A practice for nursing students to understand a patient through his book of struggling against disabilities due to cervical injury

Thirty-nine nursing students in their third year were required to read a book written by a male patient struggling against disabilities due to cervical injury for nine years in the hospital and to report their impressions during their clinical practice. The contents of their reports were classified to four categories, that is understanding, helping care, nursing attitude for the patients and problems for the students themselves. The most frequent descriptions were made about understanding the patients, especially about his affliction caused by psychological feeling of his handicaps. The subsequent frequent descriptions were concerning the care of the patients such as importance to improve his residual function and necessity of team work care for the purpose. Doscriptions about nursing attitude were followed. This method was helpful for understanding the situation of a patient and for practicing nursing processes to respond to the patient's needs

Thailandepsin A

Thailandepsin A [systematic name: (E)-(1S,5S,6R,9S,20R)-6-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-5-hy­droxy-20-[2-(meth­yl­sulfan­yl)eth­yl]-2-oxa-11,12-dithia-7,19,22-triaza­bicyclo­[7.7.6]docosa-15-ene-3,8,18,21-tetra­one], C23H37N3O6S3, is a newly reported [Wang et al. (2011). J. Nat. Prod. doi:10.1021/np200324x] bicyclic depsipeptide that has potent histone deacetyl­ase inhibitory activity and broad-spectrum anti­proliferative activity. The absolute configuration of thailandepsin A has been determined from the anomalous dispersion and the stereochemistry of all chiral C atoms. Intra­molecular N—H⋯O and N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds occur. Inter­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed in the crystal structure

Proper Dissemination of Information to Improve People Awareness on Flood Disaster: A Case Study of 2011 Flood in Thailand

The study aims are to investigate the people perception on flood response, flood awareness and information dissemination during 2011 flood, to discuss the proper information needed for flood preparedness, and to understand drinking water preferences during emergency periods. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information on flood awareness and preparedness from the people residing in a suburb of Bangkok that was one of the most severely affected areas. Results showed that more than 90% of public realized the necessity of flood awareness. Flood risk perception level was positively correlated with age. There were gender differrences in priority flood responses; males were more concerned about electrocution while women were more concerned over damage to household property. More than 40% of respondents gave lower priority to electricity cutoffs during the flood. This perception of knowledge could lead to life-threatening damage. Television was found to be the most effective channel for disseminating flood information (58%) due to its reliability, transparency, and promptness. However, its popularity was slightly reduced during flood, most likely due to electricity shortages. For the younger generation, TV and internet are the most powerful tools, while older people rely on many channels including radio and pamphlet, so that messages need to be disseminated through many channels in combination. Information on flood severity, asset protection, water supply, food supply, health information, and shelter was concerned before and during flood. Bottled water was the main alternate water source (70%). The findings of this study provide basic guidance to the authorities concerned to assist in developing effective policies and plans to minimize the impacts of future floods

Urban rainwater harvesting systems: Research, implementation and future perspectives.

Published onlineJournal ArticleReviewThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from IWA Publishing via the DOI in this record.While the practice of rainwater harvesting (RWH) can be traced back millennia, the degree of its modern implementation varies greatly across the world, often with systems that do not maximize potential benefits. With a global focus, the pertinent practical, theoretical and social aspects of RWH are reviewed in order to ascertain the state of the art. Avenues for future research are also identified. A major finding is that the degree of RWH systems implementation and the technology selection are strongly influenced by economic constraints and local regulations. Moreover, despite design protocols having been set up in many countries, recommendations are still often organized only with the objective of conserving water without considering other potential benefits associated with the multiple-purpose nature of RWH. It is suggested that future work on RWH addresses three priority challenges. Firstly, more empirical data on system operation is needed to allow improved modelling by taking into account multiple objectives of RWH systems. Secondly, maintenance aspects and how they may impact the quality of collected rainwater should be explored in the future as a way to increase confidence on rainwater use. Finally, research should be devoted to the understanding of how institutional and socio-political support can be best targeted to improve system efficacy and community acceptance

The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Activity of Trip12 Is Essential for Mouse Embryogenesis

Protein ubiquitination is a post-translational protein modification that regulates many biological conditions [1], [2], [3], [4]. Trip12 is a HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligase that ubiquitinates ARF and APP-BP1 [5], [6]. However, the significance of Trip12 in vivo is largely unknown. Here we show that the ubiquitin ligase activity of Trip12 is indispensable for mouse embryogenesis. A homozygous mutation in Trip12 (Trip12mt/mt) that disrupts the ubiquitin ligase activity resulted in embryonic lethality in the middle stage of development. Trip12mt/mt embryos exhibited growth arrest and increased expression of the negative cell cycle regulator p16 [7], [8], [9], [10]. In contrast, Trip12mt/mt ES cells were viable. They had decreased proliferation, but maintained both the undifferentiated state and the ability to differentiate. Trip12mt/mt ES cells had increased levels of the BAF57 protein (a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex) and altered gene expression patterns. These data suggest that Trip12 is involved in global gene expression and plays an important role in mouse development

Nitrifying and heterotrophic population dynamics in biofilm reactors: effects of hydraulic retention time and the presence of organic carbon

Two biofilmreactors operated with hydraulic retention times of 0.8 and 5.0 h were used to study the links between population dynamics and reactor operation performance during a shift in process operation from pure nitrification to combined nitrification and organic carbon removal. The ammonium and the organic carbon loads were identical for both reactors. The composition and dynamics of the microbial consortia were quantified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy, and digital image analysis. In contrast to past research, after addition of acetate as organic carbon nitrification performance decreased more drastically in the reactor with longer hydraulic retention time. FISH analysis showed that this effect was caused by the unexpected formation of a heterotrophic microorganism layer on top of the nitrifying biofilm that limited nitrifiers oxygen supply. Our results demonstrate that extension of the hydraulic retention time might be insufficient to improve combined nitrification and organic carbon removal in biofilm reactors.Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior. Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - PRAXIS XXI BD/15943/98). Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (A/99/06961). European Comission - T.M.R. BioToBio project. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Histone deacetylase 5 regulates the inflammatory response of macrophages

Modifying the chromatin structure and interacting with non-histone proteins, histone deacetylases (HDAC) are involved in vital cellular processes at different levels. We here specifically investigated the direct effects of HDAC5 in macrophage activation in response to bacterial or cytokine stimuli. Using murine and human macrophage cell lines, we studied the expression profile and the immunological function of HDAC5 at transcription and protein level in over-expression as well as RNA interference experiments. Toll-like receptor-mediated stimulation of murine RAW264.7 cells significantly reduced HDAC5 mRNA within 7 hrs but presented baseline levels after 24 hrs, a mechanism that was also found for Interferon-γ treatment. If treated with lipopolysaccharide, RAW264.7 cells transfected for over-expression only of full-length but not of mutant HDAC5, significantly elevated secretion of tumour necrosis factor α and of the monocyte chemotactic protein-1. These effects were accompanied by increased nuclear factor-κB activity. Accordingly, knock down of HDAC5-mRNA expression using specific siRNA significantly reduced the production of these cytokines in RAW264.7 or human U937 cells. Taken together, our results suggest a strong regulatory function of HDAC5 in the pro-inflammatory response of macrophages