O problema da verdade na filosofia de Santo Tomás de Aquino

Nossa dissertação tem como objetivo principal analisar a teoria da verdade em santo Tomás de Aquino, mais especificamente, o problema da adequação entre o objeto conhecido e o intelecto que conhece. Através da análise epistêmico-metafísica, santo Tomás deve demonstrar como é possível obter conhecimento racional dos diversos entes e como este conhecimento deve estar exatamente proporcionado ao intelecto que conhece. Santo Tomás também resolve um problema que reside no fato de a alma dos indivíduos serem essencialmente unas e distintas umas das outras, necessariamente o conhecimento gerado por elas ser também individual e, contudo, a verdade, que é universal deve ela ser comunicada a todos, gerando assim uma tensão entre as diversas almas que conhecem individualmente e a noção da unidade na universalidade da verdade

Influence of different adhesion strategies on glass fiber post retention

Failures in glass fiber post (GFP) retention may be associated with low adhesion achieved in root dentin.55 single-rooted premolars were endodontically treated and distributed according to different adhesion strategies (n=11): G1: RelyX ARC (3M ESPE; etch-rinse strategy); G2: Relyx Ultimate (3M ESPE; etch-rinse strategy); G3: AllCem (FGM; etch-rinse strategy); G4: Relyx Ultimate (3M ESPE; self-etching strategy); G5: RelyX U200 (3M ESPE; self-adhesive strategy). For Bonding Strength (BS) analysis, the roots were sectioned in slices (1.0mm thickness) corresponding to each root third and submitted to push-out test. The type of failure was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The highest BS averages were found in G2 and G3. However, in the middle and apical root thirds, G3 showed statistically similar results to G4 and G5. In the cervical and middle third, G1 was statistically similar to G4 and G5. The mixed type of failure was the most common in all groups.Self-etching (G4) and self-adhesive resin (G5) cements, showed similar BS results of immediate bonding in the cementation of GFP compared to conventional resin cements (G1, G2, G3)

Tratamento físico-químicos de efluente têxtil utilizando Sulfato de Alumínio, Carvão Ativado e Moringa Oleifera.

Os processos industriais de produção têxtil têm como característica o uso de grandes volumes de água durante as etapas de lavagem e tingimento dos tecidos, resultando em efluentes com enorme diversidade e complexidade química. Os efluentes descarregados em rios ou plantas de tratamento público são altamente contaminados e não são possíveis de serem removidos pela simples separação física sendo aplicados processos físico-químicos com o intuito de clarificar os efluentes. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência do processo de tratamento físico-químico com coagulação-floculação-decantação (CFD) frente ao tratamento com adsorção, usando como resposta os parâmetros cor, turbidez, pH e DQO (demanda química de oxigênio). O carvão comercial (ativado de origem comercial pulverizado em pó (CAT_P) foi utilizado como adsorvente e sulfato de alumínio (Al2(SO?)3), Carvão Ativado e Moringa Oleifera foram escolhidos como coagulantes. A aplicação dos ensaios indicaram valores dos parâmetros de controle dentro dos padrões de lançamento exigidos pela legislação brasileira e estatisticamente não houve diferença significativa. O uso do CFD com Al?(SO4)3 e CAT_P, seguidos de adsorção com CAT_P, demonstraram ser os mais eficazes com correlação aos três parâmetros, tendo uma melhor resposta aos outros tratamentos e os melhores resultados para a diminuição dos parâmetros analisados: DQO (76,99%), cor (95,40%) e turbidez (99,97%) na quantidade de carvão de 0,1 g e o tempo de agitação de 40 minutos

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Análise dos estágios de sucessão de áreas de Mata Atlântica sob a influência de plantações florestais, Vale do Rio Doce, Minas Gerais, Brasil Analysis of the successional stages of the Atlantic Forest in areas under the influence of forestry plantations, Vale do Rio Doce, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Este trabalho teve como objetivos mapear e classificar as áreas preservadas num projeto de base florestal. Foram classificadas, na região do Médio Vale do Rio Doce, no Leste do Estado de Minas Gerais, duas áreas com cobertura florestal nativa e plantações de eucalipto: Área de Cocais (região montanhosa) e Área de Ipaba (região de baixadas). Foram utilizados mapas, técnicas de interpretação visual de ortofotocartas, levantamentos de campo e análise de documentos sobre as áreas estudadas. A classificação dos estágios de sucessão seguiu os parâmetros estabelecidos na Resolução No 10 do CONAMA, de 1º de outubro de 1993. Foram elaborados diagramas de perfis verticais dos estádios de sucessão florestal e demais tipos vegetais mapeados nas áreas de estudo. Na região montanhosa sobressaíram, em área, os estágios inicial (52%) e médio (31%) e na região de baixadas, os estágios médio (33%) e inicial (23%). Nas regiões de montanhas e de baixadas, os fragmentos pequenos (< 5 ha), em maior número (69%), contribuíram com apenas 10% (2.462 ha) da área total preservada na região montanhosa e 6% (2.907 ha) na região de baixadas. Os fragmentos com mais de 50 ha, em menor número, com menos de 5%, contribuíram com 53% da área total dos fragmentos florestais na região montanhosa e com 67% na região de baixadas, indicando, em ambas, alta conectividade entre fragmentos.<br>The objectives of this work were to map and classify the preserved areas in a forestry based project. In the region of the medium Vale do Rio Doce, located in the Eastern part of the State of Minas Gerais, two areas with native forest cover and eucalypt plantings were classified as follows: Areas of "Cocais" (hilly region) and Areas of "Ipaba" (lowland region). Maps, techniques of visual interpretation of orthophotocharts, field surveys and analyses of documents of the areas studied were used. The classification of the successional stages followed the parameters established in the No 10 Resolution of CONAMA, of October 1st, 1993. Diagrams of vertical profiles of the forest successional stages and those of the other plant types mapped in the area studied were made. In the hilly region the initial (52%) and medium (31%) stages were the major ones in the area. And in the lowland region, the medium (33%) and initial (23%) stages were in the majority. Both in the hilly and in the lowland region the small fragments (< 5 ha in greatest number 69%) contributed to only 10% (2,462 ha) of the total preserved area in the hilly region, and 6% (2,907 ha) in the lowland region. The large fragments, with more than 50 ha, with the smallest number, less than 5%, contributed to 53% of the total preserved area in the hilly region and with 67% in the lowland region, indicating, in both cases, a high connectivity among fragments