Secuencia didáctica: Enseñanza de óxidos y su nomenclatura química en décimo grado

This research aimed to design and develop a didactic sequence for the teaching of inorganic functions (oxides) and their respective nomenclature from the constructivism theory and problem-based learning. This was carried out with 34 students from the 10-03 course of the Enrique Olaya Herrera High School, with the goal of facilitating their construction of meaningful learning. To achieve the above, a qualitative analysis of the different class sessions was conducted to identify issues during the teaching-learning process. This analysis provided pertinent information for the choice of instruments, evaluation strategies, and contents to be addressed from the utility and applicability of knowledge in everyday life. Finally, the results showed a greater content analysis and knowledge acquisition, overcoming misconceptions and shortcomings presented.La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo diseñar y desarrollar una secuencia didáctica para la enseñanza de funciones inorgánicas (óxidos) y su respectiva nomenclatura desde la teoría del constructivismo y el aprendizaje basado en problemas. Esta se realizó con 34 estudiantes del curso 10-03 del Colegio Enrique Olaya Herrera IED, con miras a que ellos construyeran aprendizaje significativo. Para lograr lo anterior, se llevó a cabo un análisis cualitativo de las diferentes sesiones de clase para identificar las problemáticas durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Dicho análisis aportó información pertinente para la elección de instrumentos, estrategias de evaluación y contenidos a abordar desde la utilidad y la aplicabilidad del conocimiento en la cotidianidad. Finalmente, los resultados mostraron un mayor análisis en el contenido y la adquisición del conocimiento, superando concepciones erróneas y falencias presentadas

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

non present