Activities Written by Prospective Primary Teachers on Realistic Mathematics Education

It is important for students to connect with real life in mathematics courses. The aim of this study is to investigate the activities which are written by prospective primary school teachers in the context of Realistic Mathematics Education. This research is a case study of which data were collected by qualitative methods. The participants of the research included 81 prospective primary teachers who are junior students attended primary teacher department. It was asked them to write an activity suitable for primary mathematics curriculum by considering Realistic Mathematics Education principles. They were given one month to write the activities. The activities written by prospective teachers analyzed by descriptive methods in terms of learning domains, types of context and principles of Realistic Mathematics Education. Totally 36 activities were written by prospective teachers. Based on the analysis, it was observed that not all the contexts were exactly real life contexts. It was determined that prospective teacher could not distinguish routine word problems from real life problems. It can be said that theoretical knowledge of Realistic Mathematics Education is inadequate for writing activities and prospective primary teachers need to practice on writing activities regarding the mentioned theory

THE EXAMINATION OF PREDICTING FACTORS OF PERCEIVED STRESS OF PARENTS WITH MENTAL RETARDED CHILDREN

Bu araştırmada, çocuk ve aile ile ilgili bazı değişkenlere göre sosyal destek, evlilik uyumu, ailede çocukla ilgili iş bölümünün, 6-12 yaşları arasındaki zihinsel engelli çocuklara sahip ebeveynlerin yaşamlarında algıladıkları stresin önemli yordayıcıları olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Araştırma örneklemini 6-12 yaşları arasındaki zihinsel engelli çocuklara sahip 200 ebeveyn (124 anne, 76 baba) oluşturmuştur. Araştırmaya katılan ebeveynlerin stres algıları "Algılanan Stres Ölçeği" , sosyal destek algıları, "Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği", evlilik uyumları "Evlilikte Uyum Ölçeği" , çocuk ile ebeveynlerin bazı kişisel, demografik bilgileri de araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen "Kişisel Bilgi Formu" aracılığıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Regresyon analizi sonuçları, evlilik uyumunun bağımlı değişkenin tek anlamlı yordayıcısı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Sosyal destek ve çocukla ilgili işbölümü değişkenlerinin zihinsel engelli çocuklara sahip ebeveynlerin algıladıkları stresin anlamlı yordayıcıları olmadığı saptanmıştır. This study is designed to determine, according to some variables, the role of social support, marital adjustment and child-related division of labor in predicting stress of parents with mentally retarded children between the ages of 6-12. The sample of the research consisted of 200 parents (124 mothers, 76 fathers) having mentally retarded children aged between 6-12. Participants were administered three self-report questionnaires in order to assess perceived stress of parents (Perceived Stress Questionnaire), perceived social support of parents (Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Questionnaire), and marital adjustment (Marital Adjustment Questionnaire). In addition, personal and demographic information about children and parents were obtained by using a demographic form developed by the researcher. Results of the regression analyses revealed that marital adjustment was the only significant predictor among the independent variables. Neither social support nor child related labor of division were significant predictors of perceived stress of parents with mentally retarded child/children

Investigation of anastomoses between coronary arteries in Akkaraman sheep by plastic injection and corrosion method

Since it is critical to understand the anatomy of the coronary arteries and the anastomoses between them in Akkaraman sheep, the coronary arteries will be examined using a plastic injection and corrosion technique. In our investigation, researchers used 20 Akkaraman sheep's hearts collected from slaughterhouses in and near Kayseri, and hearts from animals aged 2-3 years were included. The anatomy of the coronary arteries of the hearts was studied by plastic injection and corrosion method. The macroscopically examined patterns of the excised coronary arteries were photographed and recorded. This approach indicated arterial vascularization of the heart in sheep, with a. coronaria dextra and a. coronaria sinistra developing from the commencement of the aorta. It was determined that a. coronaria sinistra, after leaving the initial part of the aorta, proceeds to the left and divides into two branches called r. interventricularis paraconalis and r. circumflexus sinister, forming a right angle between them, immediately after reaching the sulcus coronarius. Anastomosis of the branches of r. distalis atrii dextri with the branches of r. intermedius atrii dextri and r. ventriculi dextri; anastomosis of a thin branch separated from r. proximalis atrii sinistri with the branch of r. proximalis atrii dextri running in the initial part of the aorta; anastomosis of r. distalis atrii sinistri with r. intermedius atrii sinistri were detected. In one heart, the r. septalis protruded roughly 0.2 cm from the beginning of a. coronaria sinistra

The effects of dietary flavonoid supplementation on the antioxidant status of laying hens

Department of Science Research Project at Artvin Coruh UniversityNinety-six 28-week-old Lohmann White laying hens were utilized to test the antioxidant effects of flavonoids (hesperidin, naringin, and quercetin at 0.5 g/kg diet) during an 8-wk experimental period. At the end of the experiment blood samples were collected to determine total protein, cholesterol, and malondialdehyde (MDA) serum levels as well as activities of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and level of glutathione (GSH) in erythrocyte lysates. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Naringin supplementation did not alter serum cholesterol concentration, whereas hesperidin and quercetin supplementations decreased serum cholesterol concentration. Naringin and quercetin supplementations did not affect serum protein concentration. All flavonoids decreased MDA concentration as well as increased GSH-Px, GR, GST, and SOD activities and GSH level, being quercetion superior to hesperidin and naringin. In conclusion, flavonoids, especially quercetin, exert antioxidant activity, which may help improve wellbeing when laying hens are exposed to stressors

A retrospective evaluation of bifid mandibular canal prevalence of Southeastern Anatolia population by cone-beam computed tomography

Introduction: Bifid mandibular canal (BMC) is often detected incidentally on radiological examination and can be observed in unilateral or bilateral forms. The correct localization of the BMC plays an important role in the prevention of complications such as paresthesia, anesthesia, bleeding, traumatic neuroma, which may occur during or after surgical operations on the mandible such as sagittal split ramus osteotomy, impacted third molar tooth extraction, and dental implant surgery. Objective: This study aims to retrospectively evaluate the prevalence of bifid mandibular canal (BMC) in the Southeastern Anatolian population via Conical Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Material and Method: In this retrospective study, CBCT images of 615 patients, who applied to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in the Faculty of Dentistry at Dicle University, Turkey, for various reasons from 2015 to 2020, is evaluated and cases with bifid mandibular canals are examined. The prevalence evaluation is conducted by statistical analyses in terms of sex and laterality. Results: According to the analyses, the BMC prevalence did not constitute a significant difference in terms of the age variable (p>0.05). The incidence of unilateral BMC was higher than bilateral BMC (p<0.05; p=0.016). Additionally, the prevalence of BMC was higher in males compared to females (p<0.05; p=0.008). Conclusion: BMC, which can be detected more easily and frequently via CBCT technology, is an anatomical formation that should be taken into account during oral and maxillofacial practices

Öz Düzenleme Becerilerinin Öğretmen Çocuk Etkileşiminin Niteliğine Göre İncelenmesi

Aim of this research is to examine children’s self-regulation skills according to teacher-child interaction quality. For this purpose; 30 classes, which were determined randomly from central districts of Ankara, were assessed with Classroom Assessment Scoring System. 4 classes were selected according to quality level of teacher-child interaction (2 high, 2 low). Children’s self-regulation skills were assessed with Preschool Self-Regulation Assessment tasks in these 4 classrooms. Results of the study show that teacher-child interaction quality level had a significant difference on children’s executive functioning scores that is a part of self-regulation. But it had no significant difference on children’s social competence and inhibitory control skills.Araştırmanın amacı; okul öncesi dönemdeki çocukların öz düzenleme becerilerini öğretmen çocuk arasındaki etkileşimin niteliğine göre incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda; Ankara İli merkez ilçelerinden rastgele örnekleme ile belirlenen 30 sınıf, Sınıf Değerlendirme Puanlama Aracı (SDPA) ile değerlendirilmiş ve öğretmen çocuk etkileşiminin yüksek ve düşük nitelikte olan 4 sınıf belirlenmiştir. Bu dört sınıftaki 80 çocuğun öz düzenleme becerileri Okul Öncesi Öz düzenleme Ölçeği (OÖDÖ) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları incelendiğinde, çocukların öz düzenleme becerilerinin bir parçası olan yürütücü işlev becerilerinde öğretmen çocuk etkileşiminin niteliğine göre anlamlı bir fark olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bu farka sosyal uyum ve hazzı erteleme becerilerinde rastlanmamıştır

The Effects of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant (Ozurdex®) on Intraocular Pressure and Anterior Chamber Angle

Amaç: İntravitreal deksametazon enjeksiyonunun göz içi basıncı (GİB) ve ön kamara açısı (ÖKA) üzerine etkisini incelemek. Gereç ve Yöntem: Otuz sekiz hastanın 40 gözü incelendi. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 61.39 yıl (aralık: 36-83) olup, %63.2’i kadın, %36.8’i erkekti. %70'i retina ven tıkanıklığı, %20’i diabet, %7.5‘i arka üveit ve %2.5’i psödofakik makula ödemi olgusuydu. GİB Goldmann ap- lanasyon tonometresi ile ölçüldü. GİB ve gonyoskopik muayene enjeksiyondan önce ve enjeksiyondan sonra 1.hafta, 1. 3. ve 6. aylarda ölçüldü. Spektral domain optik koherans tomografi (OKT) enjeksiyon öncesi ve sonrası 1. ay, 3. ay ve 6. ay da üst, nazal, alt, temporal kad- ranlardan alındı. OKT ile ön kamara açı derecesi (ÖKA), trabeküler iris yüzey alanı (TIYA500) ve açı açılma mesafesi (AAM500) ölçüldü. Bulgular: Enjeksiyon yapılan gözlerin GİB'ı enjeksiyon öncesi, enjeksiyon sonrası 1. hafta, 1. ve 3. aylardakine göre anlamlı düşük sap- tandı (sırasıyla p= 0.004, p= 0.002, p= 0.003). Enjeksiyon sonrası 6. ay ile enjeksiyon öncesi arasında ortalama GİB değerleri açısından anlamlı fark izlenmedi. Nazal kadranda enjeksiyon öncesi ve sonrası 1. haftadaki gonyoskopik derece, enjeksiyon sonrası 3. ve 6. aylara göre anlamlı yüksek saptandı (p= 0.007, p= 0,006; p= 0.008, p= 0,008). Gonyoskopide diğer kadranlarda anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Nazal kadranda OKT-ÖKA'nın enjeksiyon sonrası 3. ve 6. aydaki değerleri, enjeksiyon öncesi ve sonrası 1. aya göre anlamlı dar saptandı (p= 0.008, p= 0,008; p= 0.009, p= 0,008). Üst kadranda göz kapağı güvenilir ölçüm alınmasına engel olmuştur. Uygulama yapılan gözlerin alt kadran 3. ve 6. aylardaki OKT-AAM500 ve TİYA500 sonucu enjeksiyon öncesinden anlamlı olarak düşük saptanmıştır (p= 0.002, p= 0.004; p= 0.005, p= 0.001). Sonuç: İntravitreal deksametazon enjeksiyonu sonrası göz içi basıncı artabilir fakat çoğu olguda medikal tedaviyle kontrol altına alınabilir. Enjeksiyon sonrası gonyoskopide ve OKT’de bazı kadranlarda ön kamara açısında daralma olabilir.Purpose: To investigate the effects of intravitreal dexamethasone injection on intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior chamber angle (ACA). Materials and Methods: Forty eyes of 38 patients were studied. The mean age of the patients was 61.39 years (range: 36-83), 63.2% female and 36.8% male. 70% were retinal vein occlusion, 20% were diabetic, 7.5% were posterior uveitis and 2.5% were pseudophakic macular edema. IOP was measured by Goldman applanation tonometry. IOP and gonioscopic examination were performed before and after injection on the 1st week 1st, 3rd, and 6th months. Spectral domain optic coherence tomography (OCT) was performed on the superior, nasal, inferior, temporal quadrants before and after injection on the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months. Anterior chamber angle (ACA), trabecular iris surface area (TISA500) and angle opening distance (AOD500) were measured by OCT

Antioxidant role of melatonin against nicotine’s teratogenic effects on embryonic bone development

Objective(s): This study investigated the possible effects of low (3 mg/kg) and high (6 mg/kg) doses of nicotine on the skeletal development of rat fetuses by the double staining method and the protective role of melatonin (10 mg/kg) against these effects.Materials and Methods: Eighteen adult female Wistar-Albino rats were divided into six groups (n=3, each) as control, low-dose nicotine, high-dose nicotine, low-dose nicotine+melatonin, high-dose nicotine + melatonin and melatonin. While nicotine was given to the experimental groups on gestation days 1–20, nicotine and melatonin were administered together to the treatment groups. The fetuses were delivered by cesarean section on the 20th day of pregnancy. The skeletal systems of the fetuses were stained using the double staining method. The forelimbs and hindlimbs of the fetuses were firstly investigated under a stereomicroscope, and then their photos were taken. The total bone length, the length of the ossified part and the ossification rate were calculated using the ImageJ program.Results: The degree of ossification in the bones of the feet and the hands was determined. When the total bone length and the length of the ossified part were evaluated, they were significantly decreased in the nicotine groups (

