Role of the Microbiome as the First Metal Detoxification Mechanism

Exposure to environmental toxins in water, soil and air are increasing with health effects, mainly in older ages and physiological states (childhood and pregnancy). The role of the microbiota has been widely studied with effects on the maintenance of health but this is only possible with a diet that promotes it. The traditional Mexican diet is rich in fiber, which has prebiotic effects and has found a higher excretion of arsenic and fluoride in adolescents who maintained a diet high in fiber derived from traditional foods. After several descriptive studies in the state of Guanajuato, since 2004, first with arsenic in drinking water in population of several communities, in 2015, it is achieved through an intervention study with a supplementation of several vitamins and minerals in population adolescent, a greater urinary arsenic and fluoride excretion, as well as a greater consumption of traditional foods such as beans, bananas, orange and quelites. Food is key to maintain a function of the microbiota, so its review and study should be encouraged

Valoración ambiental del centro histórico de Atlixco, Puebla

En esta investigación  se evalúa la sustentabilidad del centro histórico de Atlixco, Puebla en base a una valoración de parámetros ambientales como:  Temperatura (T, °C), Humedad Relativa (HR, %), Intensidad Luminosa (I, luxes), Velocidad de Viento (V, cm/s) y Ruido (N, dB), la colecta de datos contempló 19 puntos bajo dos  condiciones  climáticas:  verano (junio) y otoño (octubre). Entre los hallazgos se tiene que en verano las temperaturas son más elevadas, con una diferencia de 5.5 °C entre máximo y mínimo, mientras que en otoño las temperaturas son menores y la diferencia entre ellas es de sólo 3.8 °C. La Humedad relativa en verano es menor que en otoño, sin embargo la diferencia entre máximo y mínimo es mayor en verano (10.1%) que en otoño (8.2%). En cuanto al ruido se tiene que los muestreos puntuales indican un ambiente aceptable (<80 dB) en todos los puntos; los valores máximos de intensidad luminosa son 90% mayores en verano que en otoño; sin embargo, los valores promedio son  similares (58660 y 63995 respectivamente). Por último, en verano se registra velocidad del viento en 4/19 sitios y en otoño en 16/19, sin embargo los valores máximos fueron de 2.3 y 4.5 m/s respectivamente. Asimismo, termofotografías de los sitios muestreados corroboran que la presencia antrópica llega a elevar hasta en 75% el valor de la temperatura ambiente registrada

Experiencia con un repositorio de ejercicios de programación en un campus virtual: de una colección de libre acceso a otra guiada por la progresión del estudiante

El Campus Virtual es el entorno en el que se ha implementado una Virtualización de Casos Prácticos para facilitar el aprendizaje activo de la materia “Introducción a la programación” en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. El carácter multidisciplinar de esta colección de casos prácticos los hace útiles en diversas titulaciones de la citada universidad. En este artículo se presenta la evolución que ha experimentado la Virtualización de Casos Prácticos, desde una colección de libre acceso a contenidos hasta la actual con un acceso controlado por la progresión del estudiante.Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente financiado por el proyecto TIN2009-13692-C03-03

El análisis de errores como herramienta para la didáctica de traducción literaria

Depto. de Filología Alemana y Filología EslavaFac. de FilologíaFALSEsubmitte

Combined effect of salinity and LED lights on the yield and quality of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) microgreens

The present work aims to explore the potential to improve quality of purslane microgreens by combining water salinity and LED lighting during their cultivation. Purslane plants were grown in a growth chamber with light insulated compartments, under different lighting sources on a 16 h d1 photoperiod—fluorescent lamps (FL) and two LED treatments, including a red and blue (RB)) spectrum and a red, blue and far red (RB+IR) LED lights spectrum—while providing all of them a light intensity of 150 _mol m2 s1. Plants were exposed to two salinity treatments, by adding 0 or 80 mM NaCl. Biomass, cation and anions, total phenolics (TPC) and flavonoids content (TFC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total chlorophylls (Chl) and carotenoids content (Car) and fatty acids were determined. The results showed that yield was increased by 21% both in RB and RB+FR lights compared to FL and in salinity compared to non-salinity conditions. The nitrate content was reduced by 81% and 91% when microgreens were grown under RB and RB+FR, respectively, as compared to FL light, and by 9.5% under saline conditions as compared with non-salinity conditions. The lowest oxalate contents were obtained with the combinations of RB or RB+FR lighting and salinity. The content of Cl and Na in the leaves were also reduced when microgreens were grown under RB and RB+FR lights under saline conditions. Microgreens grown under RB light reached the highest TPC, while salinity reduced TFC, Chl and Car. Finally, the fatty acid content was not affected by light or salinity, but these factors slightly influenced their composition. It is concluded that the use of RB and RB+FR lights in saline conditions is of potential use in purslane microgreens production, since it improves the yield and quality of the product, reducing the content of anti-nutritional compounds.This project was financed by the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia nº 20849/PI/18 through the grant call for projects for the development of scientific and technical research by competitive groups, included in the Regional Programme for the Promotion of Scientific and Technical Research (Action Plan 2018) of the Seneca Foundation-Science and Technology Agency of the Region of Murcia (Spain). The research also received funding from the Italian Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies (MIPAAF), in the framework of the project “Light on Shelf Life” (CUP J56J20000410008). The elaboration of the manuscript was supported by a grant from the Fundación Séneca (reference 20555/IV/18, Call for Fellowships for Guest Researcher Stays at Universities and OPIS of the Region of Murcia) awarded to Francesco Orsini

