Pretest of images for the beauty dimension

In this work, we present norms concerning the perceived association of two sets of image stimuli with the concept of “beauty”: 40 objects (Study 1) and 40 photos of human faces (Study 2). Participants were presented with a set of words associated with the construct of “beauty” and were subsequently asked to judge each image on how much they considered them to be related with this construct on a 7-point scale (1 - Not at all related; 7 - Very related). The interpretation of means’ confidence intervals distinguish between 40 images, evaluated as “ugly” – with low scores on the beauty dimension - (20 objects and 20 faces), and 28 images evaluated as “beautiful” – with high scores on the beauty dimension - (12 objects and 16 faces). Results are summarized and photos made available to support future research requiring beauty and/or ugly stimulus.

Pretest of images associated with the expertise dimension

In this paper we present norms concerning the perceived association that two sets of stimuli (photos of people and photos of objects) establish with the concept of expertise[1]. Participants were presented with a set of words associated to the expertise dimension and subsequently asked to judge each stimulus on how much it was related with the expertise dimension on a 7-point scale (1 - Not at all related; 7 - Very related). The interpretation of means’ confidence intervals allowed us to distinguish between images highly related with the expertise dimension and images highly unrelated with this dimension.  Summarized results are presented and photos made available to support future research requiring stimuli associated with the expertise dimension. [1] The images pretested in this work are available in the archive of the psychology lab of ISPA-Instituto Universitário. Email: [email protected]

Confidence in the eye of the beholder : the influence of physical attractiveness on attitude confidence

Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Psicologia na área de especialização de Psicologia Social apresentada no ISPA - Instituto Universitário no ano de 2020.Physical attractiveness of a source influences attitudes regarding the attitudinal topic covered in a message. The present thesis aims to test if this attribute is also capable of influencing confidence on attitudes, i.e., the perceived amount of certainty on attitudes towards a topic. We review the literature suggesting the multiplicity of effects of this attribute on attitudes and attitude change, as it is with other persuasive variables, and built on the relevance to approach the influence on attitude confidence. Recent research suggest that judgments of confidence are sensitive to influence from the context, such as the influence of attributes of the source of a message. As it is with attitudes, we test if attitude confidence is sensitive to corrections processes based on the perceived relevance of the source of the message. In this thesis, we test if the influence of physical attractiveness might be dependent on the perception of this attribute as an unwanted source of bias. We start by approaching its impact, as a feature of the source of a message, on judgments of attitude confidence, and build on its relevance as a feature of the recipient of a message. In the first set of studies we demonstrated that the presence of an attractive source, when unrelated with the content of the message, decreases attitude confidence. We show that when asked to report attitude confidence, people seem to correct for the potential influence of physical attractiveness with consequential impact to attitude strength outcomes. In the second set of studies we clarified the role of perceiving the message as contradictory to individuals’ attitudes for the emergence of our effects. Finally, the third set of studies conceptualize the role of physical attractiveness as a self-evaluation from the recipient of the message. We show that this self-evaluation is informative to judgments of attitude confidence, providing an addition mechanism in which physical attractiveness in determining judgments of attitude confidence. We discuss how our findings integrate and expand what was previously known about the influence of physical attractiveness. We highlight the importance of studying features capable of decreasing attitude confidence, regardless of the influence on attitude change

Asking simultaneously about truth and familiarity may disrupt truth effects

Tell me something that sounds familiar and I will believe it to be true. This is a statement that we should believe because it summarizes a well-documented and empirically supported effect: the illusion of truth effect (see Dechêne, Stahl, Hansen, & Wänke, 2010 for a review). The fact is we are more likely to believe a statement if we have been previously exposed to it (e.g., Bacon, 1979; Hasher, Goldstein, & Toppino, 1977). Repetition increases truth-value generating the illusion that repeated statements are more valid than information we never heard or read before. A general assumption of the explanations of the truth effect is that the subjective experience of processing a familiar statement is interpreted as informing about the validity of the statement (see Dechêne et al, 2010). This implies that a process of misattribution underlies repetition’s effect on judgments of truth (e.g., Bornstein & D’Agostino, 1994; Mandler, Nakamura, & Van Zandt, 1987; Schwarz, & Clore, 1983). In this paper we present an experiment that tests such misattribution process by making more or less explicit the real source of the feeling of familiarity with statements. In this way we test whether illusions of truth decrease when it is clear (vs. unclear) that familiarity is due to previous exposure

“A beleza é a melhor carta de recomendação” : Associação da beleza com julgamentos de credibilidade a um nível implícito e explícito

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto UniversitárioCom o objectivo de demonstrar que a associação entre a beleza e a positividade reflecte uma crença de que uma fonte atractiva associa-se à dimensão de credibilidade, reflectindo uma heurística que apenas se processa a um nível implícito, procedeu-se à realização de uma medida implícita (Stroop) e uma explicita que manipulassem a atractividade e a sua relação com palavras de credibilidade e com palavras não relacionadas com credibilidade. Construi-se também uma tarefa que acedesse às atitudes dos sujeitos relativamente à qualidade de produtos. Os dados sugerem que os sujeitos associam a atractividade com credibilidade quer implicitamente quer explicitamente e que não realizam o oposto para faces não atractivas. Os dados demonstram também que implicitamente os sujeitos adoptam respostas com base na valência das palavras, sendo porém no caso de fontes atractivas também influenciados por este tipo de fonte. Explicitamente os sujeitos continuam a ser influenciados pela valência, associando mais palavras positivas a qualquer uma das fontes. Para além disso parece haver indícios que os sujeitos são influenciados por esta manipulação de estímulos nas suas atitudes, ao classificarem produtos, com maior qualidade quando associados a faces atractivas e menor quando associados a faces não atractivas. Assim os sujeitos utilizam a atractividade como um “atalho” podendo servir como heurística, associando a beleza não só a características mais positivas mas à própria dimensão de credibilidade, quer implicitamente quer explicitamente. Porém os dados sugerem que esta crença não é bidireccional, pois os sujeitos não realizam o oposto para faces não atractivas.ABSTRACT: This research try to demonstrate that the relation between beauty and positivity reflects the belief that an attractive source links with credibility, and that reflect a heuristic, but only at and implicit level. For that it was built an implicit (Stroop) and explicit measure that manipulate this variable and its relation to credibility words and non-credibility words. It was also build a task to access the subject’s attitudes toward the quality of different products. Throughout the analysis that was developed, the data suggest that subjects associated attractiveness with credibility either implicitly or explicitly and do not perform the opposite sides to a non attractive faces on both tasks. The data also show that subjects are influenced implicitly by the valence of words, but also, in the case of attractive source, are influenced by that kind of face. Explicitly, the subjects continued to be influenced by the valence of the word, by associating more positive words with any kind of faces. It was also clear that the subjects are also influenced in their attitudes by this manipulation of the stimulus classifying products, with higher quality when they are related to an attractive face than when they are not. Therefore is possible infer that the subjects use attractiveness as a shortcut that can work as a heuristic, by associating beauty with more positive features and with de credibility dimension, either implicitly or explicitly. However the data suggest that this relation isn’t bidirectional, because the subjects didn’t demonstrate the opposite effect for non attractive faces

ACOLHIMENTO DO ENFERMEIRO ÀS PESSOAS VIVENDO COM HIV NO ÂMBITO DAS UNIDADES BÁSICAS DE SAÚDE

The decentralization of the assistance to people living with HIV is vital for the Basic Health Unit, for its treatment's support and improvement of conditions regarding health as well as the nurse, who in this scenario, has an important part thought the consultation with a qualified approach. The research had the objective to investigate how the PVHIV is dealt with by nurses from the UBS, identify characteristics of the demand of PVHIV at the town's Basic Health Unit research camp and describe how the reception is done regarding the PVHIV by the professional nurses from Basic Health Unit. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, whose project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UNIFASE under Opinion 5.351.703. The data acquisition was done by a remote way, through recorded interviews, and the selected were transcripted and categorized. The results gave evidence that factors like absence of fast tests as a strategy for diagnosis access, the lack of bond between the user and the basic attention teams and the fact that, as soon as they receive the serology reacting to HIV, users get directly sent from to the reference units, making that there is no demand of PVHIV at the Basic Health Unit. It was also evidenced that the reception of PVHIV by the professional nurses of Basic Health Unit ends up not happening because still, there are no, the decentralization of assistance, and the carefulness of PVHIV is not a daily reality at the Basic Health Unit.La descentralización de la atención a las personas que viven con VIH (PVVIH) a las unidades básicas de salud es fundamental para el tratamiento y la mejora de sus condiciones de vida y salud y la enfermera, en este escenario, juega un papel central a través de la consulta de enfermería con recepción y escucha calificadas. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo investigar cómo ocurre la recepción de PVVIH por los profesionales de enfermería en la UBS, identificar las características de la demanda de PVVIH en la UBS del campo de investigación del municipio y describir cómo la recepción de PVVIH es realizada por profesionales de enfermería en la UBS. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con abordaje cualitativo, cuyo proyecto fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la UNIFASE bajo el Dictamen 5.351.703. La recolección de datos se realizó a distancia a través de entrevistas grabadas y los hallazgos fueron transcritos y categorizados para su análisis. Los resultados mostraron que factores como la no realización de pruebas rápidas como estrategia de acceso al diagnóstico, la falta de vinculación entre el usuario y los equipos de atención primaria y el hecho de que, poco después de recibir serología del reactivo del VIH, los usuarios son derivados directamente de los servicios de laboratorio a las unidades de referencia, hacen que no haya demanda de PVVIH en la UBS. También se evidenció que la recepción de PVVIH por los profesionales de enfermería en las unidades básicas de salud.A descentralização da assistência às Pessoas Vivendo com HIV (PVHIV) para as Unidades Básicas de Saúde é fundamental para a adesão ao tratamento e melhoria de suas condições de vida e saúde e o enfermeiro, nesse cenário, tem papel central através da consulta de enfermagem com acolhimento e escuta qualificada. A presente pesquisa objetivou investigar como ocorre o acolhimento de PVHIV por parte de profissionais enfermeiros nas UBS, identificar as características da demanda de PVHIV nas UBS do município campo da pesquisa e descrever como é realizado o acolhimento de PVHIV por parte de profissionais Enfermeiros nas UBS. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, cujo projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UNIFASE sob o Parecer 5.351.703. A coleta de dados foi realizada de forma remota, através de entrevistas gravadas e os achados foram transcritos e categorizados para análise. Os resultados evidenciaram que fatores como a não realização de testes rápidos como estratégia de acesso  ao diagnóstico, a falta de vínculo do usuário com as equipes da atenção básica e o fato de,  logo após receberem a sorologia reagente de HIV, os usuários serem encaminhados diretamente dos serviços laboratoriais para unidades de referência, fazem com que não haja demanda de PVHIV nas UBS. Foi evidenciado também que o acolhimento de PVHIV por parte de profissionais Enfermeiros nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde acaba não ocorrendo por não haver, ainda, a descentralização da assistência, e o cuidado da PVHIV não ser uma  realidade corriqueira nas UBS.A descentralização da assistência às Pessoas Vivendo com HIV (PVHIV) para as Unidades Básicas de Saúde é fundamental para a adesão ao tratamento e melhoria de suas condições de vida e saúde e o enfermeiro, nesse cenário, tem papel central através da consulta de enfermagem com acolhimento e escuta qualificada. A presente pesquisa objetivou investigar como ocorre o acolhimento de PVHIV por parte de profissionais enfermeiros nas UBS, identificar as características da demanda de PVHIV nas UBS do município campo da pesquisa e descrever como é realizado o acolhimento de PVHIV por parte de profissionais Enfermeiros nas UBS. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, cujo projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UNIFASE sob o Parecer 5.351.703. A coleta de dados foi realizada de forma remota, através de entrevistas gravadas e os achados foram transcritos e categorizados para análise. Os resultados evidenciaram que fatores como a não realização de testes rápidos como estratégia de acesso  ao diagnóstico, a falta de vínculo do usuário com as equipes da atenção básica e o fato de,  logo após receberem a sorologia reagente de HIV, os usuários serem encaminhados diretamente dos serviços laboratoriais para unidades de referência, fazem com que não haja demanda de PVHIV nas UBS. Foi evidenciado também que o acolhimento de PVHIV por parte de profissionais Enfermeiros nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde acaba não ocorrendo por não haver, ainda, a descentralização da assistência, e o cuidado da PVHIV não ser uma  realidade corriqueira nas UBS

Habitar a metrópole: os apartamentos quitinetes de Adolf Franz Heep

The restructuring of the housing market and the emergence of a new housing typology in Sao Paulo from the mid-1940s, the kitchenette apartment, coincided with changes in the parameters that guided disciplinary discourse and architectural practice in Brazil. Analyze the moment the new typology was formulated, their initial motivations and subsequent developments, allows not only to recover the trajectory of the German architect Adolf Franz Heep (1902-1978) as investigate the dialogue between European architectural avant-garde, the North-American experiences, the local architectural production and the local demands.A reestruturação do mercado imobiliário e o surgimento de uma nova tipologia habitacional em São Paulo a partir de meados dos anos 1940, o apartamento quitinete, coincidiram com as transformações nos parâmetros disciplinares que orientavam o discurso e a prática arquitetônica no Brasil. Analisar o momento em que a nova tipologia foi formulada, as suas motivações iniciais e os desenvolvimentos posteriores, permite não só recuperar a trajetória do arquiteto germânico Adolf Franz Heep (1902-1978) como investigar diálogos entre as vanguardas arquitetônicas européias, as experiências norte-americanas, a produção arquitetônica e as demandas locais

Effects of physical exercise programs on sarcopenia management, dynapenia, and physical performance in the elderly : a systematic review of randomized clinical trials

Introduction. Sarcopenia is a prevalent condition in the elderly population, imposing a significant impact over their functional ability as well as their quality of life. Furthermore, it is associated with greater incidence of major geriatric outcomes, as reduced mobility, falls, loss of independence, cognitive impairment, and all-cause mortality. Physical Exercise Programs directed to improve muscle mass and its function may be key to reduce sarcopenia consequences. However, a significant heterogeneity is found in clinical trials, especially as a consequence of different exercise protocols applied to research subjects. Objectives. To access the effects of physical exercise programs compared to no exercise interventions to improve sarcopenia components and its determinants in sarcopenic elder individuals. Methods. A systematic review was conducted in the Pubmed database to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) which tested the effects of physical exercise programs to manage sarcopenia components in sarcopenic elder individuals. Two independent reviewers assessed the studies’ eligibility according to specified inclusion criteria in a four-step strategy. Data regarding population characteristics, muscle mass, muscle quality, muscle strength, and muscle function were extracted from each one of the included studies. Assessment of quality and individual studies risk of bias were assessed through Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool®. Assuming theoretical expected heterogeneity among studies, especially regarding different physical exercise programs and different outcome measurements, authors decided to be conservative and present study results in descriptive tables. Results. Search strategy retrieved 298 papers on PubMed database. )ree more were identified through manual search, being 301 studies revised for inclusion. 278 were excluded during title/abstract review. After further evaluation of 23 fulltexts, 5 RCTs were included. All 5 trials tested the efficacy of isolated exercise programs to improve sarcopenia components in the elderly compared to no physical intervention. Resistance training was the main intervention component in all included trials compared to inactive control groups (health education mainly). Physical training improved muscle strength, muscle quality, and muscle function compared to inactive control groups. Considering muscle mass, no differences were demonstrated. Data metaanalysis was not possible to be performed due to high heterogeneity among trials and small number of studies for each outcome comparison. Conclusion. Heterogeneity among trials and small number of RCTs limited robust conclusions and data metaanalysis. However, resistance training protocols can improve muscle strength and physical performance in elders previously diagnosed with sarcopenia, although its effect size and clinical impact are barely relevant