Influence of calcium additiions on the compressive strength and microstructure of alkali-activated ceramic sanitaryware

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Reig, L., Soriano Martinez, Lourdes, Tashima, M.M., Borrachero Rosado, María Victoria, Monzó Balbuena, José Mª, Paya Bernabeu, Jorge Juan. (2018). Influence of calcium additiions on the compressive strength and microstructure of alkali-activated ceramic sanitaryware.Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 101, null, 3094-3104. DOI: 10.1111/jace.15436 , which has been published in final form at http://doi.org/10.1111/jace.15436. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.[EN] The ceramic sanitary-ware market generates large amounts of waste, both during the production process and due to construction and demolition practices. In this paper, the effect of different amounts and calcium sources (calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2, calcium aluminate cement CAC, Portland cement PC) on the alkaline activation of ceramic sanitary-ware waste (CSW) was assessed. Blended samples were activated with NaOH and sodium silicate solutions and cured for 3 and 7 days at 65°C. The maximum amount of calcium source-type added to the system varied according to its influence on the compactability of the mortars.CSW was physico-chemically characterized and the compressive strength development of activated samples was assessed on the mortars. The nature of the reaction products was analyzed in pastes, by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy and microscopic studies. The results show a great positive influence with the addition of moderate amounts of Ca(OH)2, PC and CAC on the mechanical properties. Among the typical hydrates usually observed in plain water-hydrated PC or CAC, only AH3 and a small amount of C3AH6 were identified in the alkali-activated CSW/CAC blended pastes, which indicates that Al and Ca from PC, CAC and Ca(OH)2 are taken up in the newly formed (N,C)-A-S-H or C-A-S-H gels.Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Grant/Award Number: APLIGEO BIA2015-70107-R, GEOCEDEM BIA 2011-26947; Electron Microscopy Service of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia; FEDERReig, L.; Soriano Martinez, L.; Tashima, M.; Borrachero Rosado, MV.; Monzó Balbuena, JM.; Paya Bernabeu, JJ. (2018). Influence of calcium additiions on the compressive strength and microstructure of alkali-activated ceramic sanitaryware. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 101:3094-3104. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.15436S30943104101Shi, C., Jiménez, A. F., & Palomo, A. (2011). New cements for the 21st century: The pursuit of an alternative to Portland cement. Cement and Concrete Research, 41(7), 750-763. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.03.016Halicka, A., Ogrodnik, P., & Zegardlo, B. (2013). Using ceramic sanitary ware waste as concrete aggregate. Construction and Building Materials, 48, 295-305. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.06.063Medina, C., Frías, M., & Sánchez de Rojas, M. I. (2012). Microstructure and properties of recycled concretes using ceramic sanitary ware industry waste as coarse aggregate. Construction and Building Materials, 31, 112-118. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.12.075Medina, C., Sánchez de Rojas, M. I., & Frías, M. (2012). Reuse of sanitary ceramic wastes as coarse aggregate in eco-efficient concretes. Cement and Concrete Composites, 34(1), 48-54. doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.08.015Guerra, I., Vivar, I., Llamas, B., Juan, A., & Moran, J. (2009). Eco-efficient concretes: The effects of using recycled ceramic material from sanitary installations on the mechanical properties of concrete. Waste Management, 29(2), 643-646. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2008.06.018Pacheco-Torgal, F., & Jalali, S. (2010). Reusing ceramic wastes in concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 24(5), 832-838. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.10.023Alves, A. V., Vieira, T. F., de Brito, J., & Correia, J. R. (2014). Mechanical properties of structural concrete with fine recycled ceramic aggregates. Construction and Building Materials, 64, 103-113. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.037Medina, C., Banfill, P. F. G., Sánchez de Rojas, M. I., & Frías, M. (2013). Rheological and calorimetric behaviour of cements blended with containing ceramic sanitary ware and construction/demolition waste. Construction and Building Materials, 40, 822-831. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.11.112Reig, L., Borrachero, M. V., Monzó, J. M., Savastano, H., Tashima, M. M., & Payá, J. (2015). Use of Ceramic Sanitaryware as an Alternative for the Development of New Sustainable Binders. Key Engineering Materials, 668, 172-180. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.668.172Reig L Soriano L Borrachero MV Monzó J Payá J A new binder from the alkali activation of ceramic sanitary-ware waste Proceedings of the 34th Annual Cement and Concrete Science Conference, and Workshop on Waste Cementation, Sheffield, United Kingdom 2014 291 294Reig, L., Soriano, L., Borrachero, M. V., Monzó, J., & Payá, J. (2016). Influence of calcium aluminate cement (CAC) on alkaline activation of red clay brick waste (RCBW). Cement and Concrete Composites, 65, 177-185. doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2015.10.021Arbi, K., Palomo, A., & Fernández-Jiménez, A. (2013). Alkali-activated blends of calcium aluminate cement and slag/diatomite. Ceramics International, 39(8), 9237-9245. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.05.031García-Lodeiro, I., Fernández-Jiménez, A., & Palomo, A. (2013). Variation in hybrid cements over time. Alkaline activation of fly ash–portland cement blends. Cement and Concrete Research, 52, 112-122. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.03.022Reig, L., Tashima, M. M., Soriano, L., Borrachero, M. V., Monzó, J., & Payá, J. (2013). Alkaline Activation of Ceramic Waste Materials. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 4(4), 729-736. doi:10.1007/s12649-013-9197-zReig, L., Soriano, L., Borrachero, M. V., Monzó, J., & Payá, J. (2014). Influence of the activator concentration and calcium hydroxide addition on the properties of alkali-activated porcelain stoneware. Construction and Building Materials, 63, 214-222. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.023Reig, L., Tashima, M. M., Borrachero, M. V., Monzó, J., Cheeseman, C. R., & Payá, J. (2013). Properties and microstructure of alkali-activated red clay brick waste. Construction and Building Materials, 43, 98-106. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.01.031Garcia-Lodeiro, I., Carcelen-Taboada, V., Fernández-Jiménez, A., & Palomo, A. (2016). Manufacture of hybrid cements with fly ash and bottom ash from a municipal solid waste incinerator. Construction and Building Materials, 105, 218-226. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.079Fernández-Jiménez, A., Palomo, Á., Vazquez, T., Vallepu, R., Terai, T., & Ikeda, K. (2008). Alkaline Activation of Blends of Metakaolin and Calcium Aluminate. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 91(4), 1231-1236. doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.02002.xCriado, M., Fernández-Jiménez, A., & Palomo, A. (2007). Alkali activation of fly ash: Effect of the SiO2/Na2O ratio. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 106(1-3), 180-191. doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2007.02.055Fernández-Jiménez, A., Vázquez, T., & Palomo, A. (2011). Effect of Sodium Silicate on Calcium Aluminate Cement Hydration in Highly Alkaline Media: A Microstructural Characterization. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 94(4), 1297-1303. doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.04242.xBernal, S. A., de Gutierrez, R. M., Provis, J. L., & Rose, V. (2010). Effect of silicate modulus and metakaolin incorporation on the carbonation of alkali silicate-activated slags. Cement and Concrete Research, 40(6), 898-907. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.02.003Pacewska, B., Nowacka, M., Antonovič, V., & Aleknevičius, M. (2012). Investigation of early hydration of high aluminate cement-based binder at different ambient temperatures. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 109(2), 717-726. doi:10.1007/s10973-012-2233-6Mas, M. A., Monzó, J., Payá, J., Reig, L., & Borrachero, M. V. (2016). Ceramic tiles waste as replacement material in Portland cement. Advances in Cement Research, 28(4), 221-232. doi:10.1680/jadcr.15.00021Hidalgo, A., García, J. L., Alonso, M. C., Fernández, L., & Andrade, C. (2009). Microstructure development in mixes of calcium aluminate cement with silica fume or fly ash. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 96(2), 335-345. doi:10.1007/s10973-007-8439-3Pacewska, B., Wilińska, I., & Nowacka, M. (2011). Studies on the influence of different fly ashes and Portland cement on early hydration of calcium aluminate cement. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 106(3), 859-868. doi:10.1007/s10973-011-1570-1Fernández-Carrasco, L., & Vázquez, E. (2009). Reactions of fly ash with calcium aluminate cement and calcium sulphate. Fuel, 88(9), 1533-1538. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2009.02.018Fernández-Carrasco, L., Torréns-Martín, D., & Martínez-Ramírez, S. (2012). Carbonation of ternary building cementing materials. Cement and Concrete Composites, 34(10), 1180-1186. doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.06.016García Lodeiro, I., Macphee, D. E., Palomo, A., & Fernández-Jiménez, A. (2009). Effect of alkalis on fresh C–S–H gels. FTIR analysis. Cement and Concrete Research, 39(3), 147-153. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.01.003Lavat, A. E., Trezza, M. A., & Poggi, M. (2009). Characterization of ceramic roof tile wastes as pozzolanic admixture. Waste Management, 29(5), 1666-1674. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2008.10.019Garcia-Lodeiro, I., Palomo, A., Fernández-Jiménez, A., & Macphee, D. E. (2011). Compatibility studies between N-A-S-H and C-A-S-H gels. Study in the ternary diagram Na2O–CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O. Cement and Concrete Research, 41(9), 923-931. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.05.006Fernández-Carrasco, L., & Vázquez, T. (1996). Aplicación de la espectroscopia infrarroja al estudio de cemento aluminoso. Materiales de Construcción, 46(241), 39-51. doi:10.3989/mc.1996.v46.i241.540Rees, C. A., Provis, J. L., Lukey, G. C., & van Deventer, J. S. J. (2007). Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis of Fly Ash Geopolymer Gel Aging. Langmuir, 23(15), 8170-8179. doi:10.1021/la700713gGranizo, M. L., Alonso, S., Blanco-Varela, M. T., & Palomo, A. (2004). Alkaline Activation of Metakaolin: Effect of Calcium Hydroxide in the Products of Reaction. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 85(1), 225-231. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00070.xLiu, Y., Yan, C., Qiu, X., Li, D., Wang, H., & Alshameri, A. (2016). Preparation of faujasite block from fly ash-based geopolymer via in-situ hydrothermal method. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 59, 433-439. doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2015.07.01

Family relationships, temperament and behavioural adjustment problems in pre-school children

[Resumen] Se analizan variables familiares y características personales de una muestra compuesta por alumnos de Educación Infantil como determinantes de adaptación/desadaptación en este período. Para ello hemos evaluado relaciones familiares y temperamento a través de las respuestas de padres y profesores al FES (Moos, Moos y Trickett, 1974) y al TTQ (Keogh, Pullis y Cadwell, 1982). Los resultados revelan la asociación de determinantes familiares y personales con sintolnatología extemalizante[Abstract] The contribution of temperament and family relational problems of children with extemalizing and internalizing symptoms wasstudied. The temperalment, the family relation and the behavioral symptomatology of a group of 100 children aged 3-5 were assessed by parents and teachers. Results indicated implication of the temperament and familial factors in extemalizing behavior problems

Compatibilidad de geles cementantes C-S-H y N-A-S-H: estudios en muestras reales y en polvos sintéticos

Tesis doctoral inédita. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Inorgánica. Fecha de lectura: 19-12-200

Synthetic precursor to make alkali activated cements

Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Stimulation of adhesiveness, infectivity, and competitiveness for nodulation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum by its pretreatment with soybean seed lectin

Soybean seed lectin stimulates adsorption of Bradyrhizobium japonicum to its host roots. Pretreatment of the rhizobia with soybean seed lectin for at least 6-12 h previous to their interaction with the plants was required to detect the stimulatory effect. This activity could be observed with as few as 1000 soybean seed lectin molecules per bacterium, and required specific carbohydrate binding. Infectivity and competitiveness for nodulation were also stimulated by preincubation of the rhizobia either with soybean seed meal extract or soybean seed lectin, the extract being more effective in enhancing competitiveness.Instituto de Biotecnologia y Biologia MolecularFacultad de Ciencias Exacta

Improved soybean root association of N-starved Bradyrhizobium japonicum

In this study, we addressed the effects of N limitation in Bradyrhizobium japonicum for its association with soybean roots. The wild-type strain LP 3001 grew for six generations with a growth rate of 1.2 day-1 in a minimal medium with 28 mM mannitol as the carbon source and with the N source [(NH4)2SO4] limited to only 20 μM. Under these conditions, the glutamine synthetase (GS) activity was five to six times higher than in similar cultures grown with 1 or 0.1 mM (NH4)2SO4. The NtrBC-inducible GSII form of this enzyme accounted for 60% of the specific activity in N-starved rhizobia, being negligible in the other two cultures. The exopolysaccharide (EPS) and capsular polysaccharide (CPS) contents relative to cell protein were significantly higher in the N-starved cultures, but on the other hand, the poly-3-hydroxybutyrate level did not rise in comparison with N-sufficient cultures. In agreement with the accumulation of CPS in N-starved cultures, soybean lectin (SBL) binding as well as stimulation of rhizobial adsorption to soybean roots by SBL pretreatment were higher. The last effect was evident only in cultures that had not entered stationary phase. We also studied nodC gene induction in relation to N starvation. In the chromosomal nodC::lacZ fusion Bj110-573, nodC gene expression was induced by genistein 2.7-fold more in N-starved young cultures than in nonstarved ones. In stationary-phase cultures, nodC gene expression was similarly induced in N-limited cultures, but induction was negligible in cultures limited by another nutrient. Nodulation profiles obtained with strain LP 3001 grown under N starvation indicated that these cultures nodulated faster. In addition, as culture age increased, the nodulation efficiency decreased for two reasons: fewer nodules were formed, and nodulation was delayed. However, their relative importance was different according to the nutrient condition: in older cultures the overall decrease in the number of nodules was the main effect in N-starved cultures, whereas a delay in nodulation was more responsible for a loss in efficiency of N-sufficient cultures. Competition for nodulation was studied with young cultures of two wild-type strains differing only in their antibiotic resistance, the N-starved cultures being the most competitive.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

Stimulation of adhesiveness, infectivity, and competitiveness for nodulation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum by its pretreatment with soybean seed lectin

