Pathology and Abnormality of the First Permanent Molar among Children

The first permanent molar (FPM) plays an essential role in the masticatory function by contributing to the implementation and the maintenance of the occlusion. However, it is considered as the most frequently affected and the earliest affected tooth by caries; 27.4% of the 6–8 years old children have developed at least one cavity on one of the four first permanent molars, according to a study conducted among 3276 school children in Casablanca .Therefore, the FPM should benefit from special vigilance on the part of the practitioner to ensure that any early carious lesion is intercepted. In addition, the FPM, due to its period of mineralization coinciding with early childhood diseases, can erupt with a structural abnormality. Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is considered to be the most common defects observed on first permanent molars among children. A study conducted among 1077 children aged 7–10 years enrolled in schools in Casablanca showed that 7.9% of children were affected with MIH. About 84.7% of the children had the four molars affected. Children with HIM had a significantly higher prevalence of caries: 78.8 versus 33.5%.These structural abnormalities of the enamel must be carried out earlier to ensure that the coronary anatomy is the least compromised

SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity are associated with genetic variants affecting gene expression in a variety of tissues

Variability in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity between individuals is partly due to genetic factors. Here, we identify 4 genomic loci with suggestive associations for SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and 19 for COVID-19 disease severity. Four of these 23 loci likely have an ethnicity-specific component. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals in 11 loci colocalize with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) associated with the expression of 20 genes in 62 tissues/cell types (range: 1:43 tissues/gene), including lung, brain, heart, muscle, and skin as well as the digestive system and immune system. We perform genetic fine mapping to compute 99% credible SNP sets, which identify 10 GWAS loci that have eight or fewer SNPs in the credible set, including three loci with one single likely causal SNP. Our study suggests that the diverse symptoms and disease severity of COVID-19 observed between individuals is associated with variants across the genome, affecting gene expression levels in a wide variety of tissue types

A first update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

peer reviewe

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Les étudiants de la faculté de médecine dentaire au Maroc sont-ils motivés?

Contexte : La motivation est une composante importante de l’apprentissage et de la performance. Il est important de la quantifier et de mesurer son évolution dans un parcours de formation long. Peu d’études ont été réalisées dans le domaine de la médecine dentaire. But : Mesurer et comparer le degré de motivation des étudiants de la faculté de médecine dentaire au début et en fin de formation. Méthodes : Étude transversale réalisée en 2011 à la faculté de médecine dentaire de Casablanca. Un questionnaire anonyme, comportant les variables sociodémographiques et une échelle pour mesurer le degré de motivation (SMMS), a été distribué à l’ensemble des étudiants de première et cinquième années. Le calcul des scores était réalisé par la somme des réponses aux items. Le score minimum est de 15 correspondants à l’absence de motivation et le score maximum est de 75 correspondants à une grande motivation. Résultats : Au total, 105 et 85 étudiants en 1ère et 5ème année respectivement avaient participé à l’étude. La fiabilité interne de l’échelle était bonne (α = 0,75). Les étudiants étaient modérément motivés avec un score SMMS de 48,1 avec IC95 (46,9–49,3). Les étudiants de première année étaient significativement plus motivés que ceux de la cinquième année (moyenne du score SMMS de 51,2 (ET = 7,3) versus 44,1 (ET = 7,81), p < 10-4). Après stratification sur l’année d’étude, les étudiantes de sexe féminin étaient plus motivées que les garçons en première année. Conclusion : Le degré de motivation des étudiants en fin de formation était plus faible que celui des étudiants en première année, d’où la nécessité de renforcer la motivation de ces étudiants

La réhabilitation buccale implantaire chez l’enfant

L'absence de dents consécutive à un traumatisme, l'oligodontie ou l'anodontie sévère chez l'enfant nécessitent une réhabilitation buccale précoce. En effet ces anomalies dentaires peuvent avoir des conséquences sur le développement craniofacial et mental de l'enfant et s'accompagner de troubles fonctionnels et esthétiques qui s'aggravent à l'âge adulte ; d'où la nécessité d'une thérapeutique prothétique pour restaurer les différentes fonctions perturbées. L'objectif de cet article est de discuter l'éventualité de la réhabilitation buccale implantaire chez l'enfant, ainsi que l'influence de la croissance osseuse et dentaire des maxillaires sur la stabilité des implants dentaires. Il est généralement recommandé de différer la réhabilitation buccale implantaire jusqu'à l'achèvement de la croissance osseuse et dentaire, sauf dans les cas d'anodontie ou d'oligodontie sévère associées à des syndromes complexes. Med Buccale Chir Buccale 2007 ; 13 : 219-222

Occurrence and Seasonal Variation of Antibiotics in Fez-Morocco Surface Water

International audienceAbstract The Seine River basin (France) is representative of the large urbanised catchments (78,650 km 2 ) located in Northwestern Europe. As such, it is highly impacted by anthropogenic activities and their associated emissions of pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These compounds, originating from household heating and road traffic, are responsible for serious environmental issues across the basin. This study aims at establishing and using mass balance analyses of PAHs at the Seine River basin scale as an efficient tool for understanding PAH pathways in the environment. A dual-scale approach (urban vs. rural areas) was used successfully, and mass balances provided useful knowledge on the environmental fate of PAHs. In urban areas, runoff and domestic and industrial discharges contributed similarly to the PAH supply to the sewer system. During the wastewater treatment process, PAHs were mainly eliminated through sludge removal. At the basin scale, substantial amounts of PAHs were quantified in soils, and the limited annual inputs and outputs through atmospheric deposition and soil erosion, respectively, suggest that these compounds have long residence times within the basin. While wastewater and runoff discharges from urban areas account for a substantial part of PAH urban fluxes to the Seine River, soil erosion seems to be the predominant contributor at the basin scale. Overall, the PAH flux at the basin outlet was greater than supplies, suggesting that the Seine River system may currently be undergoing a decontamination phase

Assessment of oral health-related quality of life among children with acute leukemia

Aim: To assess the impact of oral health on the quality of life in children with acute leukemia.Methods: Forty children (age 11 to 14 years) with acute leukemia from the Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Departments of the 20th August Hospital Casablanca and the Pediatrics Department P3 at Abderrahim Harouchi Hospital Casablanca, Morocco were surveyed. Data was collected via an administered questionnaire. The questionnaire is a translated version of the Child-Oral Impacts of Daily Performance Questionnaire in Arabic (validated in Morocco).Results: The most commonly reported problems were: dental tartar, teeth position abnomalities, tooth decay, dental sensitivity and oral ulcerations. The overall prevalence of oral problems impacting upon daily activities (eating, speaking, cleaning teeth, relaxing, sleeping, smiling, showing teeth, studying and being in touch with other children) over the last 3 months was 52.5%. The most frequently affected daily activity was eating difficulties (45%) while the most frequently reported problem was oral ulcerations.Conclusion: Studies have confirmed that children over the age of 11 are able to perceive their general and oral health as well as its impact on their daily lives. The current study showed that oral problems on top of general health complications among children with acute leukemia lead to a deterioration in their quality of life, which is already affected by malignancy and chemotherapy.Improving awareness on the importance of oral health-related quality of life among children with acute leukemia would be valuable