LEVANTAMENTO SOROEPIDEMIOLÓGICO DO VÍRUS DA ARTRITE- ENCEFALITE CAPRINA E VÍRUS DA LÍNGUA AZUL EM REBANHOS CAPRINOS DO ESTADO DA PARAÍBA

Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) and bluetongue (BT) are viral diseases affecting goats and sheep, respectively, worldwide. Both diseases are characterized by being slow and progressive, causing a variety of clinical signs and determining economic and production losses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of CAE and BT and its associated factors in dairy and beef goat herds in the state of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. In total, 6.4% and 1.8% of the animals were positive for caprine arthritis encephalitis and bluetongue, respectively, by Agarose Gel Immunodiffusion assay (AGID). No significant statistical association was found between diseases and risk factors, herd size, age, gender, and type of management in most animals evaluated. The risk factors, production system and grazing of multispecies can influence the prevalence of viral infections in goats in the state of Paraíba.A artrite encefalite caprina (CAE) e a Língua Azul (BT) são doenças virais queafetam cabras e ovelhas, respectivamente, em todo o mundo. Ambas as doençassão caracterizadas por serem lentas, progressivas e determinarem sinais clínicosvariáveis nos animais, ocasionando prejuízos econômicos para o produtor. Oobjetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a soroprevalência de CAE e BT e seus fatoresassociados em rebanhos leiteiros caprinos de leite e de corte no estado da Paraíba,no Nordeste do Brasil. No total, 6,4% e 1,8% dos animais foram positivos para artrite encefalite caprina e língua azul, respectivamente, pelo teste de Imunodifusão em Gel de Agarose (IDGA). Não foi encontrada associação estatística significativa entre essas doenças e os fatores de risco, tamanho do rebanho, idade, gênero e tipo de manejo na maioria dos animais avaliados. Os fatores de risco, sistema de produção e pastoreio por multiespécies podem influenciar a prevalência de infecções virais em caprinos no estado da Paraíba

Da decisão surpresa no Processo Civil

Disponível também nas seguintes publicações:Revista Juris Plenum, Caxias do Sul (RS), v. 15, n. 88, p. 75-94, jul. 2019.ADV Advocacia Dinâmica: Seleções Jurídicas, Rio de Janeiro, n. 7, p. 75-94, jul. 2019

Comparison of Three Protocols to Preserve Leptospira spp. in Cat Urine for Efficient DNA Extraction and PCR Amplification

Background: The pathogenic leptospira infection in mammalian species can cause a range of acute or chronic manifestations and may result in a carrier state. Previous studies have suggested that cats were resistant to acute leptospirosis however, the description of some clinical cases suggests that Leptospira spp. may also be pathogenic to this species. Recent studies have shown that leptospires may be shed in the urine of infected cats. Endogenous substances present in urine may inhibit PCR and allow leptospires to evade detection. This study aims to compare three protocols for sample processing to optimize the detection of pathogenic leptospires in cat urine.Materials, Methods & Results: Three protocols to optimize the detection of pathogenic leptospires in cat urine were tested. Aliquots of standard concentration of L interrogans serovar Canicola culture were added to urine samples to achieve concentrations of 1×105 to 1×102 leptospires/mL for each protocol. In protocols A and B the urine was neutralized by the addition of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, in a proportion of 1 PBS: 2.5 urine (v/v). In protocol A, PBS was added to neutralize the urine pH for the leptospiral organisms immediately after addition of leptospires. In protocol B, PBS was added just before DNA extraction. In protocol C, no PBS was added. DNA extraction was performed at 4, 24 and 48 h after addition of the leptospires using a modified protocol. Samples were incubated at 37ºC for 10 min. Samples were then centrifuged (850 g) for 15 min, at 25ºC. The supernatants were transferred to another tube, and the pellets were discarded. The supernatants were centrifuged (16060 g) for 20 min at 4ºC. The supernatants were then discarded, and the pellets resuspended and washed with 1000 µL of PBS. All the samples were centrifuged at 16060 g for an additional 20 min at 25ºC. The supernatants were discarded and the pellets were resuspended in 100 µL of PBS and incubated at 94ºC for 10 min. DNA was stored at -20ºC until the molecular analysis. The PCR detection limit was evaluated. In samples from protocol A, leptospires were detected in concentrations up to 1×103 (4 h) and 1×104 (24 and 48 h). In protocol C, leptospires were detected in concentrations up to 1×104 (4 h) and 1×105 (24 and 48 h). No leptospiral DNA was detected in samples from protocol B.Discussion:   Leptospires are sensitive to acid conditions, at pH 6.8 or lower and the urine pH of cats may vary from 5 to 7. In the present study, we found best results for DNA amplification with the addition of PBS immediately after urine collection (protocol A). Previous studies have shown the importance of neutralizing urine samples immediately after collection to avoid loss of bacterial DNA during the extraction process. However, protocols B and C may be an alternative in clinical practice, when PBS cannot be added immediately after collection. The delay after urine collection before DNA extraction is one more factor that may interfere with the PCR sensitivity. This was observed in the samples from protocol A, because although these samples were neutralized immediately, there was a 10-fold decrease in the detection limit of the test at 24 and 48 h. Leptospires rapidly lose their integrity in urine and the detection limit declines considerably over time, so prompt extraction is essential. These results show that the in-house method of preserving cat urine is useful to maintain the viability of leptospiral DNA extraction. In addition, this study highlights the importance of neutralizing urine samples immediately after collection and the need for prompt DNA extraction to improve PCR detection limit. However, if PBS cannot be added to the collected sample immediately, it is better to process the sample without PBS and extract DNA as soon as possible to minimize the risk of false-negative results

