Treatment of pulmonary nodule: from VATS to RATS

The incidental detection of solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is currently increasing due to the widespread use of computed tomography (CT) during the follow up in oncological patients or in screening trials. A quick and definitive histological diagnosis of these nodes is mandatory as, in case of primitive lung cancer, an early detection could improve both surgical results and prognosis. The minimally invasive pulmonary resection (MIPR) is the gold standard procedure for diagnosis and treatment of small lung nodules, but it can be difficult to localize deep nonpalpable nodes that lie in the lung parenchyma. Hence, throughout the years several techniques have been developed to better localize deep or sub solid nodes. We describe our experience with radio-guided technique

Long-term survival of robotic lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer: a literature review

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The EC-Earth3 Earth system model for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6

The Earth system model EC-Earth3 for contributions to CMIP6 is documented here, with its flexible coupling framework, major model configurations, a methodology for ensuring the simulations are comparable across different high-performance computing (HPC) systems, and with the physical performance of base configurations over the historical period. The variety of possible configurations and sub-models reflects the broad interests in the EC-Earth community. EC-Earth3 key performance metrics demonstrate physical behavior and biases well within the frame known from recent CMIP models. With improved physical and dynamic features, new Earth system model (ESM) components, community tools, and largely improved physical performance compared to the CMIP5 version, EC-Earth3 represents a clear step forward for the only European community ESM. We demonstrate here that EC-Earth3 is suited for a range of tasks in CMIP6 and beyond.Peer reviewe

Borexino : geo-neutrino measurement at Gran Sasso, Italy

Geo-neutrinos, electron anti-neutrinos produced in beta-decays of naturally occurring radioactive isotopes in the Earth, are a unique direct probe of our planet's interior. After a brief introduction of the geo-neutrinos' properties and of the main aims of their study, we discuss the features of a detector which has recently provided breakthrough achievements in the field, Borexino, a massive, calorimetric liquid scintillator detector installed at the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory. With its unprecedented radiopurity levels achieved in the core of the detection medium, it is the only experiment in operation able to study in real time solar neutrino interactions in the challenging sub-MeV energy region. Its superior technical properties allowed Borexino also to provide a clean detection of terrestrial neutrinos. Therefore, the description of the characteristics of the detected geo-neutrino signal and of the corresponding geological implications are the main core of the discussion contained in this work

A comprehensive overview of radioguided surgery using gamma detection probe technology

The concept of radioguided surgery, which was first developed some 60 years ago, involves the use of a radiation detection probe system for the intraoperative detection of radionuclides. The use of gamma detection probe technology in radioguided surgery has tremendously expanded and has evolved into what is now considered an established discipline within the practice of surgery, revolutionizing the surgical management of many malignancies, including breast cancer, melanoma, and colorectal cancer, as well as the surgical management of parathyroid disease. The impact of radioguided surgery on the surgical management of cancer patients includes providing vital and real-time information to the surgeon regarding the location and extent of disease, as well as regarding the assessment of surgical resection margins. Additionally, it has allowed the surgeon to minimize the surgical invasiveness of many diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, while still maintaining maximum benefit to the cancer patient. In the current review, we have attempted to comprehensively evaluate the history, technical aspects, and clinical applications of radioguided surgery using gamma detection probe technology

Progettazione di un motore brushless fault tolerant per drone

L'ambito delle applicazioni "fault-tolerant" è sicuramente tra i più innovativi campi della ricerca moderna sui motori elettrici, in quanto lascia molta più libertà nella progettazione e permette di esplorare nuove soluzioni. Il ridursi del costo dei magneti permanenti e dei sistemi di controllo ha permesso di sviluppare nuove soluzioni a magneti permanenti superficiali con avvolgimenti frazionari. L'affidabilità di questi motori li rende particolarmente adatti a quelle applicazioni “safety critical” in cui il guasto del sistema non può essere tollerato ed è richiesta una ridondanza meccanica o elettrica. In questo elaborato ci siamo voluti concentrare sulle possibili soluzioni progettuali, impuntate su motori sincroni a magneti permanenti(PMSM) Multifase, i quali sono caratterizzati da un alta “Fault-tolerant capability” permettendo alla macchina di operare in condizioni di guasto, anche se pur con prestazioni ridotte. Infatti ogni fase, da un piccolo contributo rispetto alla coppia totale. Molte pubblicazioni sono state proposte con differenti soluzioni per mantenere un accettabile comportamento in condizioni di guasto;qui verranno presentate due possibili configurazioni progettuali, ovvero macchine PMSM a 5 fasi e a 6 fasi. Basandoci poi su una di queste possibili configurazioni si procede al dimensionamento e all’analisi di quel motore