Dramatically Increased Rearrangement and Peripheral Representation of Vβ14 Driven by the 3′Dβ1 Recombination Signal Sequence

AbstractV(D)J recombination is targeted by short recombination signal (RS) sequences that are relatively conserved but exhibit natural sequence variations. To evaluate the potential of RS sequence variations to determine the primary and peripheral TCRβ repertoire, we generated mice containing specific replacement of the endogenous Vβ14 RS with the 3′Dβ1 RS (Vβ14/3′DβRS). These mice exhibited a dramatic increase in Vβ14+ thymocyte numbers at the expense of thymocytes expressing other Vβs. In addition, the percentage of peripheral Vβ14+ αβ T lymphocytes was similarly increased. Strikingly, this altered Vβ repertoire resulted predominantly from a higher relative level of primary Vβ14/3′DβRS rearrangement to DβJβ complexes, despite the ability of the 3′Dβ1 RS to break B12/23 restriction and allow direct rearrangement of Vβ14/3′DβRS to Jβ segments

Application of metal − organic frameworks

The burgeoning field of metal-organic frameworks or porous coordination polymers has received increasing interest in recent years. In the last decade these microporous materials have found several applications including storage and separation of gases, sensors, catalysis and functional materials. In order to better design new metal-organic frameworks and porous coordination polymers with specific functionalities a fundamental issue is to achieve a basic understanding of the relationship between molecular parameters and structures, preferred adsorption sites and properties by using using modern theoretical methods. The focus of this mini-review is a description of the potential and emerging applications of metal-organic framework

Wikimedia Nigeria Phone Survey 2016

<div>Nigeria phone survey 2016</div><div><br></div><div>In the spring of 2016, the Wikimedia Foundation partnered with a phone survey company and conducted a large-scale survey to learn more about technology and Wikipedia use in Nigeria.</div><div><br></div><div>The 19 questions in the survey covered:</div><div>* Internet use</div><div>* Mobile phone use (smartphones & basic voice/SMS phones)</div><div>* Awareness and use of Wikipedia</div><div>* General demographics</div><div><br></div><div>This was a large-scale IVR phone survey, gathering over 2700 completed survey responses from randomly generated numbers across Nigeria.  Voice (IVR) surveys were chosen to include respondents who may not have internet access.  This approach allowed us to measure internet and smartphone penetration, along with answering other Wikipedia related questions.  Also, the scale and methodology of the survey kept the margin of error low (<2%) for questions asked of all respondents.</div><div><br></div><div>Questions this survey was designed to answer</div><div>* What is the actual number of people who use the internet?  </div><div>* Real-world behavior makes this difficult to measure from industry reports, since people might have access to the internet through school, friends, internet cafés, public Wifi, etc.</div><div>* What do people mostly use the internet for?</div><div>* How many people use smartphones?</div><div>* Do people with smartphones use the internet from just Wifi? Or just cellular service?</div><div>* How many people thought they didn’t use the internet, but do use Facebook or WhatsApp?</div><div>* How many people had heard of Wikipedia?  What did they use it for?  How often?</div><div>* If they had heard of Wikipedia, but weren’t using it, why not?</div><div><br></div

Wikimedia India Phone Survey 2016.zip

<h3>India phone survey</h3><p>There are a total of 19 questions in the survey, addressing the following categories:</p><ul><li>Internet use</li><li>Mobile phone use (smartphones & basic voice/SMS phones)</li><li>Awareness and use of Wikipedia</li></ul><div><br></div><div>The 2016 Indian phone survey is a composite of 7 individual regional surveys. The survey covered over 90% of India's geography, gathering over 9000 full responses from a set of 12 languages presented. </div><p>Here are the main questions this survey was designed to answer. However, analyzing the full data set allows you to conduct more in-depth data explorations and gain meaningful insights beyond the points presented here:</p><ul><li>What is the actual number of people who use the internet?</li></ul><p>(Real-world behavior makes this difficult to measure from industry reports, since people might have access to the internet through school, friends, internet cafés, public Wifi, etc.)</p><ul><li>For internet users: What do people mostly use the internet for?</li><li>For non-internet users: Why not use the internet?</li><li>How many people use smartphones?</li><li>Do people with smartphones use the internet from just Wifi? Or just cellular service?</li><li>How many people think that they don’t use the internet, but still use Facebook or WhatsApp?</li><li>How many people have heard of Wikipedia? What do they use it for? How often?</li><li>If they have heard of Wikipedia, but aren’t using it, why not?</li></ul

Wikimedia Iraq phone survey 1 - 2017

<p>There are a total of 17 questions in the survey, addressing the following categories:</p><ul><li>Internet use</li><li>Mobile phone use (smartphones & basic voice/SMS phones)</li><li>Awareness and use of Wikipedia</li><li>General demographics</li></ul><div><p>The survey collected 2500 total responses, representing populations in 5 geographical regions served by 3 mobile Iraqi operators. 3 language choices (Arabic, English, Kurdish) were provided.</p></div><div><p>Here are the main questions this survey was designed to answer. However, analyzing the full data set allows you to conduct more in-depth data explorations and gain meaningful insights beyond the points presented here.</p><ul><li>What is the actual number of people who use the internet?</li></ul><dl><dd><dl><dd>(Real-world behavior makes this difficult to measure from industry reports, since people might have access to the internet through school, friends, internet cafés, public Wifi, etc.)</dd></dl></dd></dl><ul><li>For internet users: What do people mostly use the internet for?</li><li>For non-internet users: Why not use the internet?</li><li>How many people use smartphones?</li><li>Do people with smartphones use the internet from just Wifi? Or just cellular service?</li><li>How many people think that they don’t use the internet, but still use Facebook or WhatsApp?</li><li>How many people have heard of Wikipedia? What do they use it for? How often?</li><li>If they have heard of Wikipedia, but aren’t using it, why not?</li></ul><p><br>Compared to previous phone surveys in other countries, the 2017 Iraq phone survey presented new questions.</p><ul><li>What are people’s awareness of other major internet brands in comparison to Wikipedia?</li><li>Can people find online content in their preferred language?</li><li>How does data cost impact internet use?</li></ul></div