A utilização de jogos como forma de ensino e aprendizagem aos alunos do ensino médio noturno na cidade de Muzambinho-MG / The use of games as a way of teaching and learning to the middle school students in the city of Muzambinho-MG

O ensino de Biologia atualmente exige um tratamento didático que direcione a atenção e o envolvimento do aluno. Portanto este texto tem como objetivo apresentar algumas considerações a partir de práticas desenvolvidas no âmbito do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência - Ciências Biológicas do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais - Campus Muzambinho, com alunos do ensino médio e EJA, na disciplina de Biologia, mais especificamente nos conteúdos relacionados com Zoologia. Com essa problemática fez-se o uso jogos que tinham como objetivo desenvolver uma forma diferenciada no tratamento dos conteúdos, sendo que o jogo em questão foi uma adaptação do jogo de tabuleiro conhecido como “Cara a cara” que é jogado em duplas e há a presença de um tabuleiro. Foi observado o interesse dos alunos, havendo uma competição e interação saudável entre eles, tendo assim uma troca de conhecimento. Desse modo o trabalho obteve um resultado satisfatório, principalmente na perspectiva de uma abordagem do ensino de biologia diferente do que comumente é feito

Perinatal malnutrition stimulates motivation through reward and enhances drd1a receptor expression in the ventral striatum of adult mice

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to analyze the effects of protein perinatal malnutrition on the function of dopamine DRD1 and DRD2 receptors in regards to motivation and food consumption in adult mice. The study also analyzed the effect of protein perinatal malnutrition on the gene expression of these receptors in the ventral striatum.MethodsWistar lineage mice were divided into two groups according to maternal diet: control (17% casein), n=30 and low protein (8% casein), n=30. Between 30 and 120days of life, the following factors were measured: body weight; the effect of dopamine D1 and D2 agonists on the ingestion of palatable food; the motivational aspect under the action of the D1 (SKF 38393) and D2 Quinpirole dopaminergic agonists; and the gene expression of DRD1 and DRD2 receptors in the ventral striatum.ResultsThe body weights of the malnourished animals remained significantly lower than those of the control group from 30 to 120days of life. Malnourished animals ingested a greater quantity of palatable food. There was a decrease in palatable diet consumption in both the control and malnourished groups after the application of D1 and D2 agonists; however, the anorexic effect of the D1 agonist was understated in malnourished animals. Perinatal malnutrition increases the motivational behavior of the animal when food reward is used. There was an increase in gene expression of the DRD1a receptor in the ventral striatum of malnourished animals, and there were no significant changes concerning the DRD2 receptor.ConclusionsPerinatal protein malnutrition stimulates hedonic control of eating behavior by promoting increased intake of palatable foods, possibly due to increased expression of dopamine receptor DRD1a in the ventral striatum

EFEITO DAS SOLUÇÕES IRRIGADORES USADAS EM ENDODONTIA REGENERATIVA SOBRE AS CÉLULAS-TRONCO DE ORIGEM DENTAL

The present study aims to investigate the effect of irrigating solutions used in regenerative endodontics on stem cells of dental origin. An extensive literature review was carried out to identify relevant studies regarding the proposal of the present study. Electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scielo and Google Scholar, were consulted to obtain published articles. Chlorhexidine and EDTA emerge as promising alternatives to sodium hypochlorite, presenting lower toxicity and better preserving the viability and function of stem cells. However, more research is needed to validate these findings and determine best clinical practices for using these irrigating solutions in regenerative endodontics. Ultimately, this study contributes to the advancement of scientific knowledge in the area of ​​regenerative endodontics, providing a solid foundation for the development of more effective and personalized clinical protocols. We hope that these findings will inspire future research and promote significant improvements in clinical practice, with the ultimate goal of providing patients with safer, more predictable and more effective treatments for dental tissue regeneration.O presente estudo possui como objetivo investigar o efeito das soluções irrigadoras utilizadas em endodontia regenerativa sobre as células-tronco de origem dental. Realizou-se uma extensa revisão da literatura para identificar estudos relevantes acerca da proposta do presente estudo. Bases de dados eletrônicas, como PubMed, Scielo e Google Acadêmico, foram consultadas para obter artigos publicados. A clorexidina e o EDTA emergem como alternativas promissoras ao hipoclorito de sódio, apresentando menor toxicidade e preservando melhor a viabilidade e função das células-tronco. No entanto, é necessário realizar mais pesquisas para validar esses achados e determinar as melhores práticas clínicas para a utilização dessas soluções irrigadoras em endodontia regenerativa. Em última análise, este estudo contribui para o avanço do conhecimento científico na área da endodontia regenerativa, fornecendo uma base sólida para o desenvolvimento de protocolos clínicos mais eficazes e personalizados. Esperamos que essas descobertas inspirem futuras pesquisas e promovam melhorias significativas na prática clínica, com o objetivo final de proporcionar aos pacientes tratamentos mais seguros, previsíveis e eficazes para a regeneração tecidual dentária