Behavior of alcoholism in adolescents

Introducción: el alcohol es la droga más consumida en el mundo. Muchos jóvenes tienen su primer contacto con él entre los 12 y los 17 años. Método: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, la población estuvo conformada por los 972 estudiantes del Instituto Preuniversitario Urbano “Jesús Menéndez Larrondo” y la muestra por 317 estudiantes seleccionados a través de un muestreo probabilístico estratificado. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento del alcoholismo en los adolescentes del instituto en el período de septiembre de 2017 a enero de 2018. Resultados: la edad promedio fue de 16,13 con desviación estandar de 0,88; el 65,9% consume bebidas alcohólicas; el promedio de la edad de inicio fue de 13,45 años con desviación estándar de 3,03; el 85,6% consume con frecuencia baja; el 61,2% ha llegado al estado de embriaguez al menos una vez; el 88,3% conoce acerca de los efectos nocivos del alcohol y el 75,1% no fuma. Conclusiones: en el estudio predominaron el sexo femenino, así como las edades entre 16 y 17 años, el grupo que consume bebidas alcohólicas, con una edad de inicio temprana, y los que conocen acerca del efecto nocivo que produce el alcohol en el organismo; del grupo que consume bebidas alcohólicas predominaron los que consumían con una frecuencia baja y en grupo y los que han llegado al estado de embriaguez, al menos una vez; el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas está asociado al tabaquismo.Introduction: alcohol is the most consumed drug in the world. Many young people have their first contact with it between the ages of 12 and 17. Method: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted; the population consisted of 972 students from the Jesús Menéndez Larrondo Urban Pre-university Institute and the sample of 317 students selected through stratified probability sampling. Objective: to describe the behavior of alcoholism in the adolescents of the institute in the period from September 2017 to January 2018. Results: the average age was 16.13 with a standard deviation of 0.88. It was shown that 65.9% of students consumed alcoholic beverages; the average starting age was 13.45 years with a standard deviation of 3.03; 85.6% consumed with low frequency; 61.2% had reached drunkenness at least once; 88.3% knew about the harmful effects of alcohol and 75.1% did not smoke. Conclusions: in the study, the female sex predominated, as well as the ages between 16 and 17 years old, the group that consumes alcoholic beverages, with an early onset age, and those who know about the harmful effect that alcohol produces in the body. Of the group that consumes alcoholic beverages those that consumed with a low frequency and in group predominated, as well as those that have reached the state of drunkenness, at least once; the consumption of alcoholic beverages is associated with smoking

Desarrollo de una herramienta en abierto para el aprendizaje de la traducción literaria basada en el análisis de errores

El proyecto pretende desarrollar una herramienta en abierto que facilite la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la traducción literaria a partir del análisis de errores documentados en una base de datos que permita una consulta rápida

Role of Folic Acid in the Therapeutic Action of Nanostructured Porous Silica Functionalized with Organotin(IV) Compounds against Different Cancer Cell Lines

The synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic activity against different cancer cell lines of various mesoporous silica-based materials containing folate targeting moieties and a cytotoxic fragment based on a triphenyltin(IV) derivative have been studied. Two different mesoporous nanostructured silica systems have been used: firstly, micronic silica particles of the MSU-2 type and, secondly, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) of about 80 nm. Both series of materials have been characterized by different methods, such as powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, absorption spectroscopy and microscopy. In addition, these systems have been tested against four different cancer cell lines, namely, OVCAR-3, DLD-1, A2780 and A431, in order to observe if the size of the silica-based systems and the quantity of incorporated folic acid influence their cytotoxic action. The results show that the materials are more active when the quantity of folic acid is higher, especially in those cells that overexpress folate receptors such as OVCAR-3 and DLD-1. In addition, the study of the potential modulation of the soluble folate receptor alpha (FOLR1) by treatment with the synthesized materials has been carried out using OVCAR-3, DLD-1, A2780 and A431 tumour cell lines. The results show that a relatively high concentration of folic acid functionalization of the nanostructured silica together with the incorporation of the cytotoxic tin fragment leads to an increase in the quantity of the soluble FOLR1 secreted by the tumour cells. In addition, the studies reported here show that this increase of the soluble FOLR1 occurs presumably by cutting the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor of membrane FR-α and by the release of intracellular FR-α. This study validates the potential use of a combination of mesoporous silica materials co-functionalized with folate targeting molecules and an organotin(IV) drug as a strategy for the therapeutic treatment of several cancer cells overexpressing folate receptors.Spanish Government RTI2018-094322-B-I00 CTQ2017-90802-REDTMinistry of Research and Innovation, CNCS-UEFISCDI within PNCDI III PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-014

