TPE: Towards Better Compositional Reasoning over Conceptual Tools with Multi-persona Collaboration

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance in planning the use of various functional tools, such as calculators and retrievers, particularly in question-answering tasks. In this paper, we expand the definition of these tools, centering on conceptual tools within the context of dialogue systems. A conceptual tool specifies a cognitive concept that aids systematic or investigative thought. These conceptual tools play important roles in practice, such as multiple psychological or tutoring strategies being dynamically applied in a single turn to compose helpful responses. To further enhance the reasoning and planning capability of LLMs with these conceptual tools, we introduce a multi-persona collaboration framework: Think-Plan-Execute (TPE). This framework decouples the response generation process into three distinct roles: Thinker, Planner, and Executor. Specifically, the Thinker analyzes the internal status exhibited in the dialogue context, such as user emotions and preferences, to formulate a global guideline. The Planner then generates executable plans to call different conceptual tools (e.g., sources or strategies), while the Executor compiles all intermediate results into a coherent response. This structured approach not only enhances the explainability and controllability of responses but also reduces token redundancy. We demonstrate the effectiveness of TPE across various dialogue response generation tasks, including multi-source (FoCus) and multi-strategy interactions (CIMA and PsyQA). This reveals its potential to handle real-world dialogue interactions that require more complicated tool learning beyond just functional tools. The full code and data will be released for reproduction

Large Language Models as Source Planner for Personalized Knowledge-grounded Dialogue

Open-domain dialogue system usually requires different sources of knowledge to generate more informative and evidential responses. However, existing knowledge-grounded dialogue systems either focus on a single knowledge source or overlook the dependency between multiple sources of knowledge, which may result in generating inconsistent or even paradoxical responses. To incorporate multiple knowledge sources and dependencies between them, we propose SAFARI, a novel framework that leverages the exceptional capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in planning, understanding, and incorporating under both supervised and unsupervised settings. Specifically, SAFARI decouples the knowledge grounding into multiple sources and response generation, which allows easy extension to various knowledge sources including the possibility of not using any sources. To study the problem, we construct a personalized knowledge-grounded dialogue dataset \textit{\textbf{K}nowledge \textbf{B}ehind \textbf{P}ersona}~(\textbf{KBP}), which is the first to consider the dependency between persona and implicit knowledge. Experimental results on the KBP dataset demonstrate that the SAFARI framework can effectively produce persona-consistent and knowledge-enhanced responses

Neurogenetic and genomic approaches reveal roles for Dpr/DIP cell adhesion molecules in Drosophila reproductive behavior

Drosophila reproductive behaviors are directed by fruitless neurons (fru P1 isoforms). A reanalysis of genomic studies shows that genes encoding dpr and DIP Immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) members are expressed in fru P1 neurons. Each fru P1and dpr/DIP (fru P1 ∩ dpr/DIP) overlapping expression pattern is similar in both sexes, with dimorphism in neuronal morphology and cell number. Behavioral studies of fru P1 ∩ dpr/DIP perturbation genotypes point to the mushroom body functioning together with the lateral protocerebral complex. Functionally, we find that perturbations of sex hierarchy genes and DIP-ε changes sex-specific morphology of fru P1 ∩ DIP-α neurons. A single-cell RNA-seq analysis shows that the DIPs have high expression in a restricted set of fru P1 neurons, whereas the dprs are expressed in larger set of neurons at intermediate levels, with a myriad of combinations

Controlled Atmosphere Storage Alleviates Chilling Injury and Ameliorates Aroma Quality by Enhancing Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Ability in Peach Fruit

In order to explore the effect of controlled atmosphere (CA) storage on alleviating chilling injury (CI) in peach fruit and the possible underlying mechanism, the effect of CA treatment (5% O2 + 10% CO2) on internal browning index (IB), firmness, ethylene release rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, compounds and key enzyme activities related to the ascorbic acid-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle and volatile contents in yellow-fleshed peach fruit (cv. Jinxiu) during low temperature ((0 ± 2) ℃) storage and shelf (20 ℃, 3 d) was investigated. The results showed that CA alleviated CI significantly relative to the control group; on the third day of the shelf life after 30-day cold storage (30dS3), IB was lower than 10%, fruit firmness decreased to below 10 N, and ethylene release rate was 1.7-fold as high as in the control. During the late period of cold storage, the contents of total ROS, MDA, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were significantly lower and scavenging capacities against 1,1-diphenyl-lpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation free radicals were significantly higher in the CA-treated fruit than the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Meanwhile, in the CA-treated peach fruit, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was increased by 36% on 30dS3, while the activities of AsA-GSH cycle-related key enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) were enhanced, and the conversion of reduced ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid was significantly inhibited. Moreover, CA treatment accumulated higher amounts of C6 alcohols, esters, and lactones compared with the control group at the end of the shelf life; on 30dS3, the contents of γ-hexalactone, γ-decalactone, and δ-decalactone were increased by 3.0, 2.6 and 5.0 folds compared with the control group, respectively. In addition, higher contents of sucrose and sorbitol and lower contents of glucose and fructose were observed in the CA-treated fruit. Therefore, CA treatment (5% O2 + 10% CO2) can alleviate CI and maintain aroma quality by activating the AsA-GSH cycle and SOD, and enhancing ROS scavenging capacity in peach fruit

