Effects of the tensor force on the ground and first 2+2^{+} states of the magic 54^{54}Ca nucleus

The magic nature of the $^{54}$Ca nucleus is investigated in the light of the recent experimental results. We employ both HFB and HF+BCS methods using Skyrme-type SLy5, SLy5+T and T44 interactions. The evolution of the single-particle spectra is studied for the N=34 isotones: $^{60}$Fe, $^{58}$Cr, $^{56}$Ti and $^{54}$Ca. An increase is obtained in the neutron spin-orbit splittings of $p$ and $f$ states due to the effect of the tensor force which also makes $^{54}$Ca a magic nucleus candidate. QRPA calculations on top of HF+BCS are performed to investigate the first $J^{\pi}$=$2^{+}$ states of the calcium isotopic chain. A good agreement for excitation energies is obtained when we include the tensor force in the mean-field part of the calculations. The first $2^{+}$ states indicate a subshell closure for both $^{52}$Ca and $^{54}$Ca nuclei. We confirm that the tensor part of the interaction is quite essential in explaining the neutron subshell closure in $^{52}$Ca and $^{54}$Ca nuclei.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

Origin of gamma-ray emission in the shell of Cassiopeia A

Non-thermal X-ray emission from the shell of Cassiopeia A (Cas A) has been an interesting subject of study, as it provides information about relativistic electrons and their acceleration mechanisms in the shocks. Chandra X-ray observatory revealed the detailed spectral and spatial structure of this SNR in X-rays. The spectral analysis of Chandra X-ray data of Cas A shows unequal flux levels for different regions of the shell, which can be attributed to different magnetic fields in those regions. Additionally, the GeV gamma-ray emission observed by Large Area Telescope on board Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope showed that the hadronic processes are dominating in Cas A, a clear signature of acceleration of protons. In this paper we aim to explain the GeV-TeV gamma-ray data in the context of both leptonic and hadronic scenario. We modeled the multi-wavelength spectrum of Cas A. We use synchrotron emission process to explain the observed non-thermal X-ray fluxes from different regions of the shell. These result in estimation of the model parameters, which are then used to explain TeV gamma-ray emission spectrum. We also use hadronic scenario to explain both GeV and TeV fluxes simultaneously. We show that a leptonic model alone cannot explain the GeV-TeV data. Therefore, we need to invoke a hadronic model to explain the observed GeV-TeV fluxes. We found that although pure hadronic model is able to explain the GeV-TeV data, a lepto-hadronic model provides the best fit to the data.Comment: Accepted in A&

Restoration of error-diffused images using projection onto convex sets

Cataloged from PDF version of article.In this paper, a novel inverse halftoning method is proposed to restore a continuous tone image from a given half-tone image. A set theoretic formulation is used where three sets are defined using the prior information about the problem. A new spacedomain projection is introduced assuming the halftoning is performed using error diffusion, and the error diffusion filter kernel is known. The space-domain, frequency-domain, and space-scale domain projections are used alternately to obtain a feasible solution for the inverse halftoning problem which does not have a unique solution

The distribution and taxonomy of Lissotriton newts in Turkey (Amphibia, Salamandridae)

Two and perhaps three taxa of Lissotriton newt occur in Turkey. Their species status is controversial. The distribution of these taxa and the taxonomic status of each are reviewed and discussed. A database of 128 Turkish Lissotriton localities was compiled and species distribution models were constructed. We reiterate that the presence of L. ( v. ) lantzi in Turkey is disputed and needs confirmation. The range of L. ( v. ) koss - wigi is restricted to north-western Anatolia – given the small global range of this Turkey endemic, a closer look at its conservation status is warranted. The distribution of L. v. schmidtleri covers western Asiatic and European Turkey. The findings support an allopatric distribution of the Turkish Lissotriton species. We reflect on the biological significance of previously reported morphological intermediates between L. ( v. ) kosswigi and L. v. schmidtleri in the light of the recent proposal to recognize kosswigi at the species level. The available data are in line with species status for L. ( v. ) lantzi and L. ( v. ) kosswigi . Although L. v. schmidtleri is a genetically diverged taxon as well, the extent of gene flow with parapatric European Lis - sotriton taxa is as yet unknown

