Micro-systèmes et contrôle d'écoulements

Les micro-systèmes magnéto-mécaniques présentent des possibilités intéressantes en matière de contrôle d'écoulements. Ils permettent de remplir les cahiers des charges des constructeurs aéronautiques ou automobiles. Ils sont également plus facilement intégrables sur les prototypes que les MEMS issus de microtechnologies entièrement intégrées. On présentera quelques tests en soufflerie. Les effets sur les écoulements seront discutés et les perspectives tracées

Impacto de las rentabilidades históricas en el comportamiento de los inversores de Fondos de Inversión

El objetivo del trabajo es estudiar el comportamiento de los inversores ante los datos de rentabilidad pasada según categorías de fondos de inversión y ver cómo sus movimientos entre categorías se ven afectados por esta variable. Comenzaremos por contextualizar el estudio explicando el funcionamiento y características de los fondos de inversión, así como su evolución en el tiempo ante los diferentes factores estudiados. A continuación explicaremos la Teoría Moderna de Carteras de Markowitz (1952) en la que se defiende que la rentabilidad y el riesgo son las variables que hacen que los partícipes tomen decisiones acerca de sus inversiones. Por otro lado daremos explicación a teorías más recientes relacionadas con las Finanzas del Comportamiento (“Behavioral Finance”) que cuestionan la teoría del inversor racional intentando explicar que el ser humano es mucho más complejo y se mueve por una gran variedad de factores además de la rentabilidad y el riesgo. Centrándonos en la rentabilidad y partícipes comentaremos los datos recabados para nuestro estudio para posteriormente en un apartado de análisis empírico mostrar los resultados conseguidos con esos datos explicando la metodología utilizada. Finalmente comentaremos nuestras conclusiones en las que podremos ver periodos en los que los partícipes dan bastante importancia a la rentabilidad a la hora de moverse entre las diferentes categorías de fondos, y momentos en los que incluso a mayor rentabilidad pasada, menor aumento de inversores

La diabetes mellitus. Herramienta para la toma de decisiones compartidas en la diabetes mellitus tipo II

La Diabetes es una enfermedad crónica y prevalente, que tiene un desarrollo gradual ypara cuyo control son esenciales el consejo y la guía del personal sanitario, junto conla atención del paciente. Por lo tanto, resulta imprescindible que el paciente conozcay entienda su patología junto con las opciones para su tratamiento, cómo afecta a sucalidad de vida, así como que pueda valorar sus propias preferencias y sepa dónde hade buscar información. Se ha elaborado una herramienta de ayuda con el objetivo deproporcionar información sobre las diferentes opciones de tratamiento, de manera quefacilite la reflexión y la discusión conjunta con el profesional. El resultado ha sido la creaciónde un tríptico. En conclusión, se ha conseguido implementar un instrumento deayuda para que los pacientes conozcan más detalladamente acerca de su patología ypuedan tomar decisiones compartidas con el profesional sanitario según sus preferencias,aumentando la confianza en el sistema de salud y la adherencia al tratamiento.Diabetes is a chronic and prevalent disease, which has a gradual development andfor its control are essential advice and guidance of health personal, together with thepatient’s attention. Therefore, it is imperative that the patient knows and understands their pathology along with the options for their treatment, how it affects their quality oflife, as well as being able to value their own preferences and look for where to look forinformation. An aid tool has been developed with the objective of providing informationon the different treatment options, so as to facilitate reflection and joint discussion withthe professional. The result has been the creation of a triptych. In conclusion, an instrumenthas been implemented to help patients to know more about their pathology andto make decisions that are shared with the healthcare professional according to theirpreferences, increasing confidence in the health system and adherence to treatment

