The impact of conversion to ecological recycling agriculture (ERA) on farm nitrogen budgets and production levels

The data used in this study is collected under BERAS Implementation project from ERA-farms in Finland in 2010 to 2012 (three years averages) and from three different production lines on ERA farms: beef, egg and milk.The data indicates the production level, the products sold and feed and other supplements purchased on the farm each year. Accordingly it has been calculated A) how much area B) how much other inputs (e.g. nitrogen and phosphorus) is needed to maintain the production level. Based on these calculations it makes possible to estimate how much of these nutrients are recycledon the farm, how much of the used nitrogen is based on biological nitrogen fixation and how much non-renewable resources have been needed. This makes it possible to calculate the output-input ratio of nitrogen

The Price of change - Replacing Stavudine with Tenofovir in first-line in scaling up settings

2008 Mexican AIDS Conferenc

Tourists’ experiences with service providers while on holidays in Croatia

Travellers’ emotions and feelings as a result of inhospitable experiences with service providers have received limited research interest. The current study sought to address this gap by exploring and classifying travellers’ perceptions about inhospitable experiences while holidaying and considering the role of perceived injustice in the elicitation of divergence of emotions following the inhospitable encounter. The research undertaken spanned a period of two years – two peak summer periods in Croatia and was based on qualitative data gathered by way of interviewing both domestic and international travellers about their experiences with service staff while on holidays in Croatia. Of the 200 people interviewed, all but 34 (17%) had something negative to report, and 90 (45%) of the respondents were clearly very annoyed and upset about some of the encounters they had with Croatia’s service providers. The interview question was, “Can you describe your experiences with service providers while on holidays [in Croatia – for overseas visitors]?” The analysis of the findings revealed that both domestic and international tourists’ perceived emotions and injustices were predictive of the type of inhospitality received. With a better understanding of the nature and causes of the negative emotions experienced by the travellers as a result of inhospitable encounter, it should be possible to implement appropriate recovery systems that are designed to reverse the affects of inhospitable encounters

The Invisible Power of MacHines Revisiting the Proposed Flash Order Ban in the Wake of the Flash Crash

Technological innovation continues to make trading and markets more efficient, generally benefitting market participants and the investing public. But flash trading, a practice that evolved from high-frequency trading, benefits only a select few sophisticated traders and institutions with the resources necessary to view and respond to flashed orders. This practice undermines the basic principles of fairness and transparency in securities regulation, exacerbates information asymmetries and harms investor confidence. This iBrief revisits the Securities and Exchange Commission\u27s proposed ban on the controversial practice of flash trading and urges the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to implement the ban across the securities and futures markets. Banning flash trading will not impact high-frequency trading or other advantageous innovative trading practices, and will benefit all market participants by making prices and liquidity more transparent. In the wake of the May 6, 2010 flash crash and the passage of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, now is an opportune time for the Securities and Exchange Commission and Commodity Futures Trading Commission to implement the ban

A closer look at travellers' infections abroad : Finnish nationwide data with incidences, 2010 to 2012

Background: Although infections represent the most common health problem of travellers abroad, data on morbidity and incidences of various infections are scarce. Method: Data on infections of Finnish travellers during 2010-2012 were retrieved from the database of SOS International, an assistance organization covering 95% of Finns requiring aid abroad. The study included 30,086 cases. For incidence calculation, the data were linked to the numbers of Finns visiting these regions during the same period as recorded by the Official Statistics of Finland. Results: The incidence of infections was particularly high in Africa, southern Europe plus the eastern Mediterranean, and Asia plus Oceania. The most frequent diagnoses were acute gastroenteritis (38.0%) and respiratory-tract infections (RTI) (34.5%), followed by infections of the ear (12.6%), skin or subcutaneous tissue (5.1%), urogenital tract (4.2%), eye (3.1%), and systemic febrile infections (2.2%). Vaccinepreventable diseases (VPD) accounted for 0.8% of cases, with varicella as most (49%) and influenza as second-most (27%) common. Conclusions: Incidence of infections was higher in southern than in eastern and western Europe. Gastroenteritis and RTI proved the most frequent diagnoses, whereas systemic febrile infections were uncommon. Despite pre-travel immunizations, VPDs still occurred; pre-travel consultation should cover both varicella and influenza. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Effects of mixed pulp mill sludges on crop yields and quality

There is a great need for sustainable fertilisers and soil amendments, as current fertilisation practices negatively affect the environment. Pulp mill sludges (PMS) could provide a means to replace fertilisers made using non-renewable resources while adding slowly decomposing organic material to the soil and utilising nutrients from the forest industry. This study tested the effects of composted and lime-stabilised mixed PMS (CPMS and LPMS) on wheat (Triticum aestivum) yields and residual effect on oat (Avena sativa) yields in the boreal region. A two-year field experiment included two CPMS and two LPMS treatments all with additional mineral fertilisation, a mineral fertiliser treatment, and a zero-control treatment. All the fertilisers increased yields. There were no differences in crop yields between CPMS, LPMS and mineral fertiliser treatments. However, some quality characteristics and nitrogen (N) uptake were lower with all or some PMS compared with mineral fertilisation. This result suggests that part of the mineral fertilisation for cereals could be replaced by using PMS, but more information on N mineralisation from sludges is needed.peerReviewe

Boliglån: fungerer frarådningsplikten etter sin hensikt?

Hovedformålet med utredningen er å undersøke hvorvidt frarådningsplikten ved utgivelse av boliglån overholdes. Utredningen tar også tak i hvordan fraråding praktiseres, og sammenligner tre banker av ulik størrelse; en liten, en mellomstor og en stor. Det ble til sammen intervjuet seks rådgivere, det vil si to rådgivere fra hver bank. I intervjuene ble det blant annet stilt spørsmål i forhold til rådgivningsprosessen, rådgivernes rolle og frarådning. Utredningen deles inn i fem deler. Den første delen omhandler introduksjon til tema og utredningens begrensninger. Del to presenterer teori som er relevant i forhold til rådgivningsprosessen, samt faktorer på kundens side og faktorer på rådgivers side som kan være med å forklare nærmere om forholdene rundt frarådningsplikten. I del tre presenteres den kvalitative metoden som er anvendt. Her forklares grunnlaget for valg av metode, utvalg, datainnsamling og dataanalyse. Del fire omhandler selve analysen av den innsamlede dataen og her får man et bedre innblikk i hva rådgiverne faktisk har svart i intervjuene. Del fem er den avsluttende delen, hvor det oppsummeres og gis konklusjoner i forhold til de innsamlede dataene. I tillegg gis det forslag til videre forskning. Det avdekkes at rådgivningsprosessen er en kompleks prosess, med mange innspillende faktorer. Det viser seg også at det er variasjon i hvordan frarådningsplikten faktisk praktiseres. Det drøftes også nærmere hvorvidt frarådningsplikten fungerer etter sin hensikt; om den beskytter forbrukerne

Ring closure reactions of bicyclic prolinol and prolin ester enantiomers

Starting from the of bicyclic proline ester, ethyl exo-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3-carboxylate (+)-5 several hydantoines and thiohydantoines were prepared by acidic ring closure of the corresponding urea or thiourea derivatives. Enantiomer (-)-5 was reduced to 2-azanorbornylmethanol 12, which was transformed to 5,8-methanooxazolo- and thiazolo[3,4-a] pyridine derivatives. The structures, stereochemistry and relative configurations of the synthesized compounds were proved by NMR