The Translatıon And Analysıs Of Mesalık El-Ebsâr Fı-Memâlık Elemsar (The Fırst Perıod Of The Government Mamluks/1301-1349)

XIV. ve XV. asırlar İslâm tarihçiliğinin Memlûk Türk Devleti teşkilâtı, coğrafyası ve idârî müesseseleri ile ilgili en mühim yapıtlarından birisi, Şehâbeddin Fazlullah el-Ömerî'nin kaleme aldığı Mesâlikü'l-Ebsâr fî-Memâliki'l-Emsâr adlı yirmi yedi ciltlik ansiklopedik eserdir. El-Ömerî, görevi icâbı elinde bulunan muazzam hazineyi işleyerek, anlatısındaki temayı Memlûk Devleti mekanizmasına şekil veren temel müessese ve usullere dayandırmıştır. Mısır ve Şam merkezli Memlûk Devleti coğrafyasının bitki-hayvanları, madenleri gibi karakterize olmuş literatürü ve ekonomik hayatının aynası olmuş yapıyı kullanılmış olan paralar ve sultanlığın gelirleri çerçevesinde tafsilatlı bir surette sunmuştur. Topografik ve tarihi verinin sağlam bir malumatla yorumlandığı bu yapıtın ağırlık merkezini Memlûk Devleti teşkilâtı ve coğrafyasının oluşturduğu Devletü'l-Memâliki'l-Evvel kısmını Arapça'dan Türkçe'ye tercüme etmiş bulunmaktayız. Bu çalışmamız ile Memlûk Devleti'nin, Selçuklu Devleti ve Eyyûbî Devleti'nden devraldığı Türk devlet geleneğini sağlam temellere oturtmuş olduğu sonucuna vardık. Çünkü Memlûk Türk devleti idârî müessesesini oluşturan sultanlıktaki vazife erbâbı, dîvânlar, askerler ve posta teşkilâtı ile Memlûk sultanının muhtelif vesilelerle düzenlediği merasimler, sunduğu taltifler, verdiği ziyafetler ve sosyal hayatın vazgeçilmez unsurları olan çevgân/kürre oynama, ava çıkma, ata binme, bayramların kutlanması gibi usûl-gelenek adına bir devletin sahip olduğu tüm yapı, devraldığı ve geliştirdiği devlet yapısının mahsûlüdür. Bizler ise mühim bir dönemi aydınlığa kavuşturan bu yapıtı ilim dünyasının hizmetine yapmış olduğumuz Mesâlikü'l- Ebsâr fî-Memâliki'l-Emsâr (Devlet-i Memâliki'l-Ûlâ Kısmı/1301-1349) Tercüme ve Tahlili adlı bu çalışma ile sunmaya gayret ettik.XIV. and XV. centuries is one of the most important works of Islamic history related to the Mamluk Turkish state organization, geography and administrative structures. It is a twenty seven-volume encyclopedic work called Mesalik el-Ebsar fi-Memalik el-Emsar which was received by Şehâbeddin Fazlullah el-Omeri's task was based on the basic institutions and methods that shaped the mamluk state mechanism by exploiting tremendous treasure in the hands of the treasurer. The Egyptian and Mamluk-based Mamluk government has presented in detail the literatüre of the geography of plants-animals and mines and the incomes of the money and the sultanate which have been made in the same waay as the economic life. The topographic and historical interpretation of this work, which is interpreted with solid information, is the center of gravity of the Mamluk State and its constitution and geography, we have converted the first state of Mamluk State section from Arabic to Turkish. As a result of this study we have established the basis of the Turkish state took over from the Seljuk state and Ayyubid state. Because of the traditions such as playing ceremony, climbing, horse riding, celebration of holidays, which are the indispensable elements of social life, the ceremonies that the Mamluk sultan has organized with various occasions, the taltifs gives, the banquets gives and the postal organization that constitues the administrative institution of the Mamluk Turkish state. The whole structure a state has, the state structure it inherits and develops. We have tried to present this work with the translation and analysis of the Mesalik el-Ebsar fi-Memalik el-Emsar which we have made this work which brings back an important period to the world of science