Open archives and instruments of quality management as resources for disseminating scientific information in occupational health and safety

The objective of this study is to present the philosophy of open archives as an instrument for occupational health and safety (OHS) management. The survey method stands for the bibliography research, together with an interview session with the 23 OSH management professionals that enabled the further understanding about access level and the perception on scientific information by these professionals. Qualitative and quantitative questionnaire analysis showed the open archives initiative, through digital information repositories as an instrument for the occupational health and safety management, as well as need of developing policies on incentive to generation and sharing of intellectual capital among the community in question, encouraging the construction of an OSH digital repository, for maintaining most of all the worker's physical and mental integrity. Lack of available information in this area is still a barrier to the occupational knowledge management for promoting the safety and healthy work development in the organizations.O objetivo do estudo foi apresentar a utilização da filosofia de arquivos abertos, aliada aos instrumentos de gestão da qualidade, PDCA e 5S, como um dos pilares para a gestão da segurança e saúde no trabalho (SST). O método de pesquisa se constituiu no levantamento bibliográfico, juntamente com uma sessão de entrevistas com 23 profissionais ligados à gestão da SST, que permitiu o delineamento do grau de acesso e a percepção destes sobre a informação científica. A análise qualitativa e quantitativa dos questionários apontou a iniciativa de arquivos abertos, por meio da utilização de repositórios digitais de informações, como um instrumento de apoio à gestão da segurança e saúde no trabalho, bem como identificou a necessidade do desenvolvimento de políticas de incentivo à geração e compartilhamento do capital intelectual entre a comunidade em questão encorajando a construção de um repositório digital na área de SST, visando sobretudo à preservação da integridade física e mental do trabalhador. Constatou-se que a carência de informações disponíveis na área em questão ainda é uma barreira para a gestão do conhecimento organizacional, no sentido de promover o desenvolvimento do trabalho seguro e saudável nas organizações.Fundação Jorge Duprat Figueiredo de Segurança e Medicina do TrabalhoUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da TerraUNIFESP, Depto. de Ciências Exatas e da TerraSciEL

Olhares cruzados: Relações de cuidado, classe e gênero

Responding to P. Molinier s work, this article looks to explore the continuities and ruptures between the care situation in the French institution analysed by the author, and our own research field in São Paulo, involving female social workers. First we examine how access to the field produces distinct relational configurations between researchers, interlocutors and the research subject. This is followed by an exploration of how care work reveals particular features when agents and users have the same social background, and their actions are developed in the same context.Este artigo, em diálogo com a reflexão de P. Molinier, explora as continuidades e as rupturas entre a situação de trabalho do care numa instituição francesa, analisada por essa autora, e o nosso campo de pesquisa em São Paulo, com as trabalhadoras sociais. Primeiro, vimos como a entrada em campo configura distintamente as relações tecidas entre pesquisadoras e interlocutoras e o objeto de pesquisa. Em seguida, observamos como o trabalho do cuidado ganha traços particulares, na medida em que tanto agentes e usuárias compartem a mesma origem social como as ações se desenvolvem no próprio meio

Use of health care among the urban poor in Africa: Does the neighbourhood have an impact?

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the relative influence of neighbourhood and individual practices of care utilization in Dakar (Senegal). The data from a research program on urban malaria, made in Dakar, Senegal between 2008 and 2009. The sample was based on a two-stage sampling. A questionnaire survey covered 2952 households, of which we have selected those that have at least one case of fever (n = 1272) with one of their children under ten years two weeks before the passage of investigators. The analytical model of the use of health services developed by R. Andersen has been adapted for our conceptual framework. Our results showed's like many West African cities, self-medication is a common practice among all households in Dakar, especially the poorest. The non-use of health services is positively associated with individual characteristics such as education level, the level of social network and the level of health literacy of the mother / guardian of the sick child (p <1 %). Some characteristics of the neighborhood of residence, however, increase the use of health services among the poor (health care provision is nearest larger and better quality). Similarly, the cost of use is no longer a major obstacle when people perceive a high environmental risk (presence of stagnant water and mosquito abundance). The district of residence may help remove the financial barrier, and reduce inequalities in access, when resource space

Arquivos abertos e instrumentos de gestão da qualidade como recursos para a disseminação da informação científica em segurança e saúde no trabalho

