Bibliografía básica sobre las Naciones Unidas en lengua española.

Sin resume

The dream of concrete. Developing the ideal

[EN] Architecture made in concrete has been revealing its own characteristics due to the qualities of the material and its unique place in construction, which has been quite clear throughout history, even above the styles, dominating theories or current design concerns.  This possible independence places it in a different sphere, that should be approached from its material reality, as a method that contributes new information, knowledge, and design possibilities. This paper deals with laying the foundations for this new approach where the material wants to be aware if its own potential so that the architectural projects can benefit from it. Due to its ability to change, it is difficult to understand the nature of concrete: it could be strictly humble, be the central focus or a mix of both; yet we consider it to be another fact to develop the ideal and although production disguises and disperses it, in essence it helps to strengthen this final desire. The aim is to establish an extracted ideal of its extensive qualities. To do this, a temporal process is identified, not chronological but deductive, where each line of reasoning is supported by the previous one in order to reach the final thesis, the origin of new research. [ES] La arquitectura de hormigón ha ido desvelando características propias debido a las cualidades del material y su singular puesta en obra, que han quedado más o menos patentes a lo largo de la historia, por encima incluso de los estilos, teorías dominantes o inquietudes proyectuales del momento. Esa posible independencia las sitúa en una órbita distinta, que debe ser mirada desde su realidad material, como método que aporte nuevos datos, conocimientos y posibilidades proyectuales. Este escrito trata de sentar las bases para esa nueva mirada, donde el material quiere ser consciente de su potencial para que el proyecto de arquitectura se pueda beneficiar de ellas. Por su capacidad mutante es difícil abarcar la naturaleza del hormigón: puede ser plenamente servil, plenamente protagonista o una mezcla; pero consideramos que es otro dato más para definir la formación del ideal, y aunque mucha producción lo camufle y lo disperse, en el fondo, ayuda a reforzar más claramente ese deseo final. La intención es establecer un ideal entresacado de sus más amplias cualidades. Para ello se establece un proceso temporal, no cronológico sino deductivo, donde cada tiempo argumental se apoya en el anterior para llegar a la tesis final, origen de nuevas investigaciones.Ramos Abengózar, JA.; Moreno Hernández, Á. (2021). El sueño del hormigón. La formación del ideal. EN BLANCO. Revista de Arquitectura. 13(30):90-100. https://doi.org/10.4995/eb.2021.13960OJS901001330Álvarez Palacios, Gorka and Sáez Bravo, Eduardo. Hormigón Ligero, aspectos técnicos y estéticos. Valencia: CEMEX, 2012.Banham, Reyner. "The Glass Paradise." In A Critic Writes: Essays by Reyner Banham, selected by Mary Banham, Paul Barker, Sutherland Lyall and Cedric Price, 32-38. Berkley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 1996.Cage, John. "Conferencia sobre algo." In Silencio, 128-146. Madrid: Árdora editions, 2012.Cohen, Jean-Louis. Vida y Obra de Le Corbusier. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili S.L., 2018.Fisac, Miguel. Carta a mis sobrinos. Ciudad Real: Lampreave and Millán Ed., 2007.García Lorca, Federico. "Imaginación, inspiración, evasión." In Obra completa, vol. VI, Prose 1, 279-282. Madrid: Akal editions, 1994.Oteiza, Jorge. "Oteiza: Fragmentos 1988-1991," extract of interview, audiovisual edition by Ion Intxaustegi, video, 12:47, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VzbZJdWqIa8Ramos Abengózar, José Antonio. Del abismo al infinito. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires: Diseño, 2015.Rothko, Mark. "El Espacio en la Pintura." En Escritos sobre Arte 1934-1969, 166-167. Barcelona: Paidos Estética 41, 2007.Rykwert, Joseph. La casa de Adán en el Paraíso. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili, 1974.Salazar, Brian, Parham Aghdasi, Ian D. Williams, Claudia P. Ostertag, Hayden K. Taylor. "Polymer lattice-reinforcement for enhancing ductility of concrete." Materials and Design, no. 196 (2020): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109184.Simonnet, Cyrille. Hormigón, historia de un material. Donostia-San Sebastián: Nerea, 2009.Szymborska Wislawa. "Conversación con una piedra." En Paisaje con grano de arena, 35-37. Barcelona: Lumen, 2005.Vitruvio, Marco Lucio. Los diez libros de arquitectura. Translated by Agustín Blánquez. Barcelona: Iberia, 1970