Soybean seed lectin stimulates adsorption of Bradyrhizobium japonicum to its host roots. Pretreatment of the rhizobia with soybean seed lectin for at least 6-12 h previous to their interaction with the plants was required to detect the stimulatory effect. This activity could be observed with as few as 1000 soybean seed lectin molecules per bacterium, and required specific carbohydrate binding. Infectivity and competitiveness for nodulation were also stimulated by preincubation of the rhizobia either with soybean seed meal extract or soybean seed lectin, the extract being more effective in enhancing competitiveness.Instituto de Biotecnologia y Biologia MolecularFacultad de Ciencias Exacta

Influence of the activator concentration and calcium hydroxide addition on the properties of alkali-activated porcelain stoneware

Objective The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of the alkali activator concentration and calcium dosage on the fresh behavior, compressive strength and microstructure of the binder produced by the alkali activation of porcelain stoneware waste, using NaOH and sodium silicate solution as activators. Materials Porcelain stoneware waste, NaOH and sodium silicate. Method Tested properties of mortars were the compressive strength and the setting times. Thermogravimetric analyses, microscopic studies, pH measurements, XRD and FTIR tests were used to assess the evolution of the microstructure developed. Results The results show that the activator concentration and calcium to sodium molar ratio strongly influence the fresh behavior and the hardening process of mortars. A linear evolution of compressive strength with sodium addition was observed when keeping the SiO2 concentration constant. Mortar samples with up to 36 MPa under compression were obtained after curing for 7 days at 65 °C.The authors are grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for supporting this study through Project GEOCEDEM BIA 2011-26947, and to FEDER funding.Reig Cerdá, L.; Soriano Martínez, L.; Borrachero Rosado, MV.; Monzó Balbuena, JM.; Paya Bernabeu, JJ. (2014). Influence of the activator concentration and calcium hydroxide addition on the properties of alkali-activated porcelain stoneware. Construction and Building Materials. 63:214-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.023S2142226

Influence of colloid suspensions of humic acids on the alkaline hydrolysis of N-methyl-N-nitroso-p-toluene sulfonamide

The influence of humic substances (HSs) upon the alkaline hydrolysis of N-methyl-N-nitroso-p-toluene sulfonamide has been studied. Important inhibition of hydrolysis reaction has been reported. This inhibition has been explained in terms of association of reactants to the humic substances. Kinetic results have been modeled using the micellar pseudophase model. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Fil: Astray, G.. Universidad de Vigo; EspañaFil: García Río, L.. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; EspañaFil: Lodeiro, Anibal. Universidad de Vigo; EspañaFil: Mejuto, Juan Carlos. Universidad de Vigo; EspañaFil: Moldes, O.. Universidad de Vigo; EspañaFil: Morales, J.. Universidad de Vigo; EspañaFil: Moyano, Fernando. Universidad de Vigo; España. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud; Argentin

Logopedia

[Resumen] La realización de este proyecto responde a la necesidad de dar información relevan-te para las familias y los pacientes con Esclerosis Múltiple así como a la población en general. Los logopedas, como profesionales que interactúan e intervienen con personas con Esclerosis Múltiple, pueden ayudar desde el momento de diagnóstico de la enfermedad para que las consecuencias sobre las áreas de fonación, articu-lación y deglución se minimicen o al menos, se ralenticen significativamente. Por la importancia de la intervención temprana sobre las dificultades, damos a los pacientes, las familias y la población en general, las claves para saber cuándo consultar con dichos profesionales; de ahí, lo expuesto en la guía. Debemos tener en cuenta que los trastornos adquiridos con la enfermedad tendrán repercusión sobre la vida diaria y la calidad de vida de las personas afectadas, por lo que el objetivo último de la intervención logopédica será precisamente reducir dicha repercusión y mejorar la calidad de vida, tanto a nivel social como personal.[Resumo] A realización deste proxecto responde á necesidade de proporcionar información relevante para as familias e os pacientes con EM (esclerose múltiple) así como á poboación en xeral. Os logopedas, como profesionais que interactúan e inter-veñen con persoas con EM, poden axudar dende o momento de diagnóstico da enfermidade para que as consecuencias sobre as áreas de fonación, articulación e deglutición se minimicen ou polo menos, se ralenticen significativamente. Pola importancia da intervención temperá sobre as dificultades, damos aos pacientes, ás familias e a poboación en xeral, as claves para saber cando consultar con ditos profesionais; de aí, o exposto na guía. Debemos ter en conta que os trastornos adquiridos coa enfermidade terán repercusión sobre a vida diaria e a cualidade de vida das persoas afectadas, polo que o obxectivo último da intervención logo-pédica será precisamente reducir dita repercusión e mellorar a cualidade de vida, tanto a nivel social como persoal