Effect of extracts of Crotalaria juncea and C. ochroleuca on Meloidogyne javanica

Os fitonematoides acarretam prejuízos à agricultura. Os extratos vegetais têm sido estudados com o objetivo de se identificar compostos nematicidas. Com a identificação desses compostos, será possível chegar a formulações comerciais à base de extratos vegetais. Assim, compostos nematicidas oriundos de plantas podem tornar-se ferramentas no manejo de fitonematoides. Desse modo, os objetivos do trabalho foram avaliar se os extratos vegetais obtidos de Crotalaria juncea e C. ochroleuca, apresentam potencial nematicida e avaliar se o efeito da técnica de cultivo do material vegetal afeta tal efeito, comparando extratos provenientes de micropropagação versus cultivo convencional. Foram testados extratos metanólicos de raízes de C. juncea obtidas sob cultivo convencional (ERCJ_CC), de raízes de C. juncea micropropagadas (ERCJ_MP), de calos de C. juncea micropropagadas (ECCJ_MP) e calos de C. ochoroleuca micropropagadas (ECCO_MP), e extrato de meio de cultivo dos exsudatos radiculares de C. juncea micropropagadas (EERCJ_MP). Os testes consistiram em avaliar os efeitos in vitro desses extratos sobre a mortalidade e eclosão de juvenis de segundo estádio (J2) de Meloidogyne javanica, e in vivo sobre o parasitismo dos J2. Nos testes para avaliar o efeito sobre a mortalidade, os J2 foram tratados com os diferentes extratos nas seguintes concentrações: 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 e 500 µg mL -1 , e a porcentagem de juvenis mortos foi quantificada em 24 h, 48 h e 72 h. A partir desses resultados foram calculadas as concentrações letais CL 50 , CL 90 e CL 95 , após 72 h. Já nos testes de eclosão, os ovos foram tratados com cada extrato, exceto com ERCJ_CC, nas CL 95 aos J2, e quantificou-se o número de J2 eclodidos ao longo de dez dias. Para avaliar o efeito dos extratos sobre o parasitismo de M. javanica, três ensaios independentes foram montados. Para isso, mudas de tomateiro foram inoculadas com J2, posteriormente, foram aplicados ECCO_MP e ECCJ_MP em suas CL 95 (ECCO_MP_1 e ECCJ_MP_1) e em concentrações quatro vezes maiores que as CL 95 (ECCO_MP_2 e ECCJ_MP_2). No primeiro ensaio, quantificou-se o número de J2 que penetraram nas raízes aos 4 dias após inoculação (DAI). No segundo ensaio, aos 20 DAI foram contadas as fêmeas no interior das galhas. E no terceiro ensaio, foram contados, aos 30 DAI, o número de galhas, massas de ovos e ovos. No teste de mortalidade, ERCJ_CC apresentou baixa atividade nematicida, enquanto ERCJ_MP exibiu alta atividade nematicida; ECCO_MP e ECCJ_MP foram os extratos mais tóxicos ao nematoide, apresentando CL 95 de 157, 65 e 189,81 µg mL -1 , depois de 72 h de incubação. Em relação aos efeitos na eclosão de juvenis, todos os extratos levaram a uma supressão na eclosão de pelo menos 82,30%. Nos testes de parasitismo, ECCO_MP_1 reduziu em 54,90% a taxa de penetração; ECCO_MP_1 e ECCJ_MP_2, reduziram o número de galhas em 18,73 e 23,80%; ECCJ_MP_2 reduziu o número massas de ovos e ovos em 23,37 e 49,31%. Conclui-se que todos os extratos de Crotalaria spp. apresentaram atividade nematicida, exceto ERCJ_CC, evidenciando que a técnica de cultivo do material vegetal afetou o efeito nematicida. ECCO_MP e ECCJ_MP foram os extratos mais promissores. Palavras-chave: Controle alternativo. Fitonematoides. Plantas antagonistas.Plant-parasitic nematodes cause damage to agriculture. Plant extracts have been studied in order to identify nematicide compounds. With the identification of these compounds, it will be possible to produce commercial formulations based on plant extracts. Thus, nematicide compounds from plants can become tools in the management of plant-parasitic nematodes. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to evaluate whether the plant extracts obtained from Crotalaria juncea and C. ochroleuca have nematicidal potential and to evaluate whether the effect of the plant material cultivation technique affects the nematicidal action, comparing extract from micropropagation versus conventional cultivation. Methanolic extracts of roots of C. juncea obtained under conventional cultivation (ERCJ_CC), roots of C. juncea micropropagated (ERCJ_MP), callus of C. juncea micropropagated (ECCJ_MP) and callus of C. ochoroleuca micropropagated (ECCO_MP), and extract of a culture of root exudates of C. juncea micropropagated (EERCJ_MP). The tests consisted of evaluating the in vitro effects of these extracts on mortality and hatching of second- stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne javanica, and in vivo on J2 parasitism. Tests that evaluate the effect on mortality, J2 were treated with the different extracts at the following concentrations: 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 µg mL -1 , and the percentage of dead juveniles was quantified in 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. From these results, lethal concentrations LC 50 , LC 90 , and LC 95 were calculated after 72 h. For the hatching tests, the eggs were treated with each extract, except with ERCJ_CC, in LC 95 to J2, and the number of J2 hatched over ten days was quantified. To evaluate the effect of extracts on M. javanica parasitism, three independent experiments were installed. For this, tomato seedlings were inoculated with J2, then, ECCO_MP and ECCJ_MP were applied in their LC 95 (ECCO_MP_1 and ECCJ_MP_1) and in concentrations four times higher than LC 95 (ECCO_MP_2 and ECCJ_MP_2). In the first experiment, the number of J2 that penetrated the roots at 4 days after inoculation (DAI) was quantified. In the second experiment, females were counted inside the galls at 20 DAI. And in the third experiment, the number of galls, eggs masses, and eggs were counted at 30 DAI. In the mortality test, ERCJ_CC has low nematicidal activity, while ERCJ_MP exhibited high nematicidal activity; ECCO_MP and ECCJ_MP were the most toxic extracts to the nematode, presenting LC 95 of 157, 65, and 189,81 µg mL -1 , after 72 h of incubation. Regarding the effects on the hatching of juveniles, all extracts led to a suppression of hatching of at least 82.30%. In the parasitism tests ECCO_MP_1 reduced the penetration rate by 54.90%; ECCO_MP_1 and ECCJ_MP_2, reduced the number of galls by 18.73 and 23.80%; ECCJ_MP_2 reduced the number of egg masses and eggs by 23.37 and 49.31%. Therefore, it is concluded that all extracts of Crotalaria spp. presented nematicidal activity, except for ERCJ_CC, evidencing that the plant material cultivation technique affected the nematicide effect. ECCO_MP and ECCJ_MP were the most promising extracts. Keywords: Alternative control. Phytonematodes. Antagonistic plants.Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerai

Percepção dos agricultores familiares da comunidade de Roma-PB sobre o processamento mínimo de frutas e hortaliças