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi apresentar a utilização da filosofia de arquivos abertos, aliada aos instrumentos de gestão da qualidade, PDCA e 5S, como um dos pilares para a gestão da segurança e saúde no trabalho (SST). O método de pesquisa se constituiu no levantamento bibliográfico, juntamente com uma sessão de entrevistas com 23 profissionais ligados à gestão da SST, que permitiu o delineamento do grau de acesso e a percepção destes sobre a informação científica. A análise qualitativa e quantitativa dos questionários apontou a iniciativa de arquivos abertos, por meio da utilização de repositórios digitais de informações, como um instrumento de apoio à gestão da segurança e saúde no trabalho, bem como identificou a necessidade do desenvolvimento de políticas de incentivo à geração e compartilhamento do capital intelectual entre a comunidade em questão encorajando a construção de um repositório digital na área de SST, visando sobretudo à preservação da integridade física e mental do trabalhador. Constatou-se que a carência de informações disponíveis na área em questão ainda é uma barreira para a gestão do conhecimento organizacional, no sentido de promover o desenvolvimento do trabalho seguro e saudável nas organizações. Palavras-chave Informação científi ca. Arquivos abertos. Gestão da segurança e saúde no trabalho. Gestão do conhecimento. Gestão da qualidade. Open archives and instruments of quality management as resources for disseminating scientifi c information in occupational health and safety Abstract The objective of this study is to present the philosophy of open archives as an instrument for occupational health and safety (OHS) management. The survey method stands for the bibliography research, together with an interview session with the 23 OSH management professionals that enabled the further understanding about access level and the perception on scientifi c information by these professionals. Qualitative and quantitative questionnaire analysis showed the open archives initiative, through digital information repositories as an instrument for the occupational health and safety management, as well as need of developing policies on incentive to generation and sharing of intellectual capital among the community in question, encouraging the construction of an OSH digital repository, for maintaining most of all the worker’s physical and mental integrity. Lack of available information in this area is still a barrier to the occupational knowledge management for promoting the safety and healthy work development in the organizations. Keywords Scientifi c information. Open archives. Occupational health and safety management. Knowledge management. Quality management

Thymopoiesis and regulatory T cells in healthy children and adolescents

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between T cell receptor excision circle levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and regulatory T cells that co-express CD25 and Foxp3 in healthy children and adolescents of different ages. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The quantification of signal-joint T-cell receptor excision circle levels in the genomic DNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed using real-time quantitative PCR. The analysis of CD4, CD8, CD25, and Foxp3 expression was performed using flow cytometry. RESULTS: Ninety-five healthy controls (46 females and 49 males) ranging in age from 1 to 18 years were analyzed. The mean T-cell receptor excision circle count in all individuals was 89.095¡36.790 T-cell receptor excision circles per microgram of DNA. There was an inverse correlation between T-cell receptor excision circles counts and age (r = -0.846; p<0.001) as well as between the proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells and age (r = -0.467; p = 0.04). In addition, we observed a positive correlation between the amount of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells and the amount of Tcell receptor excision circles per microgram of DNA in individuals of all ages (r = -0.529; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we observed a decrease in the thymic function with age based on the fact that the level of T-cell receptor excision circles in the peripheral blood positively correlated with the proportion of regulatory T cells in healthy children and adolescents. These findings indicate that although T-cell receptor excision circles and regulatory T cells levels decrease with age, homeostasis of the immune system and relative regulatory T cells population levels are maintained in the peripheral blood

Envelhecimento populacional: realidade atual e desafios

The aim was to reflect on active aging and the influence of internal and external factors that contribute and even influence the aging process and how Brazil is preparing to face the new reality in relation to significant age group changes and, therefore, change in the general scope. This is a reflective study, with a search in electronic databases that point to population aging. It was evident that there is a great concern in what is discerned about the aging process, without making the necessary decisions so that the health of the individual in the aging process is taken care of as a whole and not partially.Objetivou-se refletir sobre o envelhecimento ativo e a influência de fatores internos e externos que contribuem e até influenciam no processo de envelhecimento e como o Brasil, está se preparando para enfrentar a nova realidade em relação a mudanças significativas de faixa etária e sendo assim, mudança no âmbito geral. Trata-se de estudo de reflexão, com busca nas bases de dados eletrônicas que apontam para o envelhecimento populacional. Evidenciou-se que há uma grande preocupação no que discerne sobre o processo de envelhecer, sem a tomada de decisões necessárias para que a saúde do indivíduo em processo de envelhecimento seja cuidado como um todo e não parcialmente

Envelhecimento populacional: realidade atual e desafios

The aim was to reflect on active aging and the influence of internal and external factors that contribute and even influence the aging process and how Brazil is preparing to face the new reality in relation to significant age group changes and, therefore, change in the general scope. This is a reflective study, with a search in electronic databases that point to population aging. It was evident that there is a great concern in what is discerned about the aging process, without making the necessary decisions so that the health of the individual in the aging process is taken care of as a whole and not partially.Objetivou-se refletir sobre o envelhecimento ativo e a influência de fatores internos e externos que contribuem e até influenciam no processo de envelhecimento e como o Brasil, está se preparando para enfrentar a nova realidade em relação a mudanças significativas de faixa etária e sendo assim, mudança no âmbito geral. Trata-se de estudo de reflexão, com busca nas bases de dados eletrônicas que apontam para o envelhecimento populacional. Evidenciou-se que há uma grande preocupação no que discerne sobre o processo de envelhecer, sem a tomada de decisões necessárias para que a saúde do indivíduo em processo de envelhecimento seja cuidado como um todo e não parcialmente

