Wastewater reuse in agriculture in the outskirts of the city Batna (Algeria)

The study is based on a survey of farmers. The data collected allow us to understand the reasons for the reuse of wastewater. This resource can be an important element in irrigation water management strategy. The possibilities of wastewater reuse in agriculture are significant, as is the case in the Batna region. In this context, the presence of texts establishing the modality of wastewater reuse, are a prerequisite for promotion of wastewater reuse projects. Policymakers are faced with the need to exploit the increase in volumes to meet greater demand. To do this, the integrated management should be considered now as a public / private partnership model and as the best approach for development and efficient and sustainable management.Keywords: Farmers, Irrigation, Management, Public Policy, Text

KARSTOLOGIE EN ZONE ARIDE : FORMATIONS KARSTIFIEES DU SUD EST ALGERIEN. METHODES ET OUTILS.

Un karst est un espace ouvert sur l’extérieur permettant l’introduction dans une roche compacte peu soluble, de traceurs des événements climatiques d’une période donnée. Un karst est donc un conservatoire, mémoire de l’histoire d’une région, d’un pays, d’un continent, voire d’un espace plus vaste encore. Comme dans tout le Bassin méditerranéen, en Algérie subsistent des formations karstiques. Celles-ci ont été étudiées par quelques auteurs et non des moindres tels : Durozoy G., Collignon B., Coiffait P.E., Quinif Y., Maire R. et plus récemment Abdessalem M., Kardache R. etc. Toutes les informations recueillies, du reste aussi importantes les unes que les autres, ne suffisent toujours pas à cerner la karstologie du SE algérien. Beaucoup de travail reste à accomplir tan t la répartition de ces formations en surface est importante, s’étendant jusqu’au piémont du Sahara algérien. Un seul chercheur ne peut y suffire.A cet effet, il nous semble important de tenter une reconstitution des événements qui ont atteint ces formations.En première approche, les karsts du SE de l’Algérie, s’inscrivant dans un milieu aride où règnent une pluviosité extrêmement irrégulière et de très longuespériodes sèches, sont cités comme exemple.L’étude, en l’absence du recours aux techniques de mesures isotopiques, s’est principalement basée sur l’histoire géologique de la région en insistant davantage sur la paléosédimentologie, les phases tectoniques, les épisodes d’érosion, d’émersion et d’accumulation des corps sédimentaires, le paléoclimat enfin

Les goitres plongeants : particularites cliniques, radiologiques et therapeutiques

Introduction: Les goitres plongeants, devenus rares de nos jours, posent des problèmes diagnostiques et chirurgicaux particuliers. Leur prise en charge est facilitée par l’apport de la tomodensitometrie permettant de planifier l’attitude thérapeutique.Le but de ce travail est de préciser les modalités d’exploration et de prise en charge chirurgicale des goitres plongeants.Matériels et méthodes : Nous rapportons une étude rétrospective portant sur42 cas de goitre plongeant colligés sur une période de 11 ans entre 2001 et 2011.Résultats : L’âge moyen de nos patients était de 56,9 ans (36-86 ans). Le sex-ratio était de 0,13. La tuméfaction basi-cervicale était le motif de consultation le plus fréquent, rapportée dans 74 % des cas associée à des signes de compression oesotrachéale dans 45% des cas.Une paralysie récurrentielle unilatérale a été objectivée dans 3 cas.Une radiographie de thorax a montré un élargissement médiastinal dans 23% des cas avec déviation trachéale chez63 % des malades. Une TDM cervico-thoracique pratiquée dans 85% des cas a confirmé le diagnostic. Le traitement chirurgical était mené par voie cervicale exclusive chez tous les patients. Une paralysie récurentielle a été observée dans 3 cas. Aucune hypoparathyroïdie définitive n’a été rapportée avec un reculmoyen de 24mois.Conclusion : Les goitres plongeants devenus rares du fait de la prise en charge plus précoce des nodules thyroïdiens. Ils posent actuellement moins de difficultés thérapeutiques. L’indication chirurgicale est toujours formelle devant le risque vital qu’ils posent.Mots clés : goitre cervicothoracique, thyroïdectomie, paralysie récurrentielle, hypoparathyroïdie.Introduction: Substernal goiters, becoming rare, present diagnositic and therapeutic problems.Their management is facilitated by the contribution of computed tomography for planning the therapeutic approach. The aim of this study is to specify the procedures for exploration and surgical management of substernal goiters.Materials and Methods: We report a retrospective study of 42 cases of substernalgoiters collaged over a period of 11 years between 2001 and 2011.Results: The mean age was 56,9 years (36- 86 years). The sex ratio was 0,13. Cervical swelling was the most common reason for consultation, reported in 74% of cases associated with signs of oesotrachealcompression in 45% of cases. Unilateral laryngeal palsy has been objectified in 3 cases. Chest-x-Ray showed widening of mediastinal shadowwith tracheal deviation in 63% of patients. A cervico-thoracic CT performed in 85% of cases confirmed the diagnosis of substernal goiters. The cervical approach has been used in all cases. Laryngeal nerve palsy was observed in 3 cases. No definitive hypoparathyroidism have been reported with a mean of 24 months.Conclusion: Substernal goiters become rare due to the earlier diagnosis of thyroid nodules. They currently present fewer therapeutic difficulties, and must be managed surgically because of vital risk.Key words: substernal goiter, thyroidectomy, laryngeal nerve palsy, hypoparathoidism

