46 research outputs found
Die nördlichen Badener Keramikstile im Kontext des mitteleuropĂ€ischen SpĂ€tneolithikums (3650â2900 v. Chr.)
Was verbirgt sich hinter dem Begriff der âBadener Kultur"? Welche kulturellen Ebenen berĂŒhrt er? Wie ist er in Raum und Zeit einzuordnen? Es handelt sich um ein Konzept von ĂŒberregionaler Bedeutung, das die mittel- und sĂŒdosteuropĂ€ische Forschung wesentlich geprĂ€gt hat. Diese Arbeit stellt eine notwendige Diskussion und Neubestimmung des gĂ€ngigen Konzeptes vor, basierend auf einer ausfĂŒhrlichen Materialvorlage und Aufarbeitung von archĂ€ologischen Funden aus spĂ€tneolithischen Siedlungen der Regionen MĂ€hren, Oberschlesien und Kleinpolen
A Virtual and a Practiced Neolithic? Material Culture Symbolism, Monumentality and Identities in the Western Baltic Region
Besides the economic, technical and social innovations most Neolithic societies of the old world are separated from Pre-Neolithic societies by a new stage of the manipulation of material objects and structures as media of symbolic communication. Since the Neolithic, the proportion of intentional production and use of material symbols clearly rises compared to unintentional symbol production. Particularly the extensive symbolism on utilitarian, everyday artefacts like pottery is much more elaborated. Proceeding from these observations, the early Neolithic period in northern Central Europe / Southern Scandinavia, that is the time from 4100 to 3500 BC, is more or less a time of continuation of Pre-Neolithic behavioural patterns. At this time Neolithic innovations are known and implemented, but not yet in a quantity that would practically change cultural behaviour and thus identity towards what has been defined as Neolithic above. It is probably not earlier than 3500 BC that a real âNeolithic Packageâ consisting of large-scale monumental buildings storing cultural memories, an extensive and genuine variability in material culture symbolism, especially pottery and stone tool production, appear together with an increase of economic impact and supra-regional contacts. Thus it is possible to speak of a âVirtual Neolithicâ preceding the âRealised Neolithicâ since 3500 BC
Social Worlds and Communities of Practice: a polythetic culture model for 3rd millennium BC Europe in the light of current migration debates
As an alternative to the traditional practice of cultural history using a monothetic classification of material, creating âarchaeological culturesâ, a polythetic culture model based on StraussÂŽs social worlds and WengerÂŽs communities of practice is proposed, which better represents the archaeological record dated to the 3rd millennium BC in Central Europe. Based on this approach current migration models elaborated for the 3rd millennium in connection with aDNA evidence are re-evaluated. It is argued that the use of âarchaeological culturesâ misleads our understanding of population movements. Steppe ancestry, as representing migrants or their descendants, is not primarily connected to specific âculturesâ such as the Corded Ware or the Bell Beaker, but rather to a specific social world, a new set of burial practices, i.e. the Late Neolithic complex of individual, gender-specific burials with strict rules of orientation. A strong expression of a new cosmological understanding, a specific set of values is the migration process, rather than specific pottery styles, specific weapons or specific tool types. Including the differential patterns of material culture in the archaeological record results in suggestions of different scenarios of population mixing and social change.Nous proposons ici un modĂšle polythĂ©tique basĂ© sur les mondes sociaux de Strauss et les communautĂ©s de pratique de Wenger en tant quâalternative Ă la pratique traditionnelle de lâhistoire culturelle qui met en Ćuvre une classification monothĂ©tique des vestiges matĂ©riels en crĂ©ant des « cultures archĂ©ologiques ». Celui-ci permet de mieux reprĂ©senter les donnĂ©es archĂ©ologiques du IIIe millĂ©naire en Europe centrale. Les modĂšles de migration actuels Ă©laborĂ©s pour le IIIe millĂ©naire en relation avec des donnĂ©es aDNA sont rĂ©Ă©valuĂ©s sur la base de cette approche. Nous soutenons que lâemploi de « cultures archĂ©ologiques » en tant que modĂšle explicatif induit en erreur notre comprĂ©hension des mouvements de population. Lâascendance steppique, reprĂ©sentĂ©e par des migrants ou leurs descendants, nâest pas essentiellement connectĂ©e Ă des « cultures » spĂ©cifiques comme le CordĂ© ou le Campaniforme mais plutĂŽt Ă un monde social spĂ©cifique, un nouvel ensemble de pratiques funĂ©raires qui correspond au complexe des sĂ©pultures individuelles Ă diffĂ©renciation sexuelle du NĂ©olithique final avec des rĂšgles dâorientation strictes. Le processus de migration correspond prĂ©cisĂ©ment Ă cette forte expression dâune vision cosmologique nouvelle, dâun nouvel ensemble spĂ©cifique de pratiques funĂ©raires, plutĂŽt que la diffusion de styles cĂ©ramiques particuliers, dâarmes ou de types dâoutils spĂ©cifiques. En incluant diffĂ©rents modĂšles de culture matĂ©rielle aux interprĂ©tations archĂ©ologiques, divers scĂ©narios de mĂ©langes de populations et de changements sociaux sont proposĂ©s
Mondes sociaux et communautĂ©s de pratique : un modĂšle culturel polythĂ©tique pour lâEurope du IIIe millĂ©naire avant notre Ăšre Ă la lumiĂšre des dĂ©bats actuels sur la migration
Nous proposons ici un modĂšle polythĂ©tique basĂ© sur les mondes sociaux de Strauss et les communautĂ©s de pratique de Wenger en tant quâalternative Ă la pratique traditionnelle de lâhistoire culturelle qui met en Ćuvre une classification monothĂ©tique des vestiges matĂ©riels en crĂ©ant des « cultures archĂ©ologiques ». Celui-ci permet de mieux reprĂ©senter les donnĂ©es archĂ©ologiques du IIIe millĂ©naire en Europe centrale. Les modĂšles de migration actuels Ă©laborĂ©s pour le IIIe millĂ©naire en relation avec des donnĂ©es aDNA sont rĂ©Ă©valuĂ©s sur la base de cette approche. Nous soutenons que lâemploi de « cultures archĂ©ologiques » en tant que modĂšle explicatif induit en erreur notre comprĂ©hension des mouvements de population. Lâascendance steppique, reprĂ©sentĂ©e par des migrants ou leurs descendants, nâest pas essentiellement connectĂ©e Ă des « cultures » spĂ©cifiques comme le CordĂ© ou le Campaniforme mais plutĂŽt Ă un monde social spĂ©cifique, un nouvel ensemble de pratiques funĂ©raires qui correspond au complexe des sĂ©pultures individuelles Ă diffĂ©renciation sexuelle du NĂ©olithique final avec des rĂšgles dâorientation strictes. Le processus de migration correspond prĂ©cisĂ©ment Ă cette forte expression dâune vision cosmologique nouvelle, dâun nouvel ensemble spĂ©cifique de pratiques funĂ©raires, plutĂŽt que la diffusion de styles cĂ©ramiques particuliers, dâarmes ou de types dâoutils spĂ©cifiques. En incluant diffĂ©rents modĂšles de culture matĂ©rielle aux interprĂ©tations archĂ©ologiques, divers scĂ©narios de mĂ©langes de populations et de changements sociaux sont proposĂ©s.As an alternative to the traditional practice of cultural history using a monothetic classification of material, creating âarchaeological culturesâ, a polythetic culture model based on StraussÂŽs social worlds and WengerÂŽs communities of practice is proposed, which better represents the archaeological record dated to the 3rd millennium BC in Central Europe. Based on this approach current migration models elaborated for the 3rd millennium in connection with aDNA evidence are re-evaluated. It is argued that the use of âarchaeological culturesâ misleads our understanding of population movements. Steppe ancestry, as representing migrants or their descendants, is not primarily connected to specific âculturesâ such as the Corded Ware or the Bell Beaker, but rather to a specific social world, a new set of burial practices, i.e. the Late Neolithic complex of individual, gender-specific burials with strict rules of orientation. A strong expression of a new cosmological understanding, a specific set of values is the migration process, rather than specific pottery styles, specific weapons or specific tool types. Including the differential patterns of material culture in the archaeological record results in suggestions of different scenarios of population mixing and social change
Absolutchronologie und die Entstehung der Schnurkeramik
The analysis of the available radiocarbon and dendrochronological dates of the Central European Corded Ware/Single Grave Culture gives new evidence for the evaluation of the formation processes of the Central European Corded Ware and the problem of the so-called âA-Horizonâ. Ceramic forms in single graves develop earlier in Poland than in western and southern Central Europe. It is possible to show the development of a non-ceramic Corded Ware â or the development of a âcorded ware-fashionedâ burial rite â in the western parts that takes place contemporaneous with the early CWC in Poland. This points towards a spread of Corded Ware cultural traits through a wide-spanning communication network rather than through migration.The dates also point towards the existence of an âA-Horizonâ in the 28th century BC, though it is shown that this horizon is to be understood as a number of connencting forms within different regional contexts
Woodland and its use in central Bosnia during the late Neolithic. Results from anthracological investigations in the Visoko-basin
MegaForm â Ein Formalisierungssystem fĂŒr die Analyse monumentaler Baustrukturen des Neolithikums im nördlichen Mitteleuropa
MegaForm is a recording system for Neolithic megaliths in northern Central Europe and southern Scandinavia. It was created in the context of the Priority Program 1400 âEarly Monumentality and Social Differentiationâ. It aims at formalising the recording of architectural traits of megaliths, non-megalithic monuments and simple graves, focussing on single characteristics, not on complex types. Specific national traditions have resulted in different terminologies. MegaForm unites these into one overall recording system, a new standard for the recording and description of megaliths. In this article, the recording system is proposed and commented, and it is possible to download a suitable database system
Proto-Urban Establishments in Inner Asia : Surveys of an Iron Age Walled Site in Eastern Mongolia
Funding Information: The field expedition in 2015 was funded by National Geographic Society (#W321-14). Geomagnetic and DGPS survey equipment was graciously loaned to us from the Graduate School of Human Development in Landscapes at Christian-Albrechts-UniversitĂ€t zu Kiel, and members of the Institut fĂŒr Ur-und FrĂŒhgeschichte at CAU-Kiel gave assistance in the field. Radiocarbon dating of bone and charcoal samples were conducted at PoznaĆ Radiocarbon Laboratory through funding from the ERC Consolidator Grant (#615040) for the âNomadic Empiresâ Project at University of Oxford. Pedestrian surveys were conducted primarily by J. Wright, faunal analyses by T. TĂŒvshinjargal, and magnetic modelling by T. Wunderlich. We wish to thank D. Schultz for assistance in the field, as well as the National Museum of Mongolia and Tsagaan-Ovoo sum for helping facilitate many of the in-field project logistics. Lastly, our thanks to the extremely thorough comments from the editors and anonymous reviewers which greatly improved the clarity of the content. All remaining mistakes are of course ours. Publisher Copyright: © 2019, © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Peer reviewe
Forum : Populism, Identity Politics, and the Archaeology of Europe
SSR gratefully acknowledges M.J. Walsh, J.-L. Renaud, and another anonymous col- league for comments on this manuscript. MB would like to thank P. PavĂșk, N. VlhovĂĄ, and M. HavlĂkovĂĄ for reading and commenting on his paper. KK grate- fully acknowledges the editorial help of his friend Sappho Haralambous-Howe. Naturally, the views and opinions expressed here are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of other agencies.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Dichtezentren und lokale Gruppierungen - Eine Karte zu den GroĂsteingrĂ€bern Mittel- und Nordeuropas
Until today a detailed mapping of the megalithic structures from the 4th millenium BC in northern Europe seems a desideratum. The DFG-Priority Program 1400 âEarly Monumentality and Social Differentiationâ is currently working on the Neolithic of the northern European plain. One important aim is to record and analyse the archaeological evidence within the working region in a systematical way. As a first step, an account of all megaliths available is of crucial importance. The map presented here reveals remarkable spatial patterns that may serve as a starting point for further research