27 research outputs found
Kank attenuates actin remodeling by preventing interaction between IRSp53 and Rac1
In this study, insulin receptor substrate (IRS) p53 is identified as a binding
partner for Kank, a kidney ankyrin repeat–containing protein that
functions to suppress cell proliferation and regulate the actin cytoskeleton.
Kank specifically inhibits the binding of IRSp53 with active Rac1
(Rac1G12V) but not Cdc42 (cdc42G12V) and thus inhibits the
IRSp53-dependent development of lamellipodia without affecting the formation of
filopodia. Knockdown (KD) of Kank by RNA interference results in increased
lamellipodial development, whereas KD of both Kank and IRSp53 has little effect.
Moreover, insulin-induced membrane ruffling is inhibited by overexpression of
Kank. Kank also suppresses integrin-dependent cell spreading and IRSp53-induced
neurite outgrowth. Our results demonstrate that Kank negatively regulates the
formation of lamellipodia by inhibiting the interaction between Rac1 and
IRSp53
Defining Terms Used for Animals Working in Support Roles for People with Support Needs
The nomenclature used to describe animals working in roles supporting people can be confusing. The same term may be used to describe different roles, or two terms may mean the same thing. This confusion is evident among researchers, practitioners, and end users. Because certain animal roles are provided with legal protections and/or government-funding support in some jurisdictions, it is necessary to clearly define the existing terms to avoid confusion. The aim of this paper is to provide operationalized definitions for nine terms, which would be useful in many world regions: “assistance animal”, “companion animal”, “educational/school support animal”, “emotional support animal”, “facility animal”, “service animal”, “skilled companion animal”, “therapy animal”, and “visiting/visitation animal”. At the International Society for Anthrozoology (ISAZ) conferences in 2018 and 2020, over 100 delegates participated in workshops to define these terms, many of whom co-authored this paper. Through an iterative process, we have defined the nine terms and explained how they differ from each other. We recommend phasing out two terms (i.e., “skilled companion animal” and “service animal”) due to overlap with other terms that could potentially exacerbate confusion. The implications for several regions of the world are discussed
Effect of Childhood Disease on Hospital Presentation: A Survey of Pediatricians
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