Brazilian agribusiness has grown markedly in recent years, one of the activities that stands out most in this sector is the small agribusiness, which is usually started by families of rural communities as an alternative source of income. The this study aimed to educate farmers of the community in Rome, the city of Bananeiras - PB, with the use of minimal processing technology in order to add value to the final product, thus ensuring food security, nutritional and economical for producers and consumers Brejo Paraibano. a questionnaire containing 10 questions in order to make a survey of existing knowledge and awareness of family farmers on the issue was applied, but also to develop the perception of farmers on the subject. However, there is a need for technology transfer campaigns that can facilitate the learning and training of the same on the subject.O agronegócio brasileiro vem crescendo acentuadamente nos últimos anos, uma das atividades que mais se destaca nesse setor é o pequeno agronegócio, que geralmente é iniciado por famílias de comunidades rurais, como uma alternativa de fonte de renda. O este trabalho teve como objetivo conscientizar agricultores familiares da comunidade de Roma, município de Bananeiras-PB, com o uso da tecnologia do processamento mínimo, no intuito de agregar valor ao produto final, garantindo assim segurança alimentar, nutricional e econômica aos produtores e consumidores do Brejo Paraibano. Foi aplicado um questionário contendo 10 questões com o intuito de fazer um levantamento sobre os conhecimentos prévios e conscientização dos produtores familiares sobre o assunto, como também desenvolver a percepção dos agricultores familiares sobre o tema. No entanto, existe a necessidade de campanhas de transferência de tecnologia que possam facilitar o aprendizado e capacitação dos mesmos sobre o assunto

Pulse wave velocity on the risk stratification of aortic aneurysm

Introduction. The maintenance of tissue perfusion during the cardiac cycle is essential in organs with high metabolic demand, which is guaranteed by the maintenance of the physical properties of the arterial wall. When altered, there are hemodynamic repercussions that can be quantified using new methods, such as pulse wave velocity (PWV). These changes can occur in aortic aneurysms (AA), which have a high mortality rate associated with their rupture, making risk stratification and early intervention essential. Objectives. Demonstrate the relationship between PWV in risk stratification in patients with AA. Methods. Original articles from the Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences System (Lilacs) and PubMed Central (PMC) databases were included, which addressed the risk stratification of AA with the use of PWV in the human population. Studies published more than five years ago and those that did not address AA risk stratification based on PWV were excluded. Results and Discussion. Three articles were selected. An increase in PWV was observed in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) when compared to the control group (12.3 m/s x 10.9 m/s, p<0.01). Furthermore, the use of PWV is recommended in the risk stratification of all patients with AAA. Finally, the prediction of the use of PWV in the growth of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) stands out, as well as its increased sensitivity for females. Conclusions. PWV is an excellent marker for cardiovascular risk stratification in AA, easy to apply clinically and at low cost. However, some issues must be resolved for its application, such as the PWV value based on age and blood pressure variables

Implementation of a Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional (BALANCE) Program for improvement on quality of diet and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: A randomized, multicenter trial

Background: Appropriate dietary recommendations represent a key part of secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the implementation of a nutritional program on quality of diet, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with established CVD. Methods: In this open-label, multicenter trial conducted in 35 sites in Brazil, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 45 years or older to receive either the BALANCE Program (experimental group) or conventional nutrition advice (control group). The BALANCE Program included a unique nutritional education strategy to implement recommendations from guidelines, adapted to the use of affordable and regional foods. Adherence to diet was evaluated by the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index. The primary end point was a composite of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, stroke, myocardial revascularization, amputation, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Secondary end points included biochemical and anthropometric data, and blood pressure levels. Results: From March 5, 2013, to Abril 7, 2015, a total of 2534 eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the BALANCE Program group (n = 1,266) or the control group (n = 1,268) and were followed up for a median of 3.5 years. In total, 235 (9.3%) participants had been lost to follow-up. After 3 years of follow-up, mean modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (scale 0-70) was only slightly higher in the BALANCE group versus the control group (26.2 ± 8.4 vs 24.7 ± 8.6, P <.01), mainly due to a 0.5-serving/d greater intake of fruits and of vegetables in the BALANCE group. Primary end point events occurred in 236 participants (18.8%) in the BALANCE group and in 207 participants (16.4%) in the control group (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI 0.95-1.38; P =.15). Secondary end points did not differ between groups after follow-up. Conclusions: The BALANCE Program only slightly improved adherence to a healthy diet in patients with established CVD and had no significant effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events or death. © 2019 The Author