on the length of the growing season. Tuber dry matter production was dependent on the length of the growing season and the length of the growth cycle: tuber yields were restricted when the growing season was too short to fit the growth cycle or when tuber initiation was too early and the conditions favoured tuber growth at the expense of leaf growth. In chapter 8 the advantages of the approach and the application of systems analysis in breeding and introduction of new cultivars are discussed. Combining observations at the process level with the explanatory capacity of the simulation model reveals how tuber dry matter production is affected by the climatic factors temperature, daylength and radiation. Temperature and daylength together affected the development before tuber initiation; further development was affected by temperature only. Radiation was found to influence growth rate only. Integrating the effects revealed that especially the period between emergence and tuber initiation were determinative for further growth and development of the crop. This insight can be used to design ideotypes in breeding, to improve the efficiency of selection procedures and to analyse yield gaps in potato production

Inflammation and premature aging in advanced chronic kidney disease

Systemic inflammation in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is an established risk factor for mortality and a catalyst for other complications which are related to a premature aging phenotype, including muscle wasting, vascular calcification and other forms of premature vascular disease, depression, osteoporosis and frailty. Uremic inflammation is also mechanistically related to mechanisms involved in the aging process, such as telomere shortening, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered nutrient sensing, which can have direct effect on cellular and tissue function. In addition to uremia-specific causes such as abnormalities in the phosphate- Klotho axis, there are remarkable similarities between the pathophysiology of uremic inflammation and so-called "inflammaging" in the general population. Potentially relevant, but still somewhat unexplored in this respect are abnormal or misplaced protein structures as well as abnormalities in tissue homeostasis, which evoke danger signals through damage associated molecular patters (DAMPS) as well as the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Systemic inflammation, in combination with the loss of kidney function, can impair the resilience of the body to external and internal stressors by reduced functional and structural tissue reserve, and by impairing normal organ crosstalk, thus providing an explanation for the greatly increased risk of homeostatic breakdown in this population. In this review, the relation between uremic inflammation and a premature aging phenotype, as well as potential causes and consequences are discussed