High-level biocidal products effectively eradicate pathogenic γ-proteobacteria biofilms from aquaculture facilities

The use of effective biocides as disinfectants is essential in aquaculture facilities. However, while most biocides act effectively on free-living planktonic pathogens, they are seldom useful against biofilms. In this study, we evaluate the biocidal efficacy and antimicrobial specific contact time of three disinfectants, Virkon™Aquatic (VirA), peracetic acid (PerA), and hydrogen peroxide (HydP), on Vibrio anguillarum, V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus, and Photobacterium damselae subspecies piscicida against their both life phases. By using the minimum inhibitory, bactericidal, and eradication concentrations of disinfectants acting on the free-living planktonic state (MIC; MBC) and biofilms (MBIC; MBEC), we determined the in vitro susceptibility of each bacterial strain against three different individual concentrations of VirA, PerA, and HydP added at 1, 5, and 10 min intervals. PerA and VirA had the highest bactericidal efficacies against the free-living planktonic state and biofilm of all bacteria. Kinetically, PerA gave a positive result more quickly in both cases regardless of the strain in question, while the weakest HydP required longer than 10 min to act effectively. Moreover, we conducted a short in vivo safety trial by pouring the suggested MIC of each disinfectant into tanks containing juvenile Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Significant mortality after 24 h was observed pointing to the potential risk a mishap of these chemicals might cause to fish. Nevertheless, collectively, our results support the inclusion of biocides within biosecurity protocols in aquaculture facilities and highlight PerA as the most effective disinfectant for fighting against biofilms produced by V. anguillarum, V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus or P. damselae subsp. piscicida.publishedVersionUnit License Agreemen

High-level biocidal products effectively eradicate pathogenic γ-proteobacteria biofilms from aquaculture facilities

The use of effective biocides as disinfectants is essential in aquaculture facilities. However, while most biocides act effectively on free-living planktonic pathogens, they are seldom useful against biofilms. In this study, we evaluate the biocidal efficacy and antimicrobial specific contact time of three disinfectants, Virkon™Aquatic (VirA), peracetic acid (PerA), and hydrogen peroxide (HydP), on Vibrio anguillarum, V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus, and Photobacterium damselae subspecies piscicida against their both life phases. By using the minimum inhibitory, bactericidal, and eradication concentrations of disinfectants acting on the free-living planktonic state (MIC; MBC) and biofilms (MBIC; MBEC), we determined the in vitro susceptibility of each bacterial strain against three different individual concentrations of VirA, PerA, and HydP added at 1, 5, and 10 min intervals. PerA and VirA had the highest bactericidal efficacies against the free-living planktonic state and biofilm of all bacteria. Kinetically, PerA gave a positive result more quickly in both cases regardless of the strain in question, while the weakest HydP required longer than 10 min to act effectively. Moreover, we conducted a short in vivo safety trial by pouring the suggested MIC of each disinfectant into tanks containing juvenile Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Significant mortality after 24 h was observed pointing to the potential risk a mishap of these chemicals might cause to fish. Nevertheless, collectively, our results support the inclusion of biocides within biosecurity protocols in aquaculture facilities and highlight PerA as the most effective disinfectant for fighting against biofilms produced by V. anguillarum, V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus or P. damselae subsp. piscicida.publishedVersionUnit License Agreemen

Phage therapy as a focused management strategy in aquaculture

Therapeutic bacteriophages, commonly called phages, are a promising potential alternative to antibiotics in the management of bacterial infections of a wide range of organisms including cultured fish. Their natural immunogenicity often induces the modulation of a variated collection of immune responses within several types of immunocytes while promoting specific mechanisms of bacterial clearance. However, to achieve standardized treatments at the practical level and avoid possible side effects in cultivated fish, several improvements in the understanding of their biology and the associated genomes are required. Interestingly, a particular feature with therapeutic potential among all phages is the production of lytic enzymes. The use of such enzymes against human and livestock pathogens has already provided in vitro and in vivo promissory results. So far, the best-understood phages utilized to fight against either Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacterial species in fish culture are mainly restricted to the Myoviridae and Podoviridae, and the Siphoviridae, respectively. However, the current functional use of phages against bacterial pathogens of cultured fish is still in its infancy. Based on the available data, in this review, we summarize the current knowledge about phage, identify gaps, and provide insights into the possible bacterial control strategies they might represent for managing aquaculture-related bacterial diseases.publishedVersio

Mejoramiento del Alimentador STA121 del distrito de Coishco - 2019

La presente investigación tiene como finalidad el mejoramiento de Redes Primarias del distrito de Coishco, Santa - Ancash, con el objetivo de brindar un mejor servicio público de electricidad de forma confiable, continua y de calidad, en cumplimiento con la Norma Técnica de Calidad de los Servicios Eléctricos (NTCSE). La investigación es de carácter descriptivo, de diseño no experimental, y de corte transversal. Para lo cual se realizó las actividades de campo correspondientes para el reconocimiento de las deficiencias existentes y el levantamiento topográfico del alimentador en media tensión STA121 (13,2 kV). Para el mejoramiento de las redes primarias se realizó un nuevo diseño del trazo de ruta, el cual cuenta con postes C.A.C. de 15 metros, se ha considerado 6.57 Km de conductor AAAC 185 mm2 para las redes aéreas y 0.79 Km de conductor Cu N2XSY para las redes subterráneas. Además de implementar bloques contra impacto en los tramos cercanos a la carretera panamericana. Llegando a un presupuesto referencial de Tres millones doscientos sesenta y ocho mil treinta y tres con 86/100 Nuevos Soles (S/. 3,268,033.86) incluido IGV.Tesi

Preliminary Experiments for the Assessment of V/W-band Links for Space-Earth Communications

Since September 2012, NASA Glenn Research Center has deployed a microwave profiling radiometer at White Sands, NM, to estimate atmospheric propagation effects on communications links in the V and W bands (71-86GHz). Estimates of attenuation statistics in the millimeter wave due to gaseous and cloud components of the atmosphere show good agreement with current ITU-R models, but fail to predict link performance in the presence of moderate to heavy rain rates, due to the inherent limitations of passive radiometry. Herein, we discuss the preliminary results of these measurements and describe a design for a terrestrial link experiment to validate/refine existing rain attenuation models in the V/Wbands

A Review of Antenna Technologies for Future NASA Exploration Missions

NASA's plans for the manned exploration of the Moon and Mars will rely heavily on the development of a reliable communications infrastructure from planetary surface-to-surface, surface-to-orbit and back to Earth. Future missions will thus focus not only on gathering scientific data, but also on the formation of the communications network. In either case, unique requirements become imposed on the antenna technologies necessary to accomplish these tasks. For example, proximity (i.e., short distance) surface activity applications such as robotic rovers, human extravehicular activities (EVA), and probes will require small size, lightweight, low power, multi-functionality, and robustness for the antenna elements being considered. In contrast, trunk-line communications to a centralized habitat on the surface and back to Earth (e.g., relays, satellites, and landers) will necessitate high gain, low mass antennas such as novel inflatable/deployable antennas. Likewise, the plethora of low to high data rate services desired to guarantee the safety and quality of mission data for robotic and human exploration will place additional demands on the technology. Over the last few years, NASA Glenn Research Center has been heavily involved in the development and evaluation of candidate antenna technologies with the potential for meeting the aforementioned requirements. These technologies range from electrically small antennas to phased arrays and large inflatable antenna structures. A summary of these efforts will be discussed in this paper. NASA planned activities under the Exploration Vision as they pertain to the communications architecture for the Lunar and Martian scenarios will be discussed, with emphasis on the desirable qualities of potential antenna element designs for envisioned communications assets. Identified frequency allocations for the Lunar and Martian surfaces, as well as asset-specific data services will be described to develop a foundation for viable antenna technologies which might address these requirements and help guide future technology development decisions

Peracetic acid can be used as a disinfectant for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles without affecting fish welfare

Peracetic acid (PAA) is a European Union Commission-authorized disinfectant for use in animal health care. It has shown a strong inactivation potential for bacteria, viruses, fungi, and bacterial spores. A stress-related adaptive response after exposure to PAA has been described in different species of fish such as carp (Cyprinus carpio), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The present study aims to evaluate the response of gilthead seabream systemic (plasma) as mucosal (gill and skin) defenses after PAA a unique exposure (5 min), by measuring cortisol, glucose, and lactate in plasma, as well as the expression of several genes (glutathione peroxidase, glucocorticoid receptor, superoxide dismutase 2 and superoxide dismutase involved in the response to oxidative stress in mucosal tissues). study. We observe how seabream (Sparus aurata) copes with oxidative stress induced by PAA. PAA exposure did not induce an important antioxidant response in fish, whereas induced a mild response to stress, with a fast and effective recovery of basal levels after 24 h. Although PAA triggers a mild stress response, the response described in our study reflects that it can be used for sea bream in the concentration tested with no severe physiological consequencespublishedVersio

El ciclo de Deming para mejorar la productividad en los procesos de despacho de mercadería en Corporación Markos SAC, Lima-2023

El presente proyecto de investigación titulado “El ciclo de Deming para mejorar la productividad en los procesos de despacho de mercadería en Corporación Markos SAC, Lima-2023”, cuyo objetivo principal es. Determinar cómo la implementación del ciclo de Deming ayuda en la mejora de la productividad en los procesos de despacho de pinturas y complementos en la empresa Corporación Markos SAC, Lima – 2023. La metodología de la investigación es de tipo aplicada ya que se utilizan los conocimientos existentes del ciclo de Deming, con un enfoque cuantitativo, un nivel explicativo y un diseño pre - experimental. Como población se considera despachos del almacén en el periodo de enero a abril 2023 y la muestra los despachados del mes de marzo. La técnica utilizada fue la observación y los instrumentos empleados fueron: Ficha de registro, juicio de expertos y lluvia de ideas. Para la prueba de hipótesis se usó la herramienta SPSS v26, llegando a concluir que la productividad se incrementa en un 20.03% obteniendo una mejora de 12.9%. En conclusión, la aplicación del ciclo de Deming aumentó la productividad en el proceso de despacho, para satisfacción del cliente y mejora de la rentabilidad de la empresa Corporación Markos SAC

Maturity mountain rainforest syntaxa from Sierra Maestra, Eastern Cuba

In the Sierra Maestra the rainforests occupied mountains territories between 800 and 1 500 meters above sea level (mosl). By using the Zurich Montpellier school methodology one new order are described, Clethro cubensis- Cyrilletalia silvae with two alliances and two associations that the late and mature succesional communities are. En la Sierra Maestra se desarrolla la pluvisilva montana entre los 800 y los 1 500 m snm con una abundante humedad ambiental. Se estudió mediante la metodología de la Escuela Zurich Montpellier a Clethro cubensis -Cyrilletalia silvae con dos alianzas que constituyen las etapas maduras y de la sucesión avanzada