VALUATION OF CURVED SURFACES GEOMETRY BETWEEN PROFESSIONALS AND STUDENTS

RESUMEN a) Fondo y Objetivos: Se ha comprobado que en las escuelas de arquitectura e ingeniería, la geometría, como otras disciplinas abstractas, ha sido desplazada por otras materias y ha quedado, desgraciadamente, relegada a una presencia testimonial. La geometría tradicionalmente ha sido la encargada de dar coherencia interna al proyecto y es parte esencial en el patrimonio arquitectónico del siglo XX. En este trabajo se investiga acerca de la valoración que de determinados conocimientos geométricos, en torno a las superficies curvas, hacen los estudiantes de carreras técnicas y los profesionales. b) Métodos: Se ha realizado un estudio estadístico con un total de 329 encuestas, de las cuales un 9,4% (31) eran a personas que han desarrollado trabajo como profesionales. Porcentaje suficiente para poder contrastar los datos de ambos colectivos, profesionales y no profesionales. c) Resultados: Ante las diferentes cuestiones planteadas, se ha podido comprobar, como los resultados referentes a personas que han desarrollado trabajo como profesionales corroboran la hipótesis de partida, en la que se planteaba que la experiencia laboral haría aumentar el interés por la geometría de superficies curvas, siendo la titulación de Arquitectura la que ha experimentado un mayor aumento de la consideración por parte de los profesionales comparada con la de los alumnos. d) Conclusiones: De los datos del estudio se desprende que es necesario un mayor esfuerzo por parte de la Universidad en mantener la relevancia de esta disciplina en las titulaciones de carácter técnico. SUMMARY a) Fundamentals and Objectives: It has been verified that in architecture and engineering schools, geometry, as other abstract disciplines, has been displaced by other areas and has remained, unfortunately, relegated to a secondary role. Geometry has traditionally been in charge of giving internal coherence to the project and is an essential part of the 20th century architectural heritage. In this work it is investigated about the valuation that students of technical careers and the professionals have about geometrical knowledge of curved surfaces. b) Methods: A statistical study has been carried out with a total of 329 surveys, in which 9,4% (31) was to people who have been working as a professional. This percentage is enough to contrast the results of the two groups. c) Results: Considering the different raised questions, it has been verified, how the results relating to persons who have work as professionals, corroborate the initial hypothesis, in which it was suggested that the professional experience would increase the interest in the curved surfaces geometry, being Architecture the one that has experienced a bigger increase in the professionals valuation compared with the students. d) Conclusions: The study data reveals that, it is clear that a bigger effort must be done by the University in supporting the relevancy of this discipline in the technical degrees

RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS OF CURVED SURFACES IN ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE

Resumen a) Fondo y Objetivos: Desde hace tiempo se viene detectando la aparición de formas poco justificadas en la arquitectura contemporánea, que responden tan solo a un desmesurado avance de las técnicas CAD y a la época de bonanza económica que se ha vivido hasta fechas recientes. En este sentido se están alzando voces de reconocido prestigio, que argumentan a favor de una aplicación de la geometría en los diseños que racionalice el proceso de diseño, aprendiendo del amplio patrimonio que nos dejó el periodo de la modernidad. Este trabajo de investigación, pretende indagar en el uso y aplicaciones que ha tenido la geometría de superficies curvas en desarrollo del patrimonio arquitectónico e ingenieril (pasado y contemporáneo). b) Métodos: Se ha comenzado estudiando las diferentes superficies curvas, y seleccionando aquellas que presenten unas mejores características constructivas y estructurales. Una vez seleccionadas las superficies, se procede a estudiar la aplicación que de las mismas se ha hecho en el patrimonio arquitectónico, seleccionándose ejemplos relevantes bien por su proyección internacional, o por la innovadora aportación que supuso su realización. c) Resultados: Dadas sus especiales características geométricas, constructivas y estructurales, se han seleccionado las superficies regladas de doble curvatura cuádricas, tras lo cual se han analizado ejemplos relevantes como “Puente de San Petri” de E. Torroja; “Pabellón de Rayos Cósmicos” de F. Candela; “Marquesina de Músicos en Santa Fé” de F. Candela; “Laboratorios Jorba” M. Fisac; “Estación de autobuses en Cásar” J. García; “Pabellón de cine en la Bauhaus” Jürgen Ruth y Rainer Gumpp. d) Conclusiones: En la actualidad, el uso de las superficies laminares de doble curvatura, ha perdido popularidad comparado con los años 50 o 60, cuando los arquitectos las adoptaron como una nueva forma de expresión artística. Aunque hay signos, sin embargo, de que las superficies curvas regladas están interesando a la nueva generación de arquitectos e ingenieros. Nunca llegará a la popularidad que una vez tuvieron, pero recobraran su antiguo prestigio al usarse convenientemente. Esperamos que trabajos como este, animen a los futuros arquitectos e ingenieros a seguir usando geometrías que dan belleza y eficiencia a la arquitectura e ingeniería.Summary a) Fundamentals and Objectives: It has been detected in recent times, the appearance of hardly justified forms in contemporary architecture, this is due to an uncontrolled advanced of the CAD techniques, and the recently period of economic prosperity. In this way, many prestigious voices are raising, arguing in favor of an application of geometry in design, which could rationalize the design process, learning from the wide heritage that the modernity gave us. This paper, tries to go deeply in the use and applications that curved surfaces geometry, has had in the development of architectural heritage (past and contemporary). b) Methods: Firstly, it has been analyze the different curved surfaces, and those which presented the most suitable constructive and structural properties have been selected. Once they have been selected, we proceeded to study their application to the architectural heritage, and relevant examples have been selected, either for its international relevance, or for the innovative contribution that its construction meant. c) Results: Given its special geometrical, constructive and structural characteristics, the ruled double curved quadric surfaces has been selected, therefore the examples choosen are the following: “San Petri Bridge” de E. Torroja; “Cosmic Rays Pavilion” de F. Candela; “Music shelter in Santa Fe” de F. Candela; “Jorba Laboratories” M. Fisac; “Bus Station in Cásar” J. García; “Cinema pavilion in Bauhaus” Jürgen Ruth y Rainer Gumpp. d) Conclusions: Nowadays, the use of doubly curved laminar surfaces has lost its popularity, compared with the 50´s or 60´s when architects adopted them as a new way of expression. Although there are signs that ruled curved surfaces, are attracting the attention of the new generation of architects and engineers. This kind of geometry will not probably get the popularity the once had, but will regain the former prestigious if they are used correctly. We hope that works like this, will encourage future architects and engineers to go on using this geometry that gives beauty and efficiency to architecture and engineering

