Algorithms for fuzzy graphs problems

Orientadores: Akebo Yamakami, Marcia Tomie TakahashiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de ComputaçãoResumo: A teoria de grafos é uma importante área da programação matemática, tendo um importante papel em áreas tais como engenharia e pesquisa operacional. Em particular, ela fornece ferramentas para tratar problemas de redes (tais como: alocação, caminho mínimo, fluxo máximo, etc.), que têm aplicações em diversas subáreas da engenharia (por exemplo: telecomunicações, transporte, manufatura, etc.). Estas aplicações podem, entretanto, possuir incertezas em seus parâmetros ou em sua estrutura. Baseado nisto, este trabalho trata de algumas importantes aplicações de problemas em grafos com incertezas em seus parâmetros ou estruturas e propõe algoritmos para encontrar suas soluções. As aplicações estudadas são: problemas de caminho mínimo, problemas de fluxo máximo, problemas de fluxo de custo mínimo e problemas de coloração de grafos. As incertezas são modeladas por meio da teoria dos conjuntos fuzzy, que tem sido aplicada com sucesso em problemas com incertezas e imprecisõesAbstract: The graph theory is an important area of mathematical programming, it has an important role in fields such as engineering and operational research. In particular, it provides the tools to tackle network problems (e.g. allocation, shortest path, maximum flow, etc), which have applications in several sub areas of engineering (e.g. telecommunications, transportation, manufacturing, etc). These applications can, however, possess uncertainties in their parameters or in their structure. Based on that, this work addresses some important applications of graph problems with uncertainties in their structure or parameters and proposes algorithms to find the solution to them. The applications studied are: shortest path problems, maximum flow problems, minimum cost flow problems and graph coloring problems. The uncertainties are modeled by means of the fuzzy sets theory, which has been successfully applied to problems with uncertainties and vaguenessDoutoradoAutomaçãoDoutor em Engenharia Elétric

Biogeographical analysis within the family Phytoseiidae Berlese (Acari: Mesostigmata): an example from the large sub-genus Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) De Leon

Despite their great interest for pest management, the biogeography of the Phytoseiidae is still poorly known. This study focuses on the spatial distribution of one of the largest taxa within the family: the sub-genus Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) currently comprising 322 species. It also provides a description of five discrete morphological characters used to discriminate between species and easily observed. This survey is the first analysis of the combined distribution of both species and associated morphological characters within the family Phytoseiidae. It reveals the great utility of taxonomic data compilation and associated databases for aspects beyong alpha-taxonomy. The highest number of species of Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) was reported from the East Palearctic region and the lowest from the Neotropical province. This was quite surprising as the highest species diversity of Phytoseiidae is reported from this latter region. Several hypotheses are discussed to explain this observation. In provinces showing the highest number of Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) species, we usually also observed the most diverse morphological forms for the five characters considered. High endemism levels were observed in all the provinces considered, even those where only few species were reported (especially the Neotropical province). Possible synonymies are thus discussed, as species could have been described more than once in different biogeographic provinces. Furthermore, some hypotheses are discussed to explain the high species and morphological diversity of the sub-genus Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) in theWest and East Palaearctic regions. Further phylogenetic analyses are required to test these different hypotheses

First record of invasive Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922 (Arachnida: Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) from the Southern region of Brazil

Herein we report for the first time a schizomid for the Southern region of Brazil, Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922 (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae), found in association with termite nests. This is the southernmost record of any schizomid for the Neotropical region. We hypothesize that the species was recently introduced by the sudden population growth of Florianópolis – along with the intense touristic activity – which might have contributed to the inadvertent transportation of this species

New records of feather mites (Acariformes: Astigmata) from non-passerine birds (Aves) in Brazil

We present the results of our investigation of feather mites (Astigmata) associated with non-passerine birds in Brazil. The studied birds were obtained from roadkills, airport accidents, and from capitivity. Most ectoparasites were collected from bird specimens by washing. A total of 51 non-passerine species from 20 families and 15 orders were examined. Of them, 24 species were assessed for feather mites for the first time. In addition, 10 host associations are recorded for the first time in Brazil. A total of 101 feather mite species were recorded, with 26 of them identified to the species level and 75 likely representing undescribed species; among the latter samples, five probably represent new genera. These records allowed the first inference about the host and mite association of many species, as well as the first discussion about the geographical distribution of some feather mite taxa along the host distribution

Estudo sobre automatização de equivalência de funções / Study on automation of function equivalence

Este projeto tem por objetivo propor um método exato que, prova uma equivalência entre funções. As transformações em estudo são comprovadas por meio da indução matemática. Foi proposto um algoritmo que comprova a equivalência entre um conjunto de funções utilizando manipulação de strings. Para encontrar a igualdade entre funções são realizadas operações matemáticas sobre o números naturais, tais como: distributiva, associativa, comutativa e mínimo múltiplo comum. Como resultado, foram comprovadas as equivalências entre um conjunto de funções constante do banco de dados

Out of Africa: the mite community (Arachnida: Acariformes) of the common waxbill, Estrilda astrild (Linnaeus, 1758) (Passeriformes: Estrildidae) in Brazil

Abstract Background The common waxbill, Estrilda astrild (L., 1758) (Passeriformes: Estrildidae) is a small passerine bird native to Sub-Saharan Africa that has been introduced into several regions of the world. Results In the present paper, eight mite species (Acariformes) are reported from this host from Brazil, including three species new to science: Montesauria caravela n. sp., M. conquistador n. sp. (Proctophyllodidae), Trouessartia transatlantica n. sp., T. minuscula Gaud & Mouchet, 1958, T. estrildae Gaud & Mouchet, 1958 (Trouessartiidae), Onychalges pachyspathus Gaud, 1968 (Pyroglyphidae), Paddacoptes paddae (Fain, 1964) (Dermationidae) and Neocheyletiella megaphallos (Lawrence, 1959) (Cheyletidae). Comparative material from Africa was also studied. Conclusions These mites represent at least three morpho-ecological groups regarding their microhabitats occupied on the bird: (i) vane mites (Montesauria and Trouessartia on the large wing and tail feathers); (ii) down mites (Onychalges); and (iii) skin mites (Paddacoptes and Neocheyletiella). On one bird individual we found representatives of all eight mite species. Although the common waxbill was introduced to the Neotropical region almost two centuries ago, we demonstrate that it still retains its Old World acarofauna and has not yet acquired any representatives of typical Neotropical mite taxa.https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137645/1/13071_2017_Article_2230.pd

The genus Nanopterodectes Mironov, 2009 (Acari, Proctophyllodidae), with descriptions of three new species from antbirds (Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae) in Brazil

Three new species of the recently discovered, and hitherto monotypic, feather mite genus Nanopterodectes Mironov, 2009 are described: N. acutirostris n. sp. from Stymphalornis acutirostris Bornschein, Reinert & Teixeira, N. mentalis n. sp. from Dysithamnus mentalis (Temminck), and N. leucopterus n. sp. from Pyriglena leucoptera (Vieillot). This feather mite genus is currently restricted to passerine birds of the Neotropical family Thamnophilidae in Brazil. A key to the known species of Nanopterodectes is presented for both sexes.FAPESP - Sao Paulo Research Foundation [2011/50145-0, 2011/20805-8, 2011/11420-5, 2012/06951-4

O uso da dominância no problema da árvore geradora mínima com parâmetros fuzzy

O problema da árvore geradora mínima com parâmetros fuzzy é um dos principais problemas da programação matemática fuzzy, visto que possui aplicações nas mais diversas áreas, como, por exemplo, redes de distribuição de energia, armazenamento de informações e transportes. Neste trabalho é proposto um algoritmo exato para o problema da árvore geradora mínina com estrutura crisp e parâmetros fuzzy. Trata-se de uma adaptação do algoritmo clássico de Prim, utilizando a relação de dominância de alguns trabalhos da literatura que tratam do problema de caminho mínimo fuzzy. As incertezas nos pesos são abordadas por meio da teoria dos conjuntos fuzzy e as árvores geradoras do conjunto solução são armazenadas usando o conceito de rótulos. O algoritmo proposto foi testado em três diferentes redes, compatíveis `as instâncias dos principais trabalhos da literatura

Does the wearing time of motion sensor interfere with the choice of physical activity in daily life outcomes of COPD patients?

Este estudo analisa a atividade física na vida diária (AFVD) de pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC), quantificada em três diferentes períodos de uso diário do sensor de movimento: 8 horas, 12 horas e período de tempo acordado, a fim de identificar se os desfechos de AFVD diferem entre si. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 45 pacientes (66±8 anos) classificados com DPOC de moderada a grave. A AFVD foi avaliada utilizando-se o monitor de atividade física SenseWear Armband (SAB) durante 7 dias consecutivos, 24 horas por dia. Compararam-se os resultados de AFVD fornecidos pelo monitor nos três períodos de avaliação dentro das 24 horas de uso. Os desfechos de sedentarismo e de atividade física (número de passos e gasto energético total) foram diferentes nos três períodos de utilização do SAB, com maiores valores na avaliação por período de tempo acordado. Quanto aos desfechos de atividade física estratificados por idade - 3 ou 2 equivalentes metabólicos (MET) -, os resultados foram similares na avaliação por 12 horas e por período de tempo acordado. Concluiu-se, afinal, que o uso do monitor de atividade física durante o tempo acordado é o desfecho mais indicado para monitoração acurada e completa de sedentarismo e atividade física em pacientes com DPOC.Este estudio analiza la actividad física en la vida diaria (AFVD) de pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), cuantificada en tres distintos períodos de uso diario del sensor de movimiento: 8 horas, 12 horas y el período de tiempo despierto, con la finalidad de identificar si los resultados de AFVD difieren entre sí. Se trata de un estudio transversal con 45 pacientes (66±8 años) clasificados con EPOC de moderada a grave. La AFVD ha sido evaluada con la utilización del monitor de actividad física SenseWear Armband® (SAB) durante 7 días consecutivos, las 24 horas del día. Se han comparado los resultados de AFVD suministrados por el monitor en los tres períodos de evaluación dentro de las 24 horas de uso. Los resultados de sedentarismo y de actividad física (el número de pasos y de gasto energético total) han sido distintos en los tres períodos de utilización del SAB, con valores más grandes en la evaluación por período de tiempo despierto. Cuanto a los resultados de la actividad física estratificadas por edad - 3 o 2 equivalentes metabólicos (METs) -, los resultados han sido similares en la evaluación por 12 horas y por el período de tiempo despierto. Se ha concluido, por fin, que el uso del monitor de la actividad física durante el tiempo despierto es el resultado más indicado para el monitoreo preciso y completo de sedentarismo y de la actividad física en pacientes con EPOC.This study analyzes physical activity in the daily lives (PADL) of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), measured in three different periods of daily use of motor sensor: 8 hours, 12 hours, and awake time, in order to identify if the PADL outcomes are different among each other. It is a transversal study with 45 patients (66±8 years) classified as having moderate to severe COPD. The PADL was assessed using the physical activity monitor SenseWear Armband (SAB) for 7 consecutive days, 24 hours a day. The PADL results provided by the monitor in the three evaluation periods within 24 hours of use were compared. The sedentary and physical activity outcomes (number of steps and total energy expenditure) were different in the three periods using the SAB, having higher values in the assessment per awake time. Regarding the physical activity outcomes divided into age groups - 3 or 2 metabolic equivalents (METs) -, the outcomes were similar to the evaluation for 12 hours and per awake time. It was concluded, thus, that the use of physical activity monitor during the awake time is the most indicated outcome for accurate and complete monitoring of sedentarism and physical activity in COPD patients

Cutoff points for the 1-RM test and their association with mortality in COPD

Introduction: There is no available cutoff for the 1-repetition maximum (1RM) test of knee extensor muscles associated with prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Aims: To determine 1RM cutoffs for the knee extensors and to verify their association with mortality in COPD. Methods: In a preliminary analysis of a multicenter study, 170 patients performed the 1RM test of knee extensors (52%♂; 66±8yrs; FEV1 46±15%pred). Cutoffs for 1RM and 1RM/Body Weight ratio (1RM/BW) were identified by ROC curve analysis in a subgroup of patients (n=114; 68 from Brazil; 46 from Portugal). They were classified as either normal (≥80%pred) or low (<80%pred) strength by their maximum voluntary isometric contraction of knee extensors. Vital status was retrospectively ascertained for four years in the remaining sample (n=56). Results: The best discriminative cutoffs (1RM♀: 22kg; 1RM♂: 34kg; 1RM/BW♀: 25%; 1RM/BW♂: 48%) were tested in Kaplan-Meier analysis (Figure 1). Respectively, 40% and 41% of patients classified as ‘low strength’ according to 1RM and 1RM/BW cut-offs died in 4 years, in comparison to 0% and 20% in those with normal strength (P>0.05). Cox regression adjusted for confounders was not statistically significant. Conclusion: New gender-based knee extensors 1RM cutoffs adjusted or not for body weight were provided, although they were not yet statistically associated with mortality in this preliminary analysis.publishe