La justicia administrativa en Europa (Anotaciones en torno a su evolución hacia un sistema de plena jurisdicción y sobre otros retos actuales)

El trabajo es una aproximación al proceso evolutivo seguido por la justicia administrativa en los últimos años, constatando la coincidencia de las transformaciones llevadas a cabo en varios ordenamientos jurídicos con la finalidad de recuperar la plena normalización en el control judicial de las decisiones adoptadas por las Administraciones Públicas. Asimismo, se exponen diferentes cuestiones que constituyen desafíos particularmente problemáticos en orden a lograr que la jurisdicción contencioso-administrativa pueda cumplir en plenitud su papel de garante del Estado de Derecho.This paper is an approach to the evolutionary process followed by the european administrative justice in the last years. The paper focus on the coincidence of the transformations carried out in various legal frameworks with the purpose of recovering the full normalization in the judicial review of decisions taken by the Public Administrations. Also the paper expose different problematic questions considered challenges in orden to ensure that the administrative justice can fully accomplish its role as guarantor of the constitutional rule of la

Benefits and risks of growth hormone in adults with growth hormone deficiency

[Resumen] La deficiencia de hormona del crecimiento («growth hormone», GH) en el adulto es un síndrome clínico plenamente reconocido que entraña consecuencias adversas para la salud. Muchas de ellas pueden ser mejoradas mediante el tratamiento con GH recombinante. Este tratamiento induce un aumento de la masa magra y una reducción de la masa adiposa. En estudios a largo plazo la densidad mineral ósea se incrementa y mejora la fuerza muscular. La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud suele incrementarse. El perfil lipídico y algunos marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular mejoran con el tratamiento. Este, sin embargo, no está exento de riesgos. La GH eleva la glucemia, el índice de masa corporal y la circunferencia de la cintura, y puede favorecer el desarrollo a largo plazo de diabetes y de síndrome metabólico, según algunos estudios. El riesgo de neoplasia no parece incrementado en adultos tratados con GH, pero existen algunos subgrupos de riesgo elevado. Las deficiencias metodológicas y las dificultades inherentes a los estudios a largo plazo impiden extraer conclusiones definitivas sobre la relación entre GH y supervivencia, por lo que la investigación en este campo debe permanecer activa.[Abstract] Adult growth hormone (GH) deficiency is a well-recognized clinical syndrome with adverse health consequences. Many of these may improve after replacement therapy with recombinant GH. This treatment induces an increase in lean body mass and a decrease in fat mass. In long-term studies, bone mineral density increases and muscle strength improves. Health-related quality of life tends to increase after treatment with GH. Lipid profile and markers of cardiovascular risk also improve with therapy. Nevertheless, GH replacement therapy is not without risk. According to some studies, GH increases blood glucose, body mass index and waist circumference and may promote long-term development of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Risk of neoplasia does not appear to be increased in adults treated with GH, but there are some high-risk subgroups. Methodological shortcomings and difficulties inherent to long-term studies prevent definitive conclusions about the relationship between GH and survival. Therefore, research in this field should remain active

Herramienta de apoyo a la docencia de algoritmos de selección de instancias

En el currículo de ingeniería informática la minería de datos y el aprendizaje automático son cada vez más relevantes, tanto en los cursos de grado y máster, como también en los de doctorado. Prueba de ello es la aparición de diversas herramientas que facilitan el aprendizaje de algoritmos relacionados con la disciplina, mediante la ejecución paso a paso de los mismos y la visualización de los resultados. Sin embargo, para el caso concreto de los algoritmos de selección de instancias, estas herramientas son prácticamente inexistentes. En el presente recurso docente se presenta una herramienta implementada para cubrir esta carencia. «Instance Selection», que es como se llama la aplicación, está preparada para mostrar el funcionamiento tanto de los algoritmos clásicos como alguno de los más modernos, permitiendo la ejecución paso a paso y visualizando los resultados intermedios para facilitar la labor didáctica. Las principales ventajas de la aplicación descrita en este recurso docente son: que implementa varios algoritmos, lo que permite su comparación, es multiplataforma, permite la visualización incremental de los pasos de los algoritmos implementados, la interfaz está preparada para varios idiomas e incluye una completa ayuda.SUMMARY -- In computer engineering curricula Data Mining and Machine Learning are increasingly important in both undergraduate and masters, as well as the PhD courses. The emergence of several tools that facilitate learning algorithms related to the discipline proves that. Some of these tools allow the execution of algorithms step by step showing the results of each step, others let the student change the algorithm parameters and the student can visualize the results. However, for the specific case of instance selection algorithms these tools are virtually nonexistent. This paper discusses a tool implemented to fill this gap. “Instance Selection”, which is the name of the application, is prepared to show the operation of both classical instance selection algorithms as some of the most modern, allowing the execution step by step and displaying the intermediate results to facilitate the teaching task. The main advantages of the application described in this teaching resource are that it implements several algorithms, allowing comparison between them, it is multi-platform, it allows the interactive visualization of the steps of the implemented algorithms, the interface is ready for several languages, it includes comprehensive help.Peer Reviewe