Una experiencia formativa en prevención hacia el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior

Comuniación presentada en PREVEXPO 2010 - X Congreso andaluz de seguridad y salud laboralEl proceso de integración en el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior está introduciendo importantes modificaciones tanto en la organización de los estudios universitarios españoles como en la propia docencia. El Documento Marco de Integración del Sistema Universitario Español en el EEES (2003) al glosar los objetivos expresados en la Declaración de Bolonia (1999) y en el Comunicado de Praga (2001), determina la organización de las enseñanzas en función del aprendizaje, contemplándose éste como un proceso a lo largo de toda la vida. Desde la asignatura de Seguridad e Higiene de la titulación de Arquitectura Técnica de la Universidad de Granada, se ha llevado a cabo una experiencia formativa durante el curso académico 2008/2009, consistente en la utilización de diferentes recursos metodológicos, en función de los tipos de competencias a adquirir por los alumnos, como son: - Clases teóricas / lecciones magistrales, actuando el profesor como mediador entre el conocimiento científico y el alumno. - Aprendizaje reciproco, con exposiciones de temas concretos por parte del propio alumnado. - Visitas a obra, en aplicación práctica y directa del conocimiento–aprendizaje. - Talleres de trabajo, como enseñanza recíproca en la adquisición directa de competencias profesionales. - Trabajo autónomo del alumno, en base al aprendizaje por descubrimiento. - Grupos de trabajo, en relación con el aprendizaje cooperativo. Posteriormente y con la intención de medir el grado de aceptación por parte del alumnado de los diferentes recursos metodológicos utilizados, se les formuló una encuesta dónde se solicitaba su valoración a los efectos de la evaluación de su eficacia en el aprendizaje tanto teórico como práctico de la asignatura. Los resultados de esta encuesta constituyen la base de esta comunicación, resaltando que el 81,82% de los alumnos encuestados consideran que el recurso metodológico más eficaz para su aprendizaje son las visitas a obra, mientras que las exposiciones de los alumnos con el 70,91% de los encuestados, es el recurso considerado como menos eficaz

Occupational Therapy in Mental Health via Telehealth during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about changes in mental health occupational therapy. Research into these changes and the associated risks of relapse is insufficient. To explore the changes that have taken place in forms of occupational intervention (face-to-face and online) during the pandemic, and to analyze their association with subsequent relapses, a multicenter retrospective cohort study was carried out of 270 patients with mental disorder diagnoses under follow-up in day hospitals during 2020. Our results show that the frequency of face-to-face occupational therapy interventions decreased during lockdown and subsequently recovered. Interventions via telehealth increased during lockdown and have since been continued to a greater extent than before lockdown. Patients who received occupational intervention via telehealth relapsed less in the following six months (10.7% vs. 26.3%; χ2 = 10.372; p = 0.001), especially those who received intervention via videoconferencing (4.2% vs. 22%; χ2 = 5.718; p = 0.017). In conclusion, lockdown subsequent to the COVID-19 outbreak led to a reduction in face-to-face occupational therapy interventions, putting people with prior mental disorders at risk, while the implementation of telehealth tools helped reduce relapses