Cronología de la transición en la Europa del Este (1985 - 1992)

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Análisis del juego de ataque en balonmano femenino

.- This study focuses on the specific organization of the attacking strategies in women's handball. In particular, we explore the specific weight of the two possible modalities of attack: positional and counterattack. To do so, during the 2008/2009 season, we have analyzed through a systematic observation methodology, direct and non-participant, the matches of a team that plays in the First Division of Women's Handball. To determine the rates of effectiveness, we have studied more than 2000 attacks and 900 throws on goal. Statistical analysis revealed that counterattack is more effective than positional play, and that it has a closer relationship with victory.Este estudio examinó la específica organización del juego de ataque en balonmano femenino. En concreto, hemos explorando el peso específico de los dos posibles tipos de ataque: posicional y contraataque. Para ello, hemos analizado los partidos de un mismo equipo de División de Honor Femenina durante la temporada 2008/2009 mediante metodología de la observación sistemática, directa y no participante. Hemos estudiado más de 2000 jugadas de ataque y 900 lanzamientos a portería, determinando de esta manera los índices de efectividad. El análisis estadístico reveló que existe una mayor eficacia del contraataque frente al juego posicional, además de una mayor relación con la victoria final

Reducción de la huella de carbono en las ciudades mexicanas. Enfoque urbano-arquitectónico.

El presente libro tiene por objeto coadyuvar en la adaptación y mitigación ante el cambio climático, derivado de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, a las ciudades mexicanas desde un enfoque urbano-arquitectónico, mediante la reducción de la huella de carbono, para revertir las tendencias de impactos negativos, desde la planeación y diseño, hasta la construcción y mantenimiento de la infraestructura de las grandes ciudades, es decir, en todo su ciclo de vida.Para adentrarnos en las páginas de este libro, hagamos un poco de contexto: el cambio climático es uno de los principales retos que enfrenta la humanidad en la actualidad, pues trae implicaciones que rebasan al ambiente, ya que sus efectos actuales y pronosticados incluyen consecuencias sociales, económicas y políticas, que determinarán, en buena parte, las características y condiciones del desarrollo humano en el presente siglo. La preocupación por el cambio climático siempre es motivo de discusión, sobre todo en el punto de desarrollo de herramientas tecnológicas y financieras para disminuir las emisiones de Gases de Efecto Invernadero (en adelante GEI) generadas por las actividades antropogénicas; aunque el cambio climático es un proceso natural, la contribución de las actividades antropogénicas representan, sin duda, un detonante y acelerador de éstas (Ferraro y Zulaica, 2013).Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic

Betaxanthin-Rich Extract from Cactus Pear Fruits as Yellow Water-Soluble Colorant with Potential Application in Foods

Cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) fruit juice is a source of betaxanthin pigments which can be used as a natural yellow food colorant. The HPLC chromatographic pigment pattern corresponding to the betaxanthin-rich extract revealed the presence of four betaxanthins, of which indicaxanthin (proline-betaxanthin) accounts for around 85%. A betaxanthin-rich water-soluble food colorant from cactus pears fruits was produced by spray-drying microencapsulation using maltodextrin as a wall material. The resulting powder was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and its apparent color was analyzed by spectrometry. The stability of the microcapsules was examined at +20, +4 and −20 °C in the dark during six months of storage. The degradation of betaxanthins was delayed by microencapsulation and their colorant stability increased at lower temperatures. The potential application of the colorant microcapsules was successfully assessed in two food model systems: a yogurt and a soft-drink. Both foods presented an attractive pale yellow color. Pigment retention and color parameters were investigated during storage under controlled conditions. Slight changes in the pigment retention, in both model systems, pointed to excellent preservation in the dark, even after 28 days at 4 °C. However, the presence of light contributed to betaxanthin deterioration. Spray-drying microencapsulation succeeds in reducing volumen of the pigment extract and can be easy in storage and delivery of the powders. It is proved to be a suitable process that can be recommended for stabilizing betaxanthins from cactus pears to be used as water-soluble natural colorants in foods.This research is part of the QUIMYTEC R&D group. Authors greatly acknowledge the financial 16 support provided by Fundación Séneca (project 08702PI08)

European regional policy: Analysis of the management reports of structural funds 2000-2006