Un estimador de error residual para el método de los elementos finitos

Los estimadores de error residuales se basan en resolver de manera aproximada la ecuación que caracteriza al error. En este artículo se presenta un estimador de error basado en la resolución de problemas locales mediante submallas que discretizan cada uno de los elementos. En cada uno de estos problemas elementales se imponen condiciones de contorno de Dirichlet. De esta manera se obtiene una primera estima que sólo tiene en cuenta información interior a los elementos. En esta primera fase no se considera la contribución al error asociada a los saltos de flujo a través de los lados de los elementos. En una segunda fase se incluye esta información. Sin embargo, a diferencia de otros estimadores, esto se lleva a cabo sin calcular los saltos y, por consiguiente, se evita tener que equilibrar los flujos de error. Esto se hace conservando la filosofía de la primera fase, es decir resolviendo problemas locales discretizados mediante submallas. Los subdominios asociados a estos problemas se solapan con los elementos y recubren sus lados. Esto último hace que esta segunda fase recoja el efecto de los saltos de flujo. En esta segunda fase, la estima se somete a restricciones adicionales que permiten que se pueda sumar al resultado de la primera fase. El estimador que se calcula a partir de la combinación de las dos fases proporciona buenos resultados en los ejemplos de aplicación, comparado con otros estimadores existentes.Peer Reviewe

Enviromental patterns and intermittent cascades

Real environmental flows are non-homogeneous, of fundamental interest is to determine and quantify turbulent diffusion from the available conditions of the flow, because the role of buoyancy and rotation modify the flow topology with often the dominant scale occurring when these two forces are in equilibrium. In geophysical flows both in the Atmosphere and the Ocean, the main forcing occurs at the Rossby deformation Radius with both direct and inverse energy cascades [1,2]. The role of the spectra of steady and decaying turbulence is important as well as its scale to scale conditions, so that a large range of scales has to be taken into account. When mixing and dispersion processes are studied, the behaviour of reactants or pollutants is seen to depend of both the intermittency of the vorticity and energy spectra. If irreversible molecular mixing has to be accounted, the range of scales spans from hundreds of Kilometres to the Bachelor or Kolmogorov sub millimeter scales. It is important to evaluate mixing and compare with oscillating grid experiments, Redondo [3], across a density interface measuring entrainment and grid decaying non steady mixing. These experiments are evaluated and compared with results of a Kinematic simulation model, Castilla [4]. The local vorticity is evaluated confirming the trapping of tracers in the strong vertical regions in 2D flows, but showing also that hyperdiffusion may also occur. Intermittency was evaluated using numerical evaluation of higher order moments in different types of 2D and 3D turbulence.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Efecto del saque en el rendimiento de la recepción y en el complejo I en función del contacto del balón con la red y el tipo de saque, en voleibol

[EN] The contact of the serve’s ball with the net in volleyball generates uncertainty in the receivers, due to the change in trajectory and speed that occurs. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of the serve contact with the net on the performance of the receiving team, on male teams of the highest international level. A total of 4,227 actions of reception or side-out corresponding to 29 matches were analysed, of which only 275 contacted the net (5.42%). Reception performance was higher in the power jump serves that contacted with the net (p<0.001). However, the effect of contact with the net on floating serves did not have a significant impact. The final performance of the side-out did not make a significant impact neither. In conclusion, the contact of the ball with the net affects the reception performance in the highest international men's volleyball teams.S

Reception and performance in high level male volleyball: A relational study

[EN] The aim of this study was to know the association of the reception zone on the performance of the reception of the high-performance male volleyball teams, considering the impact of rotation. The sample consist of 4223 KI sequences, belonging to 29 men's matches of world national teams of the highest level played between 2012 and 2016. The 3 main variables were: the rotation of the team in reception; the reception area; and the reception performance. For data analysis, Pearson's Chi-square analysis has been used to determine the influence of rotation in the reception area, and ordinal regression models to determine the influence of the reception area and the interaction of rotation on the reception performance. The level of significance was set at p = .05. Results showed differences in the distribution of the serve depending on the team's rotation (p < .001; V = 0.123). Significant relationships and interactions were also found between the rotation of the equipment and the reception area, that allow us to understand the greater or lesser probability of achieving a better reception performance (p < .001). In conclusion, the reception area is associated with the rotation of the team, which seems to be related to tactical decisions during the serve of the rival team. Furthermore, the reception performance is different depending on the rotation of the equipment, the reception area, and the interaction between both variables.S

Collection and integration of local knowledge and experience through a collective spatial analysis

This article discusses the convenience of adopting an approach of Collective Spatial Analysis in the P/PGIS processes, with the aim of improving the collection and integration of knowledge and local expertise in decision-making, mainly in the fields of planning and adopting territorial policies. Based on empirical evidence, as a result of the review of scientific articles from the Web of Science database, in which it is displayed how the knowledge and experience of people involved in decision-making supported by P/PGIS are collected and used, a prototype of a WEB-GSDSS application has been developed. This prototype allows a group of people to participate anonymously, in an asynchronous and distributed way, in a decision-making process to locate goods, services, or events through the convergence of their views. Via this application, two case studies for planning services in districts of Ecuador and Italy were carried out. Early results suggest that in P/PGIS local and external actors contribute their knowledge and experience to generate information that afterwards is integrated and analysed in the decision-making process. On the other hand, in a Collective Spatial Analysis, these actors analyse and generate information in conjunction with their knowledge and experience during the process of decision-making. We conclude that, although the Collective Spatial Analysis approach presented is in a subjective and initial stage, it does drive improvements in the collection and integration of knowledge and local experience, foremost among them is an interdisciplinary geo-consensusPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version