Came the Horses

Poe

American Flyer

Poe

Great Horned

Poe

Butterflies

Poe

Plasma Distribution and Signaling Activities of IGF-II Precursors

“Big” and pro-IGF-II are routinely present in human plasma in addition to mature IGF-II, and both activate signaling through the insulin receptor

The Natural History of Retinopathy in Insulin-Dependent Juvenile-Onset Diabetes

We determined the cross-sectional natural history of retinopathy by prospective study of 461 insulin-dependent juvenile-onset diabetics. In so doing, we compared the sensitivity of ophthalmoscopy, photography, and fluorescein angiography in detecting retinopathy. Photography was far more reliable than ophthalmoscopy in detecting early retinopathy and equivalent to angiography. Retinopathy was not present at diagnosis of diabetes. After a lag period, the prevalence of retinopathy rose in sigmoidal fashion, reaching 50% at just over seven years duration, and asymptotically approaching 90% at 17–50 years. Proliferative retinopathy was first seen at 13 years duration, and its prevalence rose to 26% at 26–50 years. From the natural history we computed the dimensions of a proposed clinical trial to test the effect of tight metabolic control in prevention of retinopathy