Survey of anadromous fish spawning areas: completion report, project AFC-8 July 1970 - January 1975 for Potomac River drainage, Upper Chesapeake Bay drainage

This report summarizes Project AFC-8 ("Survey of Anadromous Fish Spawning Areas") stream investigation and improvement activities for the entire study period of July 1970 to January 1975. The four and one-half year study included four inter-related jobs or types of stream investigation: Literature and Data Review, Fishery Investigation, Stream Investigation, Data Summarization and Storage/Preparation of Report. (Document has 229 pages.

The Blue Crab Fisheries in the Chesapeake Bay Problems and Approaches

Regulations of the blue crab (Calinectes sapidus) fishery in the Chesapeake Bay have been based on empirical reasoning involving biological, economic, political and sociological considerations. These regulations cover licensing, size and sex limits, quotas, seasons, and gear restrictions. They are designed to promote utilization of the resource for near maximum production, a reasonable economic return from adequate catch per unit of effort, and orderly fishing to minimize conflicts between units and types of gear.https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsbooks/1153/thumbnail.jp

High-throughput screening of excipients with a biological effect: a kinetic study on the effects of surfactants on efflux-mediated transport

Objective In this study, we develop and apply a high-throughput screening protocol to investigate the activity of non-ionic surfactants, with a broad range of hydrophilic–lipophilic balance values, against ABCB1-mediated efflux transport and ABCC2-mediated efflux transport. Methods Caco-2 cells were grown for 7 days in 96-well plates, then washed and incubated with the test materials for 2 h in the presence of 2.5 lM of either rhodamine 123 (R-123) or 5(6)-Carboxy-20,70 dichlorofluorescein diacetate as probes of ABCB1 and ABCC2, respectively. Key findings Of the surfactants tested, no activity against ABCC2 was detected and all surfactants showing efficacy against ABCB1 had a HLB value of 22 or below. Inhibition of ABCB1 was seen in the order of efficacy to be poloxamer 335 > poloxamer 40 > Crovol A-70 > Myrj S-40 > poloxamer 184 > poloxamer 182 > Etocas 40 > Tween 20 > Etocas 29 > Tween 80 > Acconon C-44 > Span 20. With regard to this inhibition, the distribution of hydrophilic regions is more important than the HLB value. Conclusion This work demonstrates a high-throughput protocol for detecting materials that can modulate ABCB1-mediated efflux. These surfactants could be exploited to improve oral delivery of drugs prone to efflux

Nanoparticles of Poly(Lactide-Co-Glycolide)-d-a-Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate Random Copolymer for Cancer Treatment

Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Nanomaterials and nanotechnologies could provide potential solutions. In this research, a novel biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-d-a-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (PLGA-TPGS) random copolymer was synthesized from lactide, glycolide and d-a-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) by ring-opening polymerization using stannous octoate as catalyst. The obtained random copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, GPC and TGA. The docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles made of PLGA-TPGS copolymer were prepared by a modified solvent extraction/evaporation method. The nanoparticles were then characterized by various state-of-the-art techniques. The results revealed that the size of PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles was around 250 nm. The docetaxel-loaded PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles could achieve much faster drug release in comparison with PLGA nanoparticles. In vitro cellular uptakes of such nanoparticles were investigated by CLSM, demonstrating the fluorescence PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles could be internalized by human cervix carcinoma cells (HeLa). The results also indicated that PLGA-TPGS-based nanoparticles were biocompatible, and the docetaxel-loaded PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles had significant cytotoxicity against Hela cells. The cytotoxicity against HeLa cells for PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles was in time- and concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, PLGA-TPGS random copolymer could be acted as a novel and promising biocompatible polymeric matrix material applicable to nanoparticle-based drug delivery system for cancer chemotherapy

A novel approach to oral iron delivery using ferrous sulphate loaded solid lipid nanoparticles

Iron (Fe) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN’s) were formulated using stearic acid and iron absorp-tion was evaluated in vitro using the cell line Caco-2 with intracellular ferritin formation as a marker ofiron absorption. Iron loading was optimised at 1% Fe (w/w) lipid since an inverse relation was observedbetween initial iron concentration and SLN iron incorporation efficiency. Chitosan (Chi) was included toprepare chitosan coated SLN’s. Particle size analysis revealed a sub-micron size range (300.3 ± 31.75 nmto 495.1 ± 80.42 nm), with chitosan containing particles having the largest dimensions. As expected,chitosan (0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4% w/v) conferred a net positive charge on the particle surface in a concen-tration dependent manner. For iron absorption experiments equal doses of Fe (20 �M) from selectedformulations (SLN-FeA and SLN-Fe-ChiB) were added to Caco-2 cells and intracellular ferritin proteinconcentrations determined. Caco-2 iron absorption from SLN-FeA (583.98 ± 40.83 ng/mg cell protein)and chitosan containing SLN-Fe-ChiB (642.77 ± 29.37 ng/mg cell protein) were 13.42% and 24.9% greaterthan that from ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) reference (514.66 ± 20.43 ng/mg cell protein) (p ≤ 0.05). Wedemonstrate for the first time preparation, characterisation and superior iron absorption in vitro fromSLN’s, suggesting the potential of these formulations as a novel system for oral iron delivery

Development of the Indiana Historical Aerial Photo Index

This PowerPoint presentation was given at the 2008 Indiana GIS Conference, Indianapolis, Indiana, on February 19, 2008.The Indiana Geological Survey (IGS) has created an interactive map (http://igs.indiana.edu/IHAPI) to facilitate the identification and retrieval of historical aerial photographs (HAPs). Large-format photomosaic index maps were scanned, georeferenced, and mosaicked to produce 951 county-based images dating from the 1930s to the 1980s. A shapefile was then created showing the locations of 113,016 individual HAPs. The interactive map allows users to easily locate a site of interest and determine unique identification numbers for individual HAPs. Copies of HAPs can then be ordered from various archival collections, including the IGS archive, which contains 39,992 photos. Video tutorials have been created to assist users

Phoenix, Arizona, revisited : indications of aerosol effects on O{sub 3}, NO{sub 2}, UV-B, and NO{sub 3}.

Fine particulate matter and tropospheric ozone levels are of concern because of their potential for health impacts, as well as their radiative effects. Both ozone and PM-2.5 standards are being exceeded in many urban and regional areas where transport and background levels can appreciably affect observed concentrations. Anthropogenic nitrogen oxides and other primary pollutant species can interact with natural organics to form secondary aerosol products via synthesis of nitric acid and its subsequent reaction with ammonia to yield ammonium nitrate. In addition, natural organics and lower-reactivity organic compounds, particularly aromatic species and monoterpenes, can generate secondary organic aerosols, both of which contribute to the formation of PM-2.5. Long-range transport and chemical transformation of hydrocarbons and NO{sub x} via both photochemical reactions and nighttime chemistry can generate significant regional levels of ozone (O{sub 3}) and other oxidants, such as peroxyacyl nitrates

Potential use of cholecalciferol polyethylene glycol succinate as a novel pharmaceutical additive

10.1002/jbm.a.31402Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part A844954-964JBMR

Effects of PEG tethering chain length of vitamin E TPGS with a Herceptin-functionalized nanoparticle formulation for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs

10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.003Biomaterials35103340-3347BIMA