Thermal energy conversion by coupled shape memory and piezoelectric effects

International audienceThis work gives experimental evidence of a promising method of thermal-to-electric energy conversion by coupling shape memory effect (SME) and direct piezoelectric effect (DPE) for harvesting quasi-static ambient temperature variations. Two original prototypes of thermal energy harvesters have been fabricated and tested experimentally. The first is a hybrid laminated composite consisting of TiNiCu shape memory alloy (SMA) and macro fiber composite piezoelectric. This composite comprises 0.1 cm3 of active materials and harvests 75 µJ of energy for each temperature variation of 60 °C. The second prototype is a SME/DPE 'machine' which uses the thermally induced linear strains of the SMA to bend a bulk PZT ceramic plate through a specially designed mechanical structure. The SME/DPE 'machine' with 0.2 cm3 of active material harvests 90 µJ over a temperature increase of 35 °C (60 µJ when cooling). In contrast to pyroelectric materials, such harvesters are also compatible with both small and slow temperature variations

Diagnosing infection with small ruminant lentiviruses of genotypes A and B by combining synthetic peptides in ELISA

The major challenges in diagnosing small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infection include early detection and genotyping of strains of epidemiological interest. A longitudinal study was carried out in Rasa Aragonesa sheep experimentally infected with viral strains of genotypes A or B from Spanish neurological and arthritic SRLV outbreaks, respectively. Sera were tested with two commercial ELISAs, three based on specific peptides and a novel combined peptide ELISA. Three different PCR assays were used to further assess infection status.The kinetics of anti-viral antibody responses were variable, with early diagnosis dependent on the type of ELISA used. Peptide epitopes of SRLV genotypes A and B combined in the same ELISA well enhanced the overall detection rate, whereas single peptides were useful for genotyping the infecting strain (A vs. B). The results of the study suggest that a combined peptide ELISA can be used for serological diagnosis of SRLV infection, with single peptide ELISAs useful for subsequent serotyping.Funded by CICYT (AGL2010-22341-C04-01 and AGL2013-49137-C3-1R) and Navarra's Government (IIQ010449.RI1 and IIQ14064.RI1). L. Sanjosé was a FPI-fellow of the Spanish MINECO and R. Reina had a contract of the Public University of Navarra.Peer Reviewe

Prevalence of salivary Epstein-Barr virus in potentially malignant oral disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma

Background: To analyze the presence of salivary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma and potentially malignant oral disorders. Material and Methods: Three groups were studied: Group 1 (12 oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC)), Group 2 (12 potentially malignant oral disorders (PMD)) and Group 3 (47 healthy controls). EBV DNA salivary analysis was performed by PCR. Results: The highest percentage of positive salivary EBV DNA corresponded to the OSCC group (58.3%), followed by the PMD group (41.7%) and the controls (40.4%). The differences between groups were not statistically significant, however (p>0.05). Conclusions: Salivary EBV DNA was more prevalent in OSCC than in PMD or the controls

ERK5/BMK1 is a novel target of the tumor suppressor VHL: implication in clear cell renal carcinoma

Hi ha quatre pàgines de material suplementari sense numeracióExtracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), also known as big mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1, is implicated in a wide range of biologic processes, which include proliferation or vascularization. Here, we show that ERK5 is degraded through the ubiquitin-proteasome system, in a process mediated by the tumor suppressor von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene, through a prolyl hydroxylation-dependent mechanism. Our conclusions derive from transient transfection assays in Cos7 cells, as well as the study of endogenous ERK5 in different experimental systems such as MCF7, HMEC, or Caki-2 cell lines. In fact, the specific knockdown of ERK5 in pVHL-negative cell lines promotes a decrease in proliferation and migration, supporting the role of this MAPK in cellular transformation. Furthermore, in a short series of fresh samples from human clear cell renal cell carcinoma, high levels of ERK5 correlate with more aggressive and metastatic stages of the disease. Therefore, our results provide new biochemical data suggesting that ERK5 is a novel target of the tumor suppressor VHL, opening a new field of research on the role of ERK5 in renal carcinomas

New insights in ovien Asia Syndrome: Clinicopathological changes in experimentally induced animals