Modeling photosynthetically active radiation from satellite-derived estimations over mainland Spain

A model based on the known high correlation between photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and global horizontal irradiance (GHI) was implemented to estimate PAR from GHI measurements in this present study. The model has been developed using satellite-derived GHI and PAR estimations. Both variables can be estimated using Kato bands, provided by Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM-SAF), and its ratio may be used as the variable of interest in order to obtain the model. The study area, which was located in mainland Spain, has been split by cluster analysis into regions with similar behavior, according to this ratio. In each of these regions, a regression model estimating PAR from GHI has been developed. According to the analysis, two regions are distinguished in the study area. These regions belong to the two climates dominating the territory: an Oceanic climate on the northern edge; and a Mediterranean climate with hot summer in the rest of the study area. The models obtained for each region have been checked against the ground measurements, providing correlograms with determination coefficients higher than 0.99This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO) [Project CGL2016-79284-P AEI/FEDER/UE]S

Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on neurological complications of diabetes

Emerging evidence suggests that treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) could be an interesting treatment strategy to reduce neurological complications such as stroke, cognitive impairment, and peripheral neuropathy. We performed a systematic review to examine the evidence concerning the effects of GLP-1 RAs on neurological complications of diabetes. The databases used were Pubmed, Scopus and Cochrane. We selected clinical trials which analysed the effect of GLP-1 RAs on stroke, cognitive impairment, and peripheral neuropathy. We found a total of 19 studies: 8 studies include stroke or major cardiovascular events, 7 involve cognitive impairment and 4 include peripheral neuropathy. Semaglutide subcutaneous and dulaglutide reduced stroke cases. Liraglutide, albiglutide, oral semaglutide and efpeglenatide, were not shown to reduce the number of strokes but did reduce major cardiovascular events. Exenatide, dulaglutide and liraglutide improved general cognition but no significant effect on diabetic peripheral neuropathy has been reported with GLP-1 RAs. GLP-1 RAs are promising drugs that seem to be useful in the reduction of some neurological complications of diabetes. However, more studies are neededThis work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI19/01375) co-financed with FEDER programme fund. Funding for open access publishing: Universidad Málaga/CBU

HLA-B*08 identified as the most associated MHC locus for anti-carbamylated protein antibody-positive/anti-CCP-negative rheumatoid arthritis

Objective: Previously, only the HLA-DRB1 alleles have been assessed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of the present study was to identify the key major histocompatibility complex (MHC) susceptibility factors showing a significant association with anti-carbamylated protein antibody-positive (anti-CarP+) RA. Methods: Analyses were restricted to RA patients who were anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody negative (anti-CCP-), because the anti-CCP status dominated the results otherwise. Therefore, we studied samples from 1,821 anti-CCP- RA patients and 6,821 population controls from Spain, Sweden, and the Netherlands. The genotypes for ~8,000 MHC biallelic variants were assessed by dense genotyping and imputation. Their association with the anti-CarP status in RA patients was tested with logistic regression and combined with inverse-variance meta-analysis. Significance of the associations was assessed according to a study-specific threshold of P < 2.0 × 10-5 . Results: The HLA-B*08 allele and its correlated amino acid variant Asp-9 showed a significant association with anti-CarP+/anti-CCP- RA (P < 3.78 × 10-7 ; I2 = 0). This association was specific when assessed relative to 3 comparator groups: population controls, anti-CarP-/anti-CCP- RA patients, and anti-CCP- RA patients who were positive for other anti-citrullinated protein antibodies. Based on these findings, anti-CarP+/anti-CCP- RA patients could be separated from other antibody-defined subsets of RA patients in whom an association with the HLA-B*08 allele has been previously demonstrated. No other MHC variant remained associated with anti-CarP+/anti-CCP- RA after accounting for the presence of the HLA-B*08 allele. Specifically, the reported association of HLA-DRB1*03 was observed at a level comparable to that reported previously, but it was attributable to linkage disequilibrium. Conclusion: These results identify HLA-B*08 carrying Asp-9 as the MHC locus showing the strongest association with anti-CarP+/anti-CCP- RA. This knowledge may help clarify the role of the HLA in susceptibility to specific subsets of RA, by shaping the spectrum of RA autoantibodies. © 2020, American College of Rheumatology