El presente trabajo realiza un estudio de las debilidades/errores detectados por el Tribunal de Cuentas Europeo (TCE) en los informes presentados, durante el periodo de financiación 2000-2006, por quince países de la Unión Europea, relativos a la gestión económico-financiera de los Fondos Estructurales. El objetivo de nuestro estudio se centra en exponer y analizar el número y la naturaleza de los errores/debilidades cometidos por los Estados miembros, realizando\ud un estudio con técnicas estadísticas univariantes y multivariantes, aplicando un modelo de elección tipo probit y una estimación por mínimos cuadrados. Entre otras conclusiones, este análisis pone de manifiesto que la nueva Reglamentación ha tenido un efecto desigual sobre los distintos países, y que el volumen de errores/debilidades detectados en los informes de los Estados miembros está en relación\ud con el volumen de recursos recibidos por los países miembros para cada Fondo Estructural.The present work endeavours to carry out a study of the weaknesses/\ud errors detected by the European Court of Auditors (ECA) in the reports presented by 15 European countries on the economic and financial management of Structural Funds in the period ranging from 2000 to 2006. The aim of our study is focused on the description and analysis of the number and nature of the errors/weaknesses

Porous Titanium for Biomedical Applications: Evaluation of the Conventional Powder Metallurgy Frontier and Space-Holder Technique

Titanium and its alloys are reference materials in biomedical applications because of their desirable properties. However, one of the most important concerns in long-term prostheses is bone resorption as a result of the stress-shielding phenomena. Development of porous titanium for implants with a low Young’s modulus has accomplished increasing scientific and technological attention. The aim of this study is to evaluate the viability, industrial implementation and potential technology transfer of different powder-metallurgy techniques to obtain porous titanium with stiffness values similar to that exhibited by cortical bone. Porous samples of commercial pure titanium grade-4 were obtained by following both conventional powder metallurgy (PM) and space-holder technique. The conventional PM frontier (Loose-Sintering) was evaluated. Additionally, the technical feasibility of two different space holders (NH4HCO3 and NaCl) was investigated. The microstructural and mechanical properties were assessed. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of titanium porous structures with porosities of 40% were studied by Finite Element Method (FEM) and compared with the experimental results. Some important findings are: (i) the optimal parameters for processing routes used to obtain low Young’s modulus values, retaining suitable mechanical strength; (ii) better mechanical response was obtained by using NH4HCO3 as space holder; and (iii) Ti matrix hardening when the interconnected porosity was 36–45% of total porosity. Finally, the advantages and limitations of the PM techniques employed, towards an industrial implementation, were discussed.Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain Grant MAT2015-71284-PJunta de Andalucía Grant P12-TEP-1401Comisión Nacional de Investigación, Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT) of the Chilean government project FONDECYT 1116086

Who does what the cardiologist recommends? Psychosocial markers of unhealthy behavior in coronary disease patients

Patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease should follow lifestyle recommendations that can reduce their cardiovascular risk (e.g., avoid smoking). However, some patients fail to follow these recommendations and engage in unhealthy behavior. With the aim to identify psychosocial factors that characterize patients at high risk of repeated cardiovascular events, we investigated the relationship between social support, mental health (coping, self-esteem, and perceived stress), and unhealthy behavior. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 419 patients recently diagnosed with coronary heart disease (myocardial infarction or angina) who participated in the National Health Survey in Spain (2018). Unhealthy behaviors were defined according to the European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention. Only 1% of patients reported no unhealthy behaviors, with 11% reporting one, 40% two, 35% three, and 13% four or more unhealthy behaviors. In multiple regression controlling for demographic and traditional risk factors, mental health was the only significant psychosocial factor, doubling the odds of accumulated unhealthy behaviors, OR(high vs. low) = 2.03, 95% CI [1.14, 3.64]. Mental health was especially strongly related to unhealthy behavior among patients with obesity, OR(high vs. low) = 3.50, 95% CI [1.49, 8.45]. The relationship between mental health and unhealthy behaviors suggests that a large proportion of patients may not adhere to lifestyle recommendations not because they purposefully choose to do so, but because they lack coping skills to maintain the recommended healthy behaviors. Low mental well-being may be especially detrimental for behavior change of patients with obesity.Dafina Petrova is supported by a Juan de la Cierva Fellowship (FJCI-2016-28279) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript