Un estudio sobre los jóvenes de Valencia : una nueva aproximación sociológica

Este trabajo se enmarca dentro de las políticas locales de juventud y pretende proporcionar algunos indicadores –en el sentido de indicios, de claves de comprensión– para las acciones que se inicien en el próximo Plan de Juventud de la ciudad de Valencia. La estructura del estudio responde básicamente al esquema organizativo planteado por el propio Plan Municipal de Juventud 2009-2012 en sus diferentes áreas y subáreas, pero adaptado a la nueva y reciente estructura con las que se quiere abordar el nuevo Plan Municipal de Juventud a partir de 2013. Por tanto, este estudio ha puesto el foco de atención en aquellas seis áreas que la Concejalía de Juventud del Ayuntamiento de Valencia considera prioritarias: áreas cuya suma e interrelación configuran una serie de políticas y prácticas de juventud. Las seis áreas son: empleo, vivienda, calidad de vida, ocio y tiempo libre, Formación, Información y participación.El estudio forma parte de un encargo de la Concejalía de Juventud del Ayuntamiento de Valencia, como marco teórico para un nuevo Plan de Juventud que se inicia en 2013

Genome-scale constraint-based modeling of Geobacter metallireducens

Background: Geobacter metallireducens was the first organism that can be grown in pure culture to completely oxidize organic compounds with Fe(III) oxide serving as electron acceptor. Geobacter species, including G. sulfurreducens and G. metallireducens, are used for bioremediation and electricity generation from waste organic matter and renewable biomass. The constraint-based modeling approach enables the development of genome-scale in silico models that can predict the behavior of complex biological systems and their responses to the environments. Such a modeling approach was applied to provide physiological and ecological insights on the metabolism of G. metallireducens. Results: The genome-scale metabolic model of G. metallireducens was constructed to include 747 genes and 697 reactions. Compared to the G. sulfurreducens model, the G. metallireducens metabolic model contains 118 unique reactions that reflect many of G. metallireducens\u27 specific metabolic capabilities. Detailed examination of the G. metallireducens model suggests that its central metabolism contains several energy-inefficient reactions that are not present in the G. sulfurreducens model. Experimental biomass yield of G. metallireducens growing on pyruvate was lower than the predicted optimal biomass yield. Microarray data of G. metallireducens growing with benzoate and acetate indicated that genes encoding these energy-inefficient reactions were up-regulated by benzoate. These results suggested that the energy-inefficient reactions were likely turned off during G. metallireducens growth with acetate for optimal biomass yield, but were up-regulated during growth with complex electron donors such as benzoate for rapid energy generation. Furthermore, several computational modeling approaches were applied to accelerate G. metallireducens research. For example, growth of G. metallireducens with different electron donors and electron acceptors were studied using the genome-scale metabolic model, which provided a fast and cost-effective way to understand the metabolism of G. metallireducens. Conclusion: We have developed a genome-scale metabolic model for G. metallireducens that features both metabolic similarities and differences to the published model for its close relative, G. sulfurreducens. Together these metabolic models provide an important resource for improving strategies on bioremediation and bioenergy generation

Misregulation of Scm3p/HJURP Causes Chromosome Instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Human Cells

The kinetochore (centromeric DNA and associated proteins) is a key determinant for high fidelity chromosome transmission. Evolutionarily conserved Scm3p is an essential component of centromeric chromatin and is required for assembly and function of kinetochores in humans, fission yeast, and budding yeast. Overexpression of HJURP, the mammalian homolog of budding yeast Scm3p, has been observed in lung and breast cancers and is associated with poor prognosis; however, the physiological relevance of these observations is not well understood. We overexpressed SCM3 and HJURP in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and HJURP in human cells and defined domains within Scm3p that mediate its chromosome loss phenotype. Our results showed that the overexpression of SCM3 (GALSCM3) or HJURP (GALHJURP) caused chromosome loss in a wild-type yeast strain, and overexpression of HJURP led to mitotic defects in human cells. GALSCM3 resulted in reduced viability in kinetochore mutants, premature separation of sister chromatids, and reduction in Cse4p and histone H4 at centromeres. Overexpression of CSE4 or histone H4 suppressed chromosome loss and restored levels of Cse4p at centromeres in GALSCM3 strains. Using mutant alleles of scm3, we identified a domain in the N-terminus of Scm3p that mediates its interaction with CEN DNA and determined that the chromosome loss phenotype of GALSCM3 is due to centromeric association of Scm3p devoid of Cse4p/H4. Furthermore, we determined that similar to other systems the centromeric association of Scm3p is cell cycle regulated. Our results show that altered stoichiometry of Scm3p/HJURP, Cse4p, and histone H4 lead to defects in chromosome segregation. We conclude that stringent regulation of HJURP and SCM3 expression are critical for genome stability

Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis

Background Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency worldwide, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine whether existing risk prediction models can reliably identify patients presenting to hospital in the UK with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain who are at low risk of appendicitis. Methods A systematic search was completed to identify all existing appendicitis risk prediction models. Models were validated using UK data from an international prospective cohort study that captured consecutive patients aged 16–45 years presenting to hospital with acute RIF in March to June 2017. The main outcome was best achievable model specificity (proportion of patients who did not have appendicitis correctly classified as low risk) whilst maintaining a failure rate below 5 per cent (proportion of patients identified as low risk who actually had appendicitis). Results Some 5345 patients across 154 UK hospitals were identified, of which two‐thirds (3613 of 5345, 67·6 per cent) were women. Women were more than twice as likely to undergo surgery with removal of a histologically normal appendix (272 of 964, 28·2 per cent) than men (120 of 993, 12·1 per cent) (relative risk 2·33, 95 per cent c.i. 1·92 to 2·84; P < 0·001). Of 15 validated risk prediction models, the Adult Appendicitis Score performed best (cut‐off score 8 or less, specificity 63·1 per cent, failure rate 3·7 per cent). The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score performed best for men (cut‐off score 2 or less, specificity 24·7 per cent, failure rate 2·4 per cent). Conclusion Women in the UK had a disproportionate risk of admission without surgical intervention and had high rates of normal appendicectomy. Risk prediction models to support shared decision‐making by identifying adults in the UK at low risk of appendicitis were identified

Changes in nutrient contents in peel, pulp, and seed of cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) in relation to organic mulching on the Andalusian tropical coast (Spain)

7 páginas.- 4 figruas. 5 tablas.- 32 referencias.- Supplementary material related to this article can be found, in the online version, at doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.109120Cherimoya, a tropical fruit from South America whose commercial demand is increasing for both its exceptional flavor and high nutritional content, is expanding in cultivation to subtropical areas such as the Mediterranean coast of Andalusia (Spain). In this paper, we analyze cherimoyas (peel, pulp, and seed) grown in Almunecar (Granada, Spain) during the years 2013, 2015, and 2016 from trees applied with different pruning wastes (avocado, cherimoya, mango, and garden). The cherimoya fruits had high contents in most of the macronutrients, especially K, Ca, and micronutrients such as Fe and Zn. The Na, P, K and Ca concentrations were related to the plant mulch that released nutrients to the soil and led to a variation in soil-nutrient bioavailability by decreasing the soil pH. The seed was the part of the cherimoya that registered the least nutritional change due to annual weather differences and the highest positive effects of mulching in terms of increased nutrient availability after mulching.Authors appreciate the financial support of this work by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project CGL-2013-46665-R) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).Peer reviewe

Effects of Pruning Mulch on Nutrient Concentration of Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Fruit under Subtropical Conditions

11 páginas.- 4 figuras.- 2 tablas.- 50 referncias.- (This article belongs to the Section Fruit Production Systems)In this study, avocados of the Hass variety cultivated in Almuñécar (Granada, Spain) are analyzed after soil mulching with pruning debris. The mulch treatment assay was composed of pruning wastes from subtropical crops (avocado, cherimoya, and mango) and garden wastes from the surrounding areas. The aim of this work is to analyze the nutrient content in avocado fruit and the effect of pruning-waste mulching on fruit development over four years. Avocado fruits collected in 2013, 2016, and 2017 were weighed, their volume and their sugar content were calculated, and macro- and micronutrients were analyzed in the peel, pulp, and stone (endocarp and seed). The pulp contained the highest concentration of nutrients, especially Cu, Zn, P, Na, and Ca. The peel presented high concentrations of Mn, K, and N, while the stone recorded the lowest values in nutrients, with the greatest decreases in years with the lowest precipitations registered. Over the study period, a decline was detected in the nutrient concentrations related to the alternation of high and low yields, typical of this crop, due to environmental factors. In the years 2016 and 2017, avocados accumulated higher amounts of micronutrients and P, presumably because of greater water availability in the soil. During the study period, the application of pruning wastes did not affect the nutrient concentration of fruits except for the garden pruning waste in certain elements in the pulp during the last study year.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (Ref.: CGL-2013-46665-R).Peer reviewe

Reuse of pruning waste from subtropical fruit trees and urban gardens as a source of nutrients: Changes in the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil

10 páginas.- 6 figuras.- 5 tablas.- 49 referenciasA field experiment was conducted on the Andalusian coast (Granada, Southern Spain) to study the time course of nutrient release into the soil after the addition of bagged pruning waste from subtropical orchard trees (avocado, cherimoya, and mango) and urban garden waste over three two-year periods. N, P, and K concentrations were greater in the garden waste, whilst avocado and cherimoya pruning waste registered the highest values for Mg. In general, micronutrient contents were low in all waste, especially Cu. Macronutrient release followed a three-phase dynamic: fast initial release, intermediate stabilization, and final increase. Garden waste showed a similar time course in all three trees and released greater concentrations of K and P. The annual decomposition rate factor k was negative for N and Ca in the avocado tree, indicating strong biological activity in this plot. Avocado, cherimoya, and garden waste showed a good microbial degradation, improving soil quality by increasing carbon and nitrogen contents as well as soil microbial activity. As for the mango tree, its special microclimatic conditions appeared to favor waste photodegradation, thus eliminating nutrients that were not incorporated into the soil. Soil enzymatic activities increased in the avocado and cherimoya trees with the addition of all waste. In the mango tree, only an increase in urease was detected after the addition of garden waste. Our results suggest that the time course of organic waste in different subtropical trees grown on similar soils is significantly conditioned by the microclimatic characteristics. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Funding: Authors appreciate the financial support of this work by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project CGL-2013-46665-R) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).Peer reviewe

Efecto de la adición de restos de poda sobre la evolución de los nutrientes en piel, pulpa y hueso de aguacate (Persea americana Mill.)

Póster presentado en la XXXII Reunión Nacional de Suelos (RENS2019) 10-13 de septiembre de 2019 en SevillaEl aguacate (Persea americana Mill.) es una de la frutas tropicales con mayor importancia en la actualidad. Su cultivo se enfrenta a importantes problemas muy extendidos en la agricultura moderna, como la pérdida de nutrientes en el suelo o la gestión de residuos que pueden ser mitigados con técnicas agrícolas como el mulching orgánico, y en concreto el mulching con restos de poda. Con objeto de estudiar si la adición de restos de poda al suelo puede mejorar la calidad de los frutos de aguacate, se realizó un ensayo en la Finca Experimental de El Zahorí (Almuñécar, Granada) durante 4 años en los que se adicionaron restos de poda de cultivos tropicales (aguacate, chirimoyo, mango) y de jardines procedentes de la población de Almuñécar. Se escogieron 4 parejas de árboles de aguacate por cada uno de los tratamientos, incluyendo un control sin restos de poda. Se recogieron dos frutos por árbol en 2013, 2015 y 2017, analizándose la evolución del peso, volumen, y contenido en azúcar de los frutos, así como el contenido en macronutrientes (K, Na, Ca, Mg, C y N) y micronutrientes (Fe, Cu, Mn y Zn) en piel, pulpa y hueso. Los resultados mostraron un incremento en 2015 del peso y volumen de los frutos, así como un descenso en el porcentaje de azúcar con respecto a los otros años, hecho que se relacionó con un menor estrés hídrico durante el periodo de fructificación. En general, no se observó un aumento en el contenido de nutrientes a lo largo del tiempo de experimentación, salvo excepciones, y la calidad de la fruta se mantuvo. Los distintos restos de poda utilizados no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ellos con respecto a los nutrientes aportados a los frutos. El contenido en nutrientes de la pulpa de los aguacates de Almuñécar es superior a otros reportados en la bibliografía, lo que añade interés a su cultivo en la costa tropical granadina. Se concluyó que debido al corto periodo de estudio no se observa que la adición de restos de poda mejore la calidad de los frutos de aguacate pero tampoco la rebaja, lo que enfatiza el interés de esta técnica que puede mejorar la calidad del suelo, restituyendo nutrientes, protegiéndolo de la erosión, disminuyendo la evapotranspiración y reduciendo las emisiones de CO2, contribuyendo así a la mitigación del cambio climático.N