Elements Discrimination in the Study of Super-Heavy Elements using an Ionization Chamber

Dedicated ionization chamber was built and installed to measure the energy loss of very heavy nuclei at 2.7 MeV/u produced in fusion reactions in inverse kinematics (beam of 208Pb). After going through the ionization chamber, products of reactions on 12C, 18O targets are implanted in a Si detector. Their identification through their alpha decay chain is ambiguous when their half-life is short. After calibration with Pb and Th nuclei, the ionization chamber signal allowed us to resolve these ambiguities. In the search for rare super-heavy nuclei produced in fusion reactions in inverse or symmetric kinematics, such a chamber will provide direct information on the nuclear charge of each implanted nucleus.Comment: submitted to NIMA, 10 pages+4 figures, Latex, uses elsart.cls and grahpic

Spin-rotor Interpretation of Identical Bands and Quantized Alignment in Superdeformed A ≈\approx 190 Nuclei

The ``identical'' bands in superdeformed mercury, thallium, and lead nuclei are interpreted as examples of orbital angular momentum rotors with the weak spin-orbit coupling of pseudo-$SU(3)$ symmetries and supersymmetries.Comment: 15 pages, revtex 3.0, 7 figures available upon request from [email protected]

Collisionless Shock Acceleration of protons in a plasma slab produced in a gas jet by the collision of two laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves

We recently proposed a new technique of plasma tailoring by laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves generated on both sides of a gas jet [J.-R. Marqu\`es et al., Phys. Plasmas 28, 023103 (2021)]. In the continuation of this numerical work, we studied experimentally the influence of the tailoring on proton acceleration driven by a high-intensity picosecond-laser, in three cases: without tailoring, by tailoring only the entrance side of the ps-laser, or both sides of the gas jet. Without tailoring the acceleration is transverse to the laser axis, with a low-energy exponential spectrum, produced by Coulomb explosion. When the front side of the gas jet is tailored, a forward acceleration appears, that is significantly enhanced when both the front and back sides of the plasma are tailored. This forward acceleration produces higher energy protons, with a peaked spectrum, and is in good agreement with the mechanism of Collisionless Shock Acceleration (CSA). The spatio-temporal evolution of the plasma profile was characterized by optical shadowgraphy of a probe beam. The refraction and absorption of this beam was simulated by post-processing 3D hydrodynamic simulations of the plasma tailoring. Comparison with the experimental results allowed to estimate the thickness and near-critical density of the plasma slab produced by tailoring both sides of the gas jet. These parameters are in good agreement with those required for CSA