Impact of neuraminidase inhibitors on influenza A(H1N1)pdm09‐related pneumonia: an individual participant data meta‐analysis

BACKGROUND: The impact of neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) on influenza‐related pneumonia (IRP) is not established. Our objective was to investigate the association between NAI treatment and IRP incidence and outcomes in patients hospitalised with A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. METHODS: A worldwide meta‐analysis of individual participant data from 20 634 hospitalised patients with laboratory‐confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09 (n = 20 021) or clinically diagnosed (n = 613) ‘pandemic influenza’. The primary outcome was radiologically confirmed IRP. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using generalised linear mixed modelling, adjusting for NAI treatment propensity, antibiotics and corticosteroids. RESULTS: Of 20 634 included participants, 5978 (29·0%) had IRP; conversely, 3349 (16·2%) had confirmed the absence of radiographic pneumonia (the comparator). Early NAI treatment (within 2 days of symptom onset) versus no NAI was not significantly associated with IRP [adj. OR 0·83 (95% CI 0·64–1·06; P = 0·136)]. Among the 5978 patients with IRP, early NAI treatment versus none did not impact on mortality [adj. OR = 0·72 (0·44–1·17; P = 0·180)] or likelihood of requiring ventilatory support [adj. OR = 1·17 (0·71–1·92; P = 0·537)], but early treatment versus later significantly reduced mortality [adj. OR = 0·70 (0·55–0·88; P = 0·003)] and likelihood of requiring ventilatory support [adj. OR = 0·68 (0·54–0·85; P = 0·001)]. CONCLUSIONS: Early NAI treatment of patients hospitalised with A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection versus no treatment did not reduce the likelihood of IRP. However, in patients who developed IRP, early NAI treatment versus later reduced the likelihood of mortality and needing ventilatory support

Identification and Analysis of Long-duration Low-frequency Events from Microseismic Data

Hydraulic fracturing is commonly used to enhance rock permeability in unconventional reservoirs. Locating microseismic events has become a standard tool in monitoring the fracturing process. However, the relation between microseismicity and crack networks has not been well understood. In addition, microseismic energy is almost negligible compared with the total energy used in fracturing. Long-duration and low-frequency (LDLF) seismic events, which are often observed in volcanic fields, have been reported from the data recorded during hydraulic fracturing. Although the origin of low-frequency events could be complicated, fluid pressurization through cracks, which is a common source for volcanic tremors, could be one main mechanism for LDLF events during hydraulic fracturing. Therefore, investigating the LDLF events from microseismic data would help to understand different types of ground deformation and help to characterize the formation of fracture network. In this research, I have identified several LDLF events using frequency-time plots from a microseismic dataset acquired by surface receivers in the Eagle Ford Shale in Mexico. Seismograms are filtered and their envelopes are calculated. Arrivals from each energy pack are picked from the envelopes using a cross-correlation method. These arrivals are then used to locate the event through a grid-search approach. The LDLF events can be categorized in two types. Type 1 events are located at around 1500 m in depth, close to the horizontal well. The associated phase arrivals show typical P-wave moveout trends. In addition, these events tend to migrate away from the treatment well with time. Type 1 events are probably caused by fluid pressurization in fractures. Type 2 events are located near the surface and the waves travel at a Rayleigh wave speed. The source mechanism of type 2 events is not clear, but could be related to vibrations of the operation equipment.Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department o

Projecting RNA measurements onto single cell atlases to extract cell type-specific expression profiles using scProjection

Abstract Multi-modal single cell RNA assays capture RNA content as well as other data modalities, such as spatial cell position or the electrophysiological properties of cells. Compared to dedicated scRNA-seq assays however, they may unintentionally capture RNA from multiple adjacent cells, exhibit lower RNA sequencing depth compared to scRNA-seq, or lack genome-wide RNA measurements. We present scProjection, a method for mapping individual multi-modal RNA measurements to deeply sequenced scRNA-seq atlases to extract cell type-specific, single cell gene expression profiles. We demonstrate several use cases of scProjection, including identifying spatial motifs from spatial transcriptome assays, distinguishing RNA contributions from neighboring cells in both spatial and multi-modal single cell assays, and imputing expression measurements of un-measured genes from gene markers. scProjection therefore combines the advantages of both multi-modal and scRNA-seq assays to yield precise multi-modal measurements of single cells