USO DO ESPAÇO VERTICAL POR PEQUENOS MAMÍFEROS NO PARQUE NACIONAL SERRA DOS ÓRGÃOS, RJ: UM ESTUDO DE 10 ANOS UTILIZANDO TRÊS MÉTODOS DE AMOSTRAGEM

In this study we analyze the use of forest strata by species of small mammals using three sampling methods: livetraps, artificial nests, and spool-and-line devices. With livetraps and a total effort of 69,525 trap-nights (17,550 in the canopy) there were 2,759 captures of 1,172 individuals of 15 species, eight marsupials and seven rodents. In the nests, the effort was 6,018 nest verifications, with 71 individuals of six species registered. With the spool-and-line devices, 53,000 m of line were tracked in 403 paths of 272 individuals of four species of marsupials. Sampling the canopy was essential to properly characterize the structure of the community, particularly regarding relative abundance of species. The results of the different sampling methods were complementary, each one with its own advantages and limitations to study the vertical use of the forest by small mammals. The combination of the three methods revealed that the small mammal community in Garrafão is clearly stratified, but the vertical use of the forest by small mammals is more complex and sophisticated than a simple classification by dominant strata used. Some species use predominantly the ground, others the canopy, but only these extremes are detected by livetraps. This method alone does not allow a detailed analysis of use of the understory and even the canopy by predominantly terrestrial or scansorial species.O estudo avaliou o uso dos estratos da floresta pelas espécies de pequenos mamíferos através de três métodos de amostragem: armadilhas de captura viva, ninhos artificiais e carretel de rastreamento. Nas armadilhas e com esforço total de 69.525 armadilhas-noites (17.550 no dossel), houve 2.759 capturas de 1.172 indivíduos de 15 espécies, sendo oito espécies de marsupiais e sete de roedores. Nos ninhos, com esforço total de 6.018 verificações, foram registrados 71 indivíduos pertencentes a seis espécies. Foram mapeados com carretel de rastreamento aproximadamente 53.000 m de linha em 403 caminhos de 272 indivíduos, de quatro espécies de marsupiais. A amostragem do dossel foi imprescindível para a caracterização adequada da estrutura da comunidade, principalmente quanto às abundâncias relativas das espécies. Os diferentes métodos de amostragem foram complementares em seus resultados, cada um com vantagens e limitações para o estudo da estratificação vertical de pequenos mamíferos. A análise conjunta dos dados revelou que a comunidade de pequenos mamíferos do Garrafão apresenta marcada estratificação vertical, mas o uso dos estratos da floresta por pequenos mamíferos é mais complexo e sofisticado que a simples classificação por estrato utilizado. Algumas espécies usam predominantemente o solo ou dossel, mas apenas estes extremos são detectados pelas armadilhas. Este método por si só não é capaz de detalhar o uso do sub-bosque e mesmo do dossel por espécies predominantemente terrestres ou semiterrestres

