Young consumers' knowledge and behavior within the 3R principle : with focus on recycling and reuse of clothing.

Svenskar slänger över 7,5 kg kläder per år i hushållsavfall och 60 procent av dessa plagg är hela och skulle kunna återanvändas. Det nuvarande linjära systemet som utnyttjar jordens resurser och producerar produkter som sedan kasseras, bidrar till bland annat stora mängder avfall och utarmning av naturresurser. Detta är en ohållbar resurshantering. Med den cirkulära ekonomin kan redan använda resurser återanvändas fler gånger istället för att kasseras. Konsumenter visar idag på ett allt större intresse för miljön och hur deras köp kan påverka miljön. Trots detta visar rapporter på att svenskars klädkonsumtion ökar och att unga människor är aktiva konsumenter som sällan tänker på miljön när de handlar. För att skapa en medvetenhet och beteendeförändring krävs kunskap och förståelse. Den cirkulära ekonomin tar inte hänsyn till den bakomliggande orsaken till den ökande resursanvändningen, vilket är människors konsumtionsbeteende. För att kunna övergå till den cirkulära modellen måste man därför undersöka människan och dess roll samt konsumtionsbeteende.   Denna uppsats utgår från den cirkulära ekonomins 3R-princip och konsumtionsbeteende. Syftet med studien är att undersöka unga konsumenters kunskaper och beteende inom 3Rprincipen genom en kvalitativ forskningsmetod. Empirin har samlats in genom åtta djupintervjuer med unga konsumenter i åldern 23-27 år som studerar på universitet eller högskola. Resultatet visar på att unga konsumenter som studerat 3R-principen i sin utbildning har kunskaper inom området, men finner inte dessa tillräckliga för att kunna göra hållbara val. Resultatet visar även på en positiv inställning till återvinning och återanvändning av kläder men inte prioriteten att agera hållbart. Slutsatsen är att unga konsumenter har kunskaper inom 3R-principen men dessa är inte tillräckliga för att ändra sitt konsumtionsbeteendet. Unga konsumenter har även intresse och vilja att agera mer hållbart men inte prioriteten att faktiskt göra det.Swedes throw over 7.5 kg of clothing a year in the garbage and 60 percent of these garments are whole and could be reused. The current linear system, which exploits the Earth's resources and produces products that are later discarded, contribute to both large amounts of waste and depletion of natural resources. This is an unsustainable resource management. With the circular economy, already used resources can be reused multiple times instead of being discarded. Consumers today show an increasing interest in the environment and how their purchases can affect the environment. Nevertheless, reports show that Sweden's clothing consumption is increasing and that young people are active consumers who rarely think about the environment when shopping. To create awareness and behavioral change requires knowledge and understanding. The circular economy doesn’t take into account the underlying cause of increasing resource use, which is human consumption. Therefore, in order to switch to the circular model, one must examine humans and their role as well as consumption behavior.   This essay is based on the circular economy's 3R principle and consumption behavior. The aim of the study is to investigate young consumers' knowledge and behavior within the 3R principle through a qualitative research method. The empirical material has been collected through eight in-depth interviews with young consumers aged 23-27, studying at university or college. The result shows that young consumers who studied the 3R principle in their education have knowledge in the field, but do not find these sufficient to make sustainable choices. The result also shows a positive attitude towards recycling and reuse of clothing, but not the priority to act sustainable. The conclusion is that young consumers have knowledge within the 3R principle, but these are not enough to change their consumption behavior. Young consumers also have an interest and willingness to act more sustainable, but not the priority to actually do so

Kartläggning av alkohol- och narkotikakonsumtion bland Socionomstudenter vid Lunds universitet

Hazardous drinking habits is a phenomenon that often seems to be a part of the time spent at university. Henceforth, this study aims to map out the consumption levels of alcohol and narcotics among social work students at Lund University. This was made possible by a quantitative method and use of an online-survey. The questionnaire was answered by 215 social work students. Results show that a majority of respondents drink alcohol either each week, each month or less often than once a month. A majority of the respondents answered that they drink either 1-2 glasses or 3-5 glasses (measured by AUDIT definition of what a glas means) at an occasion for drinking. Regarding narcotics 38 respondents answered that they had tried drugs and about half of these had only tried once or a few times, and from all different alternatives it showed that cannabis, marijuana and cannabinoids were the most commonly used. Results also show that a majority of the 38 respondents who has tried narcotics during their time spent at university tried it due to them being offered narcotics by others. Additionally, the answers show that a 42 percent of the individuals who has tried narcotics for the first time did so under the influence of alcohol as well as 40 percent who tried it for the first time during a party. In conclusion, even if this study is able to map out consumption levels of alcohol and narcotics among social work students at Lund university, further studies are required to be able to make any assumptions regarding the population