Trabajo presentado en el 10th International Congress on Autoimmunity, celebrado en Leipzig (Alemania), del 6 al 10 de abril de 2016Ovine Autoimmune/inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants (ASIA syndrome) is a disease linked to the repetitive stimulation of the immune system by vaccines, especially those containing aluminium as adjuvant. The syndrome includes two clinical distinct phases: Acute, with severe neurological symptoms and chronic, with extreme cachexia leading to death. An experimental reproduction of the syndrome (286 dpi to 1 December 2015) is currently being performed in 84 three months old (at the beginning of the experiment) male sheep, that are divided into 3 groups (n=28), a: commercial vaccines containing aluminium adjuvant; b: aluminium adjuvant alone and c: PBS. Group “a” is being repetitively inoculated with commercial vaccines and group “b” receives the adjuvant alone in with the same amount/dose of Al3+. So far, a total of 13 inoculations have been applied and a total of 32.05 mg of Al3+ inoculated in groups “a” and “b”. Periodic complete clinic examination of all animals is being carried out. A cohort (n=7 lambs of each group) is being studied for behavior and social relationship by using 24 h recordings and open field and t-maze tests. Clinical studies do not show any significant difference among groups. However, a tendency in decreasing body weight is already observed in lambs from group a. In addition, lambs from group a and b show discrete behavioral changes, as compulsive wool biting and generalized restlessness. The experiment will be maintained for at least another 6 months and it will be completed with furthers clinic and behavioral tests and postmortem studies.Peer reviewe

Propuesta internacional para la creación de una asignatura obligatoria de mediación y resolución colaborativa de conflictos para el grado de Trabajo Social y otros grados afines

El presente proyecto tiene como principal objetivo la elaboración una propuesta para la creación de una asignatura de mediación y resolución colaborativa de conflictos que pueda ser aplicada en diversos países, áreas de conocimiento y titulaciones, pero de forma específica en el grado en Trabajo Social de la UCM

Tratamientos psicológicos empíricamente apoyados para adultos: Una revisión selectiva

Antecedentes: los tratamientos psicológicos han mostrado su eficacia, efectividad y eficiencia para el abordaje de los trastornos mentales; no obstante, considerando el conocimiento científico generado en los últimos años, no se dispone de trabajos de actualización en español sobre cuáles son los tratamientos psicológicos con respaldo empírico. El objetivo fue realizar una revisión selectiva de los principales tratamientos psicológicos empíricamente apoyados para el abordaje de trastornos mentales en personas adultas. Método: se recogen niveles de evidencia y grados de recomendación en función de los criterios propuestos por el Sistema Nacional de Salud de España (en las Guías de Práctica Clínica) para diferentes trastornos psicológicos. Resultados: los resultados sugieren que los tratamientos psicológicos disponen de apoyo empírico para el abordaje de un amplio elenco de trastornos psicológicos. El grado de apoyo empírico oscila de bajo a alto en función del trastorno psicológico analizado. La revisión sugiere que ciertos campos de intervención necesitan una mayor investigación. Conclusiones: a partir de esta revisión selectiva, los profesionales de la psicología podrán disponer de información rigurosa y actualizada que les permita tomar decisiones informadas a la hora de implementar aquellos procedimientos psicoterapéuticos empíricamente fundamentados en función de las características de las personas que demandan ayuda. Background: Psychological treatments have shown their efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency in dealing with mental disorders. However, considering the scientific knowledge generated in recent years, in the Spanish context, there are no updating studies about empirically supported psychological treatments. The main goal was to carry out a selective review of the main empirically supported psychological treatments for mental disorders in adults. Method: Levels of evidence and degrees of recommendation were collected based on the criteria proposed by the Spanish National Health System (Clinical Practice Guidelines) for different psychological disorders. Results: The results indicate that psychological treatments have empirical support for the approach to a wide range of psychological disorders. These levels of empirical evidence gathered range from low to high depending on the psychological disorder analysed. The review indicates the existence of certain fields of intervention that need further investigation. Conclusions: Based on this selective review, psychology professionals will be able to have rigorous, up-to-date information that allows them to make informed decisions when implementing empirically based psychotherapeutic procedures based on the characteristics of the people who require help