Investigação sorológica de espécies de Ehrlichia em cães, equinos e humanos de um assentamento rural do sul do Brasil

Objetivou-se determinar a soroprevalência de Ehrlichia spp. e os fatores de risco associados a exposição em uma população restrita de cães, cavalos e humanos altamente expostos a picadas de carrapatos em um assentamento rural brasileiro utilizando um teste comercial de ELISA rápido e dois testes de imunofluorescência indireta (IFI) com antígenos brutos de E. canis e E. chaffeensis. Amostras de soro de 132 cães, 16 cavalos e 100 humanos foram utilizadas. Cinquenta e seis/132 (42,4%) cães foram soropositivos para E. canis. Cães > um ano apresentaram mais chance de serem soropositivos para E. canis do que cães ≤ um ano (p =0,0051). Dez/16 (62,5%) e 8/16 (50%) cavalos foram soropositivos pelo ELISA comercial e IFI, respectivamente. Cinco/100 (5%) humanos foramsoropositivos para E. canis e E. chaffeensis. Rhipicephalus sanguineus (n= 291, 97,98%) nos cães e A. cajennense (n = 25, 96,15%) nos cavalos foram os carrapatos mais encontrados. Concluindo, anticorpos anti-Ehrlichia spp. foram encontrados em cavalos; entretanto, a ausência de uma caracterização molecular impede qualquer conclusão sobre agente envolvido. Além disso, a alta soroprevalência de E. canis em cães e a evidência de anticorpos anti-Ehrlichia sp. em humanos, sugere que os casos de erliquiose humana no Brasil possam ser causados por E. canis ou outra espécie intimamente relacionada.The aims of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of Ehrlichia spp. and risk factors for exposure in a restricted population of dogs, horses, and humans highly exposed to tick bites in a Brazilian rural settlement using a commercial ELISA rapid test and two indirect immunofluorescent assays (IFA) with E. canis and E. chaffeensis crude antigens. Serum samples from 132 dogs, 16 horses and 100 humans were used. Fifty-six out of 132 (42.4%) dogs were seropositive for E. canis. Dogs > one year were more likely to be seropositive for E. canis than dogs ≤ one year (p = 0.0051). Ten/16 (62.5%) and 8/16 (50%) horses were seropositive by the commercial ELISA and IFA, respectively. Five out of 100 (5%) humans were seropositive for E. canis and E. chaffeensis. Rhipicephalus sanguineus (n = 291, 97.98%) on dogs and Amblyomma cajennense (n = 25, 96.15%) on horses were the most common ticks found. In conclusion, anti-Ehrlichia spp. antibodies were found in horses; however, the lack of a molecular characterization precludes any conclusion regarding the agent involved. Additionally, the higher seroprevalence of E. canis in dogs and the evidence of anti-Ehrlichia spp. antibodies in humans suggest that human cases of ehrlichiosis in Brazil might be caused by E. canis, or other closely related species

INVESTIGAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO DE PESSOAS INFECTADAS POR Leptospira spp. E DA SOROPREVALÊNCIA, LEPTOSPIRÚRIA E LEPTOSPIREMIA DE SEUS CÃES CONTACTANTES

A leptospirose é uma zoonose, endêmica no Brasil, que afeta diversos mamíferos, inclusive o homem. Os cães portadores assintomáticos podem transmiti-la e é provável que o número de animais nesta condição seja subestimado. Apesar de a maioria dos estudos ser baseada em resultados sorológicos, este teste não prediz se o animal apresenta leptospirúria. Para a detecção de leptospiras na urina é indicado o diagnóstico molecular por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Devido à escassez de dados para avaliar o quão presentes estes cães reservatórios são e o quanto estão envolvidos na transmissão para seres humanos, este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o estado de portador renal para Leptospira spp. em cães contactantes de pessoas acometidas por leptospirose no município de Curitiba/Paraná. Sangue e urina foram coletados de 15 cães, pertencentes a oito tutores com histórico recente de leptospirose para realização de sorologia (soro-aglutinação microscópica) e PCR destas amostras. Todos os testes sorológicos dos cães foram negativos, bem como os resultados das PCR do sangue e da urina. Este resultado sugere que os cães submetidos à pesquisa não serviram como fonte de infecção, não havendo, portanto, relação entre portadores assintomáticos e tutores infectados neste estudo