Laser-induced nonresonant nuclear excitation in muonic atoms

Coherent nuclear excitation in strongly laser-driven muonic atoms is calculated. The nuclear transition is caused by the time-dependent Coulomb field of the oscillating charge density of the bound muon. A closed-form analytical expression for electric multipole transitions is derived and applied to various isotopes; the excitation probabilities are in general very small. We compare the process with other nuclear excitation mechanisms through coupling with atomic shells and discuss the prospects to observe it in experiment.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Euro-Atlantic weather regimes in the PRIMAVERA coupled climate simulations: impact of resolution and mean state biases on model performance

Recently, much attention has been devoted to better understand the internal modes of variability of the climate system. This is particularly important in mid-latitude regions like the North-Atlantic, which is characterized by a large natural variability and is intrinsically difficult to predict. A suitable framework for studying the modes of variability of the atmospheric circulation is to look for recurrent patterns, commonly referred to as Weather Regimes. Each regime is characterized by a specific large-scale atmospheric circulation pattern, thus influencing regional weather and extremes over Europe. The focus of the present paper is the study of the Euro-Atlantic wintertime Weather Regimes in the climate models participating to the PRIMAVERA project. We analyse here the set of coupled historical simulations (hist-1950), which have been performed both at standard and increased resolution, following the HighresMIP protocol. The models’ performance in reproducing the observed Weather Regimes is assessed in terms of different metrics, focussing on systematic biases and on the impact of resolution. We also analyse the connection of the Weather Regimes with the Jet Stream latitude and blocking frequency over the North-Atlantic sector. We find that—for most models—the regime patterns are better represented in the higher resolution version, for all regimes but the NAO-. On the other side, no clear impact of resolution is seen on the regime frequency of occurrence and persistence. Also, for most models, the regimes tend to be more tightly clustered in the increased resolution simulations, more closely resembling the observed ones. However, the horizontal resolution is not the only factor determining the model performance, and we find some evidence that biases in the SSTs and mean geopotential field might also play a role

Relative spins and excitation energies of superdeformed bands in 190Hg: Further evidence for octupole vibration

An experiment using the Eurogam Phase II gamma-ray spectrometer confirms the existence of an excited superdeformed (SD) band in 190Hg and its very unusual decay into the lowest SD band over 3-4 transitions. The energies and dipole character of the transitions linking the two SD bands have been firmly established. Comparisons with RPA calculations indicate that the excited SD band can be interpreted as an octupole-vibrational structure.Comment: 12 pages, latex, 4 figures available via WWW at http://www.phy.anl.gov/bgo/bc/hg190_nucl_ex.htm

A regime analysis of Atlantic winter jet variability applied to evaluate HadGEM3-GC2

The behaviour of the eddy-driven jet over the Atlantic sector during the winter season is analyzed for the ERA-Interim reanalysis and the coupled and atmosphere-only configuration of HadGEM3-GC2—the climate model in use at the Met Office. The trimodal distribution that characterizes the jet-stream structure in terms of its preferred locations is reproduced with good accuracy by the model, although a distinct bias towards the high-latitude position is observed. Two different scenarios are found to contribute to this bias. One occurs when the jet shifts from its southern regime, whereby it settles too far north and for too long compared with the reanalysis. The other is associated with the exit from the central latitude regime, with too many events shifting poleward rather than equatorward. Excessively large lower tropospheric eddy heat fluxes during these transitions may account for the jet errors, even though the heat fluxes do not exhibit a climatological bias. Interestingly, these biases are weaker when the atmosphere model is forced with observed sea-surface temperatures (SSTs), suggesting that either it is vital to have the correct SST distribution or ocean–atmosphere coupling plays a key role in the biases. Additional analysis revealed that the Pacific jet exit is biased south in the coupled model and that this contributes to the Atlantic bias. Anomalously warm SSTs in the Gulf Stream region may be acting together with the Pacific bias in fostering anomalous activity in low-level eddy heat fluxes