Covid-19 impact on management accounting : How have companies learned from and changed formal control systems during an external crisis

Syfte Syftet med studien är att bidra till en fördjupad förståelse för om och hur stora företag har förändrat sina formella styrmedel under covid-19 och på vilket sätt företagen har tagit lärdom om styrmedlen till tiden efter krisen. Metod Studien baseras på en kvalitativ metod där datainsamlingen skett genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med sju respondenter från tre olika företag. Valet av respondenter grundade sig i ett subjektivt och kriteriestyrt urval. Det praktiska arbetet presenteras genom transparenta och noggranna metodbeskrivningar. Slutsats Studien visar att inga större förändringar har skett i de formella styrmedlen till följd av covid-19. Resultatet påvisar att det har skett tillägg snarare än förändringar i de redan existerande processerna och rutinerna för att kunna bemöta den osäkra marknaden som covid-19 orsakat. Etablerade arbetssätt och stark position på marknaden lyfts som huvudsakliga förklaringar till resultatet.Purpose The purpose of this study is to contribute to a deeper understanding of whether and how large companies have changed their formal control systems during covid-19 and in what way the companies have learned from the formal control systems till the time after the crisis. Method The study is based on a qualitative method where the datacollection took place through semi-structured interviews with seven respondents from three different companies. The respondents were based on a subjective and a criteria-driven selection. The practical work is presented through transparent and accurate method descriptions. Conclusion The study shows that no major changes has been done with the formal control systems because of covid-19. The result shows that there have been additions rather than changes to the already existing processes and routines in order to respond to the uncertain market caused by covid-19. Established working methods and strong position in the market are highlighted as the main explanations to the result.

Covid-19 impact on management accounting : How have companies learned from and changed formal control systems during an external crisis

Syfte Syftet med studien är att bidra till en fördjupad förståelse för om och hur stora företag har förändrat sina formella styrmedel under covid-19 och på vilket sätt företagen har tagit lärdom om styrmedlen till tiden efter krisen. Metod Studien baseras på en kvalitativ metod där datainsamlingen skett genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med sju respondenter från tre olika företag. Valet av respondenter grundade sig i ett subjektivt och kriteriestyrt urval. Det praktiska arbetet presenteras genom transparenta och noggranna metodbeskrivningar. Slutsats Studien visar att inga större förändringar har skett i de formella styrmedlen till följd av covid-19. Resultatet påvisar att det har skett tillägg snarare än förändringar i de redan existerande processerna och rutinerna för att kunna bemöta den osäkra marknaden som covid-19 orsakat. Etablerade arbetssätt och stark position på marknaden lyfts som huvudsakliga förklaringar till resultatet.Purpose The purpose of this study is to contribute to a deeper understanding of whether and how large companies have changed their formal control systems during covid-19 and in what way the companies have learned from the formal control systems till the time after the crisis. Method The study is based on a qualitative method where the datacollection took place through semi-structured interviews with seven respondents from three different companies. The respondents were based on a subjective and a criteria-driven selection. The practical work is presented through transparent and accurate method descriptions. Conclusion The study shows that no major changes has been done with the formal control systems because of covid-19. The result shows that there have been additions rather than changes to the already existing processes and routines in order to respond to the uncertain market caused by covid-19. Established working methods and strong position in the market are highlighted as the main explanations to the result.

Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (HPGDS): A high stability, Val187Ile isoenzyme common among African Americans and its relationship to risk for colorectal cancer

Intestinal tumors in Apc(Min/+) mice are suppressed by over-production of HPGDS, which is a glutathione transferase that forms prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)). We characterized naturally occurring HPGDS isoenzymes, to see if HPGDS variation is associated with human colorectal cancer risk. We used DNA heteroduplex analysis and sequencing to identify HPGDS variants among healthy individuals. HPGDS isoenzymes were produced in bacteria, and their catalytic activities were tested. To determine in vivo effects, we conducted pooled case-control analyses to assess whether there is an association of the isoenzyme with colorectal cancer. Roughly 8% of African Americans and 2% of Caucasians had a highly stable Val187lle isoenzyme (with isoleucine instead of valine at position 187). At 37 °C, the wild-type enzyme lost 15% of its activity in one hour, whereas the Val187Ile form remained >95% active. At 50 °C, the half life of native HPGDS was 9 minutes, compared to 42 minutes for Val187Ile. The odds ratio for colorectal cancer among African Americans with Val187Ile was 1.10 (95% CI, 0.75–1.62; 533 cases, 795 controls). Thus, the Val187Ile HPGDS isoenzyme common among African Americans is not associated with colorectal cancer risk. Other approaches will be needed to establish a role for HPGDS in occurrence of human intestinal tumors, as indicated by a mouse model