Multi-scale directional-filtering-based method for follicular lymphoma grading

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a group of malignancies of lymphocyte origin that arise from lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow in the lymphatic system. It is the second most common non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Characteristic of FL is the presence of follicle center B cells consisting of centrocytes and centroblasts. Typically, FL images are graded by an expert manually counting the centroblasts in an image. This is time consuming. In this paper, we present a novel multi-scale directional filtering scheme and utilize it to classify FL images into different grades. Instead of counting the centroblasts individually, we classify the texture formed by centroblasts. We apply our multi-scale directional filtering scheme in two scales and along eight orientations, and use the mean and the standard deviation of each filter output as feature parameters. For classification, we use support vector machines with the radial basis function kernel. We map the features into two dimensions using linear discriminant analysis prior to classification. Experimental results are presented

Görsel Destek ile Öğretilen Eşzamanlı İpucuyla Öğretimin Annelerin Otizmli Çocuklarına Beceri Öğretmelerindeki Etkililiği

Only teaching in schools is not enough for individuals with developmental disabilities for them to be independent in the society. For this reason, the present study has four purposes(a) Can the mothers implement simultaneous prompting reliably which was taught to them via visual supports?, (b)Can children with developmental disabilities acquire the target skills which were taught by their mothers?, (c) Can mothers and children with developmental disabilities maintain and generalize the acquired skills during the study?, and (d) What are the opinions of mothers regarding the teaching method and the study? In order to reach these purposes, a multiple probe design across participants was used in the study with four children and their mothers. After conducting the study at the homes of the participants, it was seen that mothers reliably implemented simultaneous prompting which was taught via a training CD, besides, children with developmental disabilities acquired the target skills which were taught by their mothers in the study.Gelişimsel yetersizliği olan bireylerin toplum içinde bağımsız yaşantılar sürdürebilmeleri için sadece okulda yapılan eğitim-öğretim yeterli olmamaktadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmanın dört amacı bulunmaktadır: (a) Kendilerine CD aracılığıyla eşzamanlı ipucuyla öğretim yöntemi öğretilen anneler yöntemi güvenilir olarak kullanabilecekler mi?, (b) Gelişimsel yetersizliği olan çocuklar kendilerine öğretilen becerileri öğrenebilecekler mi?, (c) Çalışmaya katılan anneler ve çocukları öğrendikleri becerileri öğretim tamamlandıktan sonra da sürdürebilecekler ve genelleyebilecekler mi? ve (d) Çalışmaya katılan annelerin yönteme ve çalışmaya ilişkin görüşleri nedir? Bu amaçları gerçekleştirebilmek üzere deneklerarası yoklama evreli çoklu yoklama modeli kullanılarak dört anne ve çocuğuyla çalışılmıştır. Katılımcıların evlerinde gerçekleştirilen uygulamalar sonucunda annelerin kendilerine CD aracılığıyla öğretilen eşzamanlı ipucuyla öğretim yöntemini güvenilir bir biçimde uygulayabildikleri ve gelişimsel yetersizliği olan çocuklarının da annelerinin öğrettiği hedef becerileri öğrendikleri görülmüştür

Enhanced germination and electrotactic behaviour of Phytophthora palmivora zoospores in weak electric fields

Soil-dwelling microorganisms use a variety of chemical and physical signals to navigate their environment. Plant roots produce endogenous electric fields which result in characteristic current profiles. Such electrical signatures are hypothesised to be used by pathogens and symbionts to track and colonise plant roots.
The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora palmivora generates motile zoospores which swim towards the positive pole when exposed to an external electric field in vitro.
Here, we provide a quantitative characterization of their electrotactic behaviour in 3D. We found that a weak electric field (0.7 - 1.0 V/cm) is sufficient to induce an accumulation of zoospore at the positive pole, without affecting their encystment rate. We also show that the same external electric field increases the zoospore germination rate and orients the germ tube's growth. We conclude that several early stages of the P. palmivora infection cycle are affected by external electric fields.
Taken together, our results are compatible with the hypothesis that pathogens use plant endogenous electric fields for host targeting.&#xD