Number Processing and Calculation in Brazilian Children Aged 7-12 Years

Numerical cognition is based on two components - number processing and calculation. Its development is influenced by biological, cognitive, educational, and cultural factors. The objectives of the present study were to: i) assess number processing and calculation in Brazilian children aged 7-12 years from public schools using the Zareki-R (Battery of neuropsychological tests for number processing and calculation in children, Revised; von Aster & Dellatolas, 2006) in order to obtain normative data for Portuguese speakers; ii) identify how environment, age, and gender influences the development of these mathematical skills; iii) investigate the construct validity of the Zareki-R by the contrast with the Arithmetic subtest of WISC-III. The sample included 172 children, both genders, divided in two groups: urban (N = 119) and rural (N = 53) assessed by the Zareki-R. Rural children presented lower scores in one aspect of number processing; children aged 7-8 years demonstrated an inferior global score than older; boys presented a superior performance in both number processing and calculation. Construct validity of Zareki-R was demonstrated by high to moderate correlations with Arithmetic subtest of WISC-III. The Zareki-R therefore is a suitable instrument to assess the development of mathematical skills, which is influenced by factors such as environment, age, and gende

Multiparametric radiobiological assays show that variation of X-ray energy strongly impacts relative biological effectiveness: comparison between 220 kV and 4 MV

International audienceBased on classic clonogenic assay, it is accepted by the scientific community that, whatever the energy, the relative biological effectiveness of X-rays is equal to 1. However, although X-ray beams are widely used in diagnosis, interventional medicine and radiotherapy, comparisons of their energies are scarce. We therefore assessed in vitro the effects of low- and high-energy X-rays using Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by performing clonogenic assay, measuring viability/mortality, counting γ-H2AX foci, studying cell proliferation and cellular senescence by flow cytometry and by performing gene analysis on custom arrays. Taken together, excepted for γ-H2AX foci counts, these experiments systematically show more adverse effects of high energy X-rays, while the relative biological effectiveness of photons is around 1, whatever the quality of the X-ray beam. These results strongly suggest that multiparametric analysis should be considered in support of clonogenic assay

Imbalance of naive and memory T lymphocytes with sustained high cellular activation during the first year of life from uninfected children born to HIV-1-infected mothers on HAART

The immune consequences of in utero HIV exposure to uninfected children whose mothers were submitted to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) during gestation are not well defined. We evaluated 45 HIV-exposed uninfected (ENI) neonates and 45 healthy unexposed control (CT) neonates. All HIV-infected mothers received HAART during pregnancy, and the viral load at delivery was <50 copies/mL for 56.8%. Twenty-three ENI neonates were further evaluated after 12 months and compared to 23 unexposed healthy age-matched infants. Immunophenotyping was performed by flow cytometry in cord and peripheral blood. Cord blood lymphocyte numbers did not differ between groups. However, ENI neonates had a lower percentage of naive T cells than CT neonates (CD4+, 76.6 vs 83.1%, P < 0.001; CD8+, 70.9 vs 79.6%, P = 0.003) and higher percentages of central memory T cells than CT neonates (CD4+, 13.9 vs 8.7%, P < 0.001; CD8+, 8.6 vs 4.8%, P = 0.001). CD38 mean fluorescence intensity of T cells was higher in ENI neonates (CD4+, 62.2 vs 52.1, P = 0.007; CD8+, 47.7 vs 35.3, P < 0.001). At 12 months, ENI infants still had higher mean fluorescence intensity of CD38 on T cells (CD4+, 34.2 vs 23.3, P < 0.001; CD8+, 26.8 vs 19.4, P = 0.035). Despite effective maternal virologic control at delivery, HIV-exposed uninfected children were born with lower levels of naive T cells. Immune activation was present at birth and remained until at least 12 months of age, suggesting that in utero exposure to HIV causes subtle immune abnormalities.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Disciplina de Infectologia PediátricaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Pediatria Disciplina de Pediatria NeonatalUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de MedicinaUniversidade de São Paulo Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo Laboratório de VirologiaUNIFESP, Disciplina de Infectologia PediátricaUNIFESP, Depto. de Pediatria Disciplina de Pediatria NeonatalUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de MedicinaFAPESP: 01/11011-6SciEL