Acceptance of living liver donation among medical students: A multicenter stratified study from Spain

AIM: To analyze the attitude of Spanish medical students toward living liver donation (LLD) and to establish which factors have an influence on this attitude. METHODS: STUDY TYPE: A sociological, interdisciplinary, multicenter and observational study. STUDY POPULATION: Medical students enrolled in Spain (n = 34000) in the university academic year 2010-2011. SAMPLE SIZE: A sample of 9598 students stratified by geographical area and academic year. Instrument used to measure attitude: A validated questionnaire (PCID-DVH RIOS) was self-administered and completed anonymously. Data collection procedure: Randomly selected medical schools. The questionnaire was applied to each academic year at compulsory sessions. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Student´s t test, ?(2) test and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The completion rate was 95.7% (n = 9275). 89% (n = 8258) were in favor of related LLD, and 32% (n = 2937) supported unrelated LLD. The following variables were associated with having a more favorable attitude: (1) age (P = 0.008); (2) sex (P < 0.001); (3) academic year (P < 0.001); (4) geographical area (P = 0.013); (5) believing in the possibility of needing a transplant oneself in the future (P < 0.001); (6) attitude toward deceased donation (P < 0.001); (7) attitude toward living kidney donation (P < 0.001); (8) acceptance of a donated liver segment from a family member if one were needed (P < 0.001); (9) having discussed the subject with one's family (P < 0.001) and friends (P < 0.001); (10) a partner's opinion about the subject (P < 0.001); (11) carrying out activities of an altruistic nature; and (12) fear of the possible mutilation of the body after donation (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Spanish medical students have a favorable attitude toward LLD

Vitamin C and microbial quality of minimally fresh processed pea seeds stored in modified atmosphere packaging

[SPA] Los guisantes (Pisum sativum L.) son una fuente importante de proteínas, carbohidratos, vitaminas y minerales. Debido a su alta tasa respiratoria, se deterioran rápidamente. Existe muy poca información sobre las condiciones óptimas de almacenamiento de semillas de guisantes inmaduras, pese a su conveniencia para utilizarse como producto mínimamente procesado. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la calidad microbiológica y los cambios en la vitamina C de semillas inmaduras almacenadas a 1 y 4 °C en atmósferas modificadas (PPO 25 μm). Las semillas se lavaron con hipoclorito sódico (HS) (100 ppm, pH 6,5) o con clorito sódico acidificado (CSA) (300 ppm, pH 1,8). Después de 14 días, la atmósfera alcanzada fue de 8 kPa CO2/12 kPa O2 y 11 kPa CO2/10 kPa O2 a 1 y 4 °C, respectivamente. El crecimiento de mesófilos se redujo con la conservación a 1 °C, independientemente del desinfectante utilizado, mientras que las enterobacterias decrecieron en todos los tratamientos. La vitamina C disminuyó desde ≅ 700 mg kg-1 pf hasta 250 o 450 mg kg-1 pf, para HS y CSA respectivamente. El lavado con CSA y almacenado a 1 °C ó 4 °C proporcionó un producto de buena calidad después de 14 días. [ENG] Peas (Pisum sativum L.) are an important source of protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. Due to their very high respiration rate, loss of quality is fast. There is very little information about the optimal storage conditions for immature pea seeds, which are well adapted to be prepared as a minimally processed product. The objective of this research was to analyze the microbial quality and changes in vitamin C of fresh pea seeds stored at 1 and 4 °C in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) (OPP 25 μm). Seeds were disinfected with sodium hypochlorite (HS) (100 ppm, pH 6.5) or with acidified sodium chlorite (CSA) (300 ppm, pH 1.8). After 14 days, the atmospheres within the packages were 8 kPa CO2/12 kPa O2 and 11 kPa CO2/10 kPa O2 at 1 and 4 °C, respectively. Mesophilic growth was reduced when samples were stored at 1 °C, regardless of the disinfectant, while enterobacteria were reduced in all the treatments. Vitamin C decreased from ≅ 700 mg kg-1 fw to 250 or 450 mg kg-1 fw, for HS and CSA respectively. Disinfection with CSA and storage at 1 or 4 °C allowed to obtain a good quality product after 14 days.Al Proyecto EUROLEGUME (EU FP7 Research Project No. 613781) financiado por fondos de la Unión Europea dentro del 7º Programa Marco de Investigación, Desarrollo Tecnológico y Diseminación