Characterizations of a Multi-Choice Value

A multi-choice game is a generalization of a cooperative game in which each player has several activity levels.This note provides several characterizations of the extended Shapley value as proposed by Derks and Peters (1993).Three characterizations are based on balanced contributions properties, inspired by Myerson (1980).

Bargaining with Independence of Higher or Irrelevant Claims

This paper studies independence of higher claims and independence of irrelevant claims on the domain of bargaining problems with claims. Independence of higher claims requires that the payoff of an agent does not depend on the higher claim of another agent. Independence of irrelevant claims states that the payoffs should not change when the claims decrease but remain higher than the payoffs. Interestingly, in conjunction with standard axioms from bargaining theory, these properties characterize a new constrained Nash solution, a constrained Kalai-Smorodinsky solution, and a constrained Kalai solution

Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- activation in endothelin-dependent hypertension

Aims We analysed the chronic effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPAR-β) agonist GW0742 on the renin-independent hypertension induced by deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt. Methods and results Rats were treated for 5 weeks with: control-vehicle, control-GW0742 (5 or 20 mg kg−1 day−1), DOCA-vehicle, DOCA-GW0742 (5 or 20 mg kg−1 day−1), DOCA-GSK0660 (1 mg kg−1 day−1), and DOCA-GSK0660-GW0742. Rats receiving DOCA-vehicle showed increased systolic blood pressure, left ventricular and kidney weight indices, endothelin-1 (ET-1), and malondialdehyde plasma levels, urinary iso-PGF2α excretion, impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine, and contraction to ET-1 when compared with controls. Aortic reactive oxygen species content, NADPH oxidase activity, and p47phox, p22phox, NOX-4, glutathione peroxidase 1, hemeoxygenase-1, and preproET-1 expression were increased, whereas catalase and regulators of G protein-coupled signalling proteins (RGS)5 expression were decreased in the DOCA-vehicle group. GW0742 prevented the development of hypertension in a dose-dependent manner but the reduction of renal and cardiac hypertrophy, systemic and vascular oxidative stress markers, and improvement of endothelial dysfunction were only observed after the higher dose. GW0742, at 20 mg kg−1 day−1, attenuated ET-1 contraction by increasing RGS5 expression and restored the intracellular redox balance by reducing NADPH-oxidase activity, and by increasing the antioxidant genes expression. The PPAR-β antagonist GSK0660 prevented all vascular changes induced by GW0742 but not its antihypertensive effects. Conclusion Vascular protective effects of GW0742 operate via PPAR-β by interference with the ET-1 signalling as a result of increased expression of RGS5 and up-regulation of antioxidant genes and via PPAR-β-independent mechanisms to decrease blood pressure

Characterizations of the Egalitarian Solution for Convex Games

The egalitarian solution for TU-games as introduced by Dutta and Ray [3] is studied. Two characterizations of the restriction of this solution to the class of convex games are given, using weak variants of the reduced game properties of Hart and Mas-Colell [6] and Davis and Maschler [5]. The other properties are a stability property, inspired by Selten [8], and a property restricting maximum payoffs. Further, a dual egalitarian solution is introduced and it is proved that for a convex game the egalitarian allocation is equal to the dual egalitarian allocation for its dual concave game.

100 GHz Multiple Colliding Pulse Generation From Cleaved Facet-Free Multi-Section Semiconductor Laser Diode

We present a monolithically integrated mode-locked laser (MLL) with 25 GHz fundamental repetition rate frequency, which has been designed to operate in a fourth-order colliding regime, to generate 100 GHz. This device has been fabricated within a multi-project wafer (MPW) run in an InP-based active-passive generic foundry. The Fabry-Perot laser resonator, of around 1.66 mm length, is defined by two on-chip reflectors, eliminating the need of cleaved facet. Three saturable absorber sections are symmetrically located by spacing them a quarter of this total length, dividing the cavity into four gain segments. We show that this structure can generate an electrical beat note at 25 GHz as well as 100 GHz, with a linewidth of 350 kHz and 150 kHz, respectively, operating in passive operation regime

Aplicación y evaluación de una metodología de programación visual para el desarrollo de competencias matemáticas

El uso de la programación visual en metodología docente es un aspecto novedoso de especial interés en el ámbito educativo actual. Más concretamente, pensamos que la utilización del lenguaje de programación Scratch puede contribuir positivamente, entre otros aspectos, al desarrollo de competencias matemáticas. Por este motivo se ha procedido, en el trabajo que aquí se presenta, al diseño, aplicación y evaluación de una metodología docente de programación visual mediante lenguaje Scratch. Ello se ha desarrollado en el contexto de la formación de maestros de educación primaria, buscando, además de la adquisición de competencias matemáticas, el conocimiento de nuevas metodologías para su futuro como docentes

Dietilditiocarbamato sódico: acciones hipoglucemiante y antioxidante

The diethyldithiocarbamates have been studied in several industries and investigation fields. We have iniciated the study of Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate from antioxidant and hipoglycemic view points. This carbamato decreased glucose levels in rats (800 mg/ kg per os). The antioxidant activity, in yitro, showed similar as whith ascórbic acid.Los dietilditiocarbamatos vienen siendo objeto de estudio en numerosos campos de la industria e investigación. Se ha iniciado el estudio del dietilditiocarbamato sódico desde los puntos de vista de su actividad antioxidante e hipoglucemiante. Dicho carbamato, administrado a ratas (800 mg/kg V.O.) provocó descensos en los niveles de glucosa en sangre. In yitro, su actividad antioxidante se halló dentro del rango del ácido ascórbico

morphodynamic response to human activities in the bay of ca diz 2012 2015

The morphology of the Bay of C\'adiz in the southwestern Spain has been changing for the past 25 years in response to the human interventions. Since 2012, new interventions, for example the new terminal and the new navigation channel, have been planned to carry out inside the Bay. As a result of these interventions, there has been a decrease in tidal amplitudes, tidal volumes, and average flow velocities, and there is hardly any sediment transport along the bay. Recent human activities are addressed in the Bay of Cádiz, an estuary located in the south--west of Spain. The Bay of Cádiz is a highly altered embayment in which socio-economical developments and ecological interests conflict. This work studies both through observations and numerical simulations the impact of some of these modifications on the morpho--hydrodynamics of the Bay of Cádiz. The capability of the bay to transport sediment between the inner and outer bay deteriorates after the deepening of the navigation channel and the construction of the new port terminal and the new bridge. This may have an impact on the ecological status of the bay. The influence of the dredging and the new terminal are concentrated at the entrance to the central sector of the bay and close to the channel. The dredging would increase siltation in the shallower areas close to the new channel, which subsequently reduce the amount of sediment input into the basins. The bridge mostly affect the Puntales Channel and the inner bay. The most changes in the erosion/deposition patterns are found in the area with strong bottom frictions and tidal asymmetries

Probing the Impact of Porosity on Swelling Kinetics of Hydrophilic Matrices

The aim of the present investigation was to understand the swelling behaviour of HPMC and PEO-based matrices and to evaluate the impact of porosity on the swelling kinetics. It was noticed that the HPMC has higher swelling rates but both undergo diffusion oriented swelling mechanism. It could also the concluded that the porosity has a marked influence in the development of gel layer on the surface of these matrices

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β activation restores the high glucose-induced impairment of insulin signaling in endothelial cells

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: PPARβ enhances insulin sensitivity in adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells, but its effects on insulin signalling in endothelial cells are not known. We analysed the effects of the PPARβ/δ (PPARβ) agonists, GW0742 and L165041, on impaired insulin signalling induced by high glucose in HUVECs and aortic and mesenteric arteries from diabetic rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Insulin-stimulated NO production, Akt-Ser(473) and eNOS-Ser(1177) phosphorylation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were studied in HUVECs incubated in low- or high-glucose medium. Insulin-stimulated relaxations and protein phosphorylation in vessels from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were also analysed. KEY RESULTS: HUVECs incubated in high-glucose medium showed a significant reduction in insulin-stimulated production of NO. High glucose also reduced insulin-induced Akt-Ser(473) and eNOS-Ser(1177) phosphorylation, increased IRS-1-Ser(636) and ERK1/2-Thr(183)-Tyr(185) phosphorylation and increased ROS production. The co-incubation with the PPARβ agonists GW0742 or L165041 prevented all these effects induced by high glucose. In turn, the effects induced by the agonists were suppressed when HUVEC were also incubated with the PPARβ antagonist GSK0660, the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK)4 inhibitor dichloroacetate or after knockdown of both PPARβ and PDK4 with siRNA. The ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, ROS scavenger catalase, inhibitor of complex II thenoyltrifluoroacetone or uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, also prevented glucose-induced insulin resistance. In STZ diabetic rats, oral GW0742 also improved insulin signalling and the impaired NO-mediated vascular relaxation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: PPARβ activation in vitro and in vivo restores the endothelial function, preserving the insulin-Akt-eNOS pathway impaired by high glucose, at least in part, through PDK4 activation