Preemptive use of intravenous ibuprofen to reduce postoperative pain after lower third molar surgery: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

This study aimed to systematically review the literature to assess the effect of preemptive intravenous ibuprofen on pain reduction after lower third molar surgery. Nine databases (PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, SciELO, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Open Gray, and Open Thesis) were used as sources of research, including “grey literature.” The protocol was registered in PROSPERO. Only randomized clinical trials evaluating the effects of preemptive intravenous ibuprofen on pain during and immediately after the extraction of lower third molars were included, without restrictions of year and language. Two reviewers independently performed the study selection, data extraction, and assessment of the risk of bias. The “Joanna Briggs Institute for Randomized Controlled Trials” tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Each study was categorized according to the percentage of positive responses to the questions corresponding to the assessment instrument. The results were measured narratively/descriptively. The initial search resulted in 3,257 records, of which only three studies (n=150 participants) met the eligibility criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis. All studies were published in 2019. The risk of bias ranged from low to moderate. Two studies found significant pain reduction within 48 h after the procedure. In conclusion, the use of preemptive intravenous ibuprofen for extracting third molars reduces pain and analgesic consumption after the surgical procedure

Accuracy of computer-aided image analysis in the diagnosis of odontogenic cysts:a systematic review

This study aimed to search for scientific evidence concerning the accuracy of computer-assisted analysis for diagnosing odontogenic cysts. A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA statements and considering eleven databases, including the grey literature. Protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD 42020189349). The PECO strategy was used to define the eligibility criteria and only studies involving diagnostic accuracy were included. Their risk of bias was investigated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool. Out of 437 identified citations, five papers, published between 2006 and 2019, fulfilled the criteria and were included in this systematic review. A total of 5,264 images from 508 lesions, classified as radicular cyst, odontogenic keratocyst, lateral periodontal cyst, glandular odontogenic cyst, or dentigerous cyst, were analyzed. All selected articles scored low risk of bias. In three studies, the best performances were achieved when the two subtypes of odontogenic keratocysts (solitary or syndromic) were pooled together, the case-wise analysis showing a success rate of 100% for odontogenic keratocysts and radicular cysts, in one of them. In two studies, the dentigerous cyst was associated with the majority of misclassifications, and its omission from the dataset improved significantly the classification rates. The overall evaluation showed all studies presented high accuracy rates of computer-aided systems in classifying odontogenic cysts in digital images of histological tissue sections. However, due to the heterogeneity of the studies, a meta-analysis evaluating the outcomes of interest was not performed and a pragmatic recommendation about their use is not possible

Investigação molecular de espécies de micoplasmas hemotrópicos em cães, equinos e humanos de um assentamento rural do sul do Brasil

Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar a prevalência de hemoplasmas numa população restrita de cães, equinos e humanos altamente expostos a picadas de carrapatos em assentamento rural brasileiro; identificar as espécies de carrapatos parasitando cães e equinos, e analisar os fatores associados à infecção. Amostras de sangue de 132 cães, 16 cavalos e 100 humanos foram avaliadas utilizando um protocolo pan-hemoplasma em PCR quantitativas em tempo real (qPCR) com SYBR green, seguido de qPCR TaqMan espécie-específicos. Cinquenta e nove/132 (44,7%) cães foram positivos para hemoplasmas (21 Mycoplasma haemocanis, 12 ' Candidatus Mycoplasmahaematoparvum' e 21 para ambos). Uma amostra humana do total de 100 (1%) foi positiva pelo qPCR SYBR green, mas os genes 16S rRNA ou 23S rRNA não foram amplificados com sucesso, apesar de inúmeras tentativas. Todas as amostras de cavalos foram negativas. Cães >; 1 ano apresentaram mais chance de serem positivos para hemoplasmas ( p= 0,0014). Concluindo, embora infecções por hemoplasmas caninos sejam altamente prevalentes, a transmissão de hemoplasmas entre espécies não foi observada, e desta forma podem não ocorrer de forma frequente apesar da alta exposição aos agentes e vetores.The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of hemoplasmas in a rural Brazilian settlement's population of human beings, their dogs and horses, highly exposed to tick bites; to identify the tick species parasitizing dogs and horses, and analyze factors associated with their infection. Blood samples from 132 dogs, 16 horses and 100 humans were screened using a pan-hemoplasma SYBR green real-time PCR assay followed by a species-specific TaqMan real-time PCR. A total of 59/132 (44.7%) dog samples were positive for hemoplasmas (21 Mycoplasma haemocanisalone, 12 ' CandidatusMycoplasma haematoparvum' alone and 21 both). Only 1/100 (1.0%) human sample was positive by qPCR SYBR green, with no successful amplification of 16S rRNA or 23 rRNA genes despite multiple attempts. All horse samples were negative. Dogs >;1 year of age were more likely to be positive for hemoplasmas ( p= 0.0014). In conclusion, although canine hemoplasma infection was highly prevalent, cross-species hemoplasma transmission was not observed, and therefore may not frequently occur despite overexposure of agents and vectors

Atlantic mammal traits: a dataset of morphological traits of mammals in the atlantic forest of south America

Measures of traits are the basis of functional biological diversity. Numerous works consider mean species-level measures of traits while ignoring individual variance within species. However, there is a large amount of variation within species and it is increasingly apparent that it is important to consider trait variation not only between species, but also within species. Mammals are an interesting group for investigating trait-based approaches because they play diverse and important ecological functions (e.g., pollination, seed dispersal, predation, grazing) that are correlated with functional traits. Here we compile a data set comprising morphological and life history information of 279 mammal species from 39,850 individuals of 388 populations ranging from −5.83 to −29.75 decimal degrees of latitude and −34.82 to −56.73 decimal degrees of longitude in the Atlantic forest of South America. We present trait information from 16,840 individuals of 181 species of non-volant mammals (Rodentia, Didelphimorphia, Carnivora, Primates, Cingulata, Artiodactyla, Pilosa, Lagomorpha, Perissodactyla) and from 23,010 individuals of 98 species of volant mammals (Chiroptera). The traits reported include body mass, age, sex, reproductive stage, as well as the geographic coordinates of sampling for all taxa. Moreover, we gathered information on forearm length for bats and body length and tail length for rodents and marsupials. No copyright restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data.Fil: Gonçalves, Fernando. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Bovendorp, Ricardo S.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Beca, Gabrielle. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Bello, Carolina. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Costa Pereira, Raul. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Muylaert, Renata L.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Rodarte, Raisa R.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Villar, Nacho. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Souza, Rafael. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Graipel, Maurício E.. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Cherem, Jorge J.. Caipora Cooperativa, Florianopolis; BrasilFil: Faria, Deborah. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; BrasilFil: Baumgarten, Julio. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; BrasilFil: Alvarez, Martín R.. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; BrasilFil: Vieira, Emerson M.. Universidade do Brasília; BrasilFil: Cáceres, Nilton. Universidade Federal de Santa María. Santa María; BrasilFil: Pardini, Renata. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Leite, Yuri L. R.. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BrasilFil: Costa, Leonora Pires. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BrasilFil: Mello, Marco Aurelio Ribeiro. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Fischer, Erich. Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul; BrasilFil: Passos, Fernando C.. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Varzinczak, Luiz H.. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Prevedello, Jayme A.. Universidade do Estado de Rio do Janeiro; BrasilFil: Cruz-Neto, Ariovaldo P.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Carvalho, Fernando. Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense; BrasilFil: Reis Percequillo, Alexandre. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Paviolo, Agustin Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; ArgentinaFil: Duarte, José M. B.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasil. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Bernard, Enrico. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Agostini, Ilaria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; ArgentinaFil: Lamattina, Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Vanderhoeven, Ezequiel Andres. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentin