Efecto repelente y tiempo de protección de aceites esenciales frente al estadio adulto de Aedes aegypti

The aim of this was to evaluate the repellent effect and protection time of essential oils against the adult Aedes aegypti mosquito. A completely randomized design was used with a factorial arrangement that included 10 essential oils (Minthostachys mollis, Schinus molle, Ruta graveolens, Piper aduncun, Myrica pubescens, Lippia alba, Mentha piperita, Lantana glutinosa, Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus globulus and the DEET control. 10%) and four concentrations of the oils (125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/ml). Each experimental group consisted of 50 adult female A. aegypti mosquitoes raised in the laboratory and the repellent effect and protection time were evaluated using a sedated animal bait (Rattus rattus) with applications of 0.1 ml of the oils on the legs, tail and face. The rats and mosquitoes were found in two communicating cages of 25x25x40 cm. The oils with the greatest repellent effect and protection time, respectively, were C. citratus (97.4%; 165 minutes), E. globulus (95.8%; 165 minutes), L. glutinosa (93.8%; 180 minutes) and M. piperite (93.5%; 180 minutes) in its highest concentration (1000 mg/l); with differences between oils and between concentrations (p<0.001). Likewise, DEET 10% obtained a repellency of 95.3% and a protection time of 173 minutes. It is concluded that the essential oils of C. citratus, E. globulus, L. glutinosa and M. piperita can be considered as having natural repellent potential for A. aegypti.El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto repelente y tiempo de protección de aceites esenciales frente al mosquito adulto de Aedes aegypti. Se trabajó con un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial que incluyó 10 aceites esenciales (Minthostachys mollis, Schinus molle, Ruta graveolens, Piper aduncun, Myrica pubescens, Lippia alba, Mentha piperita, Lantana glutinosa, Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus globulus y el control DEET 10%) y cuatro concentraciones de los aceites (125, 250, 500 y 1000 mg/ml). Cada grupo experimental se constituyó por 50 mosquitos hembra adultos de A. aegypti criados en laboratorio y el efecto repelente y tiempo de protección se evaluaron usando un cebo animal sedado (Rattus rattus) con aplicaciones de 0.1 ml de los aceites en patas, cola y cara. Las ratas y los mosquitos se encontraron en dos jaulas comunicadas de 25x25x40 cm. Los aceites con mayor efecto repelente y tiempo de protección, respectivamente, fueron: C. citratus (97.4%; 165 minutos), E. globulus (95.8%; 165 minutos), L. glutinosa (93.8%; 180 minutos) y M. piperita (93.5%; 180 minutos) en su concentración mayor concentración (1000 mg/l); con diferencias entre aceites y entre concentraciones (p<0.001). Asimismo, el DEET 10% obtuvo una repelencia de 95.3 % y tiempo de protección de 173 minutos. Se concluye que los aceites esenciales de C. citratus, E. globulus, L. glutinosa y M. piperita pueden considerarse con potencial repelente natural para A. aegypti

Lavado de manos, lavado de boca

Introducción: Durante la pandemia por COVID-19, seguimos trabajando virtualmente. Muchas plantas medicinales refuerzan el sistema inmunitario. Usamos la Matricaria Chamomilla Lineé (MC) o “Manzanilla”, en enjuagues bucales (EB), haciendo infusión de su inflorescencia, aplicando su acción antiinflamatoria y anti infecciosa, para prevenir la mayor fuente del contagio a través de las gotitas de Flügge de la saliva, acompañado del cepillado dental. Objetivos: Colaborar contra la pandemia por COVID-19, cuidando la salud de la población. Metodología: Fase I: nos reunimos con el equipo del proyecto, a través de zoom, donde nos reparten las tareas a realizar, en la escuela primaria Nº15 “General Manuel Belgrano” del barrio “Campamento” de Ensenada, que tiene jornada completa y funciona según normativas vigentes y la Unidad Sanitaria “Campamento” de Ensenada, donde atienden los consultorios de Odontología, Obstetricia, Clínica Médica y Vacunación en doble turno. Fase II: colaboramos en la confección de material didáctico para la Escuela y Unidad Sanitaria, que se envían online, para alumnos, docentes, pacientes y profesionales. Fase III: presentamos nuestra experiencia en eventos científicos, Capítulo estudiantil, para la difusión a otros alumnos. Resultados: mejoramos la salud poblacional. Conclusiones: Si informamos sobre los síntomas de la enfermedad, las normas y recomendaciones para evitar la propagación del virus SARS-CoV2,higiene, (EB), en esta población de riesgo, de esta región geográfica, estamos dando batalla a la pandemia.Facultad de Odontologí

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Asociación de insulina con niveles de cortisol en pacientes hospitalizados de 2 a 15 años con índice de masa corporal mayor al percentil 85

TesisObjetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio fue valorar la asociación de insulina y niveles de cortisol con un IMC mayor al percentil 85 en un grupo de pacientes de 2 a 15 años que fueron hospitalizados en el servicio de pediatría de HRHDE. Métodos: Estudio transversal mediante selección por conveniencia de 32 pacientes de 2 a 15 años de edad que fueron hospitalizados en el servicio de pediatría de HRHDE y cuya valoración de IMC estuvo por encima del percentil 85. Mediante métodos convencionales se midieron el peso, la estatura, y se valoraron después de ayuno de 12 horas, glucosa, cortisol e insulina. Se estimaron el HOMA-IR. Los percentiles de peso para edad, talla para edad e IMC para edad se calcularon utilizando las tablas de crecimiento de la CDC. Para valorar la diferencia de prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad entre sexo y edades se realizó la X2 para diferencias entre marcadores bioquímicos entre los que presentaban sobrepeso y obesidad, además de acantosis nigricans con resistencia a la insulina y antecedentes familiares. Resultados: Se observó alta prevalencia de sobrepeso (53,10%) y obesidad (46,9%) con diferencias significativas por grupo de edad,2 a 5 años (6,2%) de 6 a 9 años (53,1%) y de 10 a 15 años de (40,6%) y prevalencia del sexo femenino con (56,3%) de hipercolesterolemia (26%). El IMC se asoció positivamente la insulina, y la HOMA-IR, antecedentes de obesidad y la acantosis nigricans con resistencia a la insulina. Los niños con obesidad tuvieron niveles más altos de insulina, Homa-IR, e influencia de antecedente familiar de obesidad. Conclusiones: Existe una asociación entre hiperinsulinemia en pacientes con obesidad

Predicted distributions and abundances of the sea turtle ‘lost years’ in the western North Atlantic Ocean

International audienceOceanic dispersal characterizes the early juvenile life‐stages of numerous marine species of conservation concern. This early stage may be a ‘critical period’ for many species, playing an overriding role in population dynamics. Often, relatively little information is available on their distribution during this period, limiting the effectiveness of efforts to understand environmental and anthropogenic impacts on these species. Here we present a simple model to predict annual variation in the distribution and abundance of oceanic‐stage juvenile sea turtles based on species’ reproductive output, movement and mortality. We simulated dispersal of 25 cohorts (1993–2017) of oceanic‐stage juveniles by tracking the movements of virtual hatchling sea turtles released in a hindcast ocean circulation model. We then used estimates of annual hatchling production from Kemp's ridley Lepidochelys kempii (n = 3), green Chelonia mydas (n = 8) and loggerhead Caretta caretta (n = 5) nesting areas in the northwestern Atlantic (inclusive of the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea and eastern seaboard of the U.S.) and their stage‐specific mortality rates to weight dispersal predictions. The model's predictions indicate spatial heterogeneity in turtle distribution across their marine range, identify locations of increasing turtle abundance (notably along the U.S. coast), and provide valuable context for temporal variation in the stranding of young sea turtles across the Gulf of Mexico. Further effort to collect demographic, distribution and behavioral data that refine, complement and extend the utility of this modeling approach for sea turtles and other dispersive marine taxa is warranted. Finally, generating these spatially‐explicit predictions of turtle abundance required extensive international collaboration among scientists; our findings indicate that continued conservation of these sea turtle populations and the management of the numerous anthropogenic activities that operate in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean will require similar international coordination

Evolution over Time of Ventilatory Management and Outcome of Patients with Neurologic Disease∗

OBJECTIVES: To describe the changes in ventilator management over time in patients with neurologic disease at ICU admission and to estimate factors associated with 28-day hospital mortality. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of three prospective, observational, multicenter studies. SETTING: Cohort studies conducted in 2004, 2010, and 2016. PATIENTS: Adult patients who received mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Among the 20,929 patients enrolled, we included 4,152 (20%) mechanically ventilated patients due to different neurologic diseases. Hemorrhagic stroke and brain trauma were the most common pathologies associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. Although volume-cycled ventilation remained the preferred ventilation mode, there was a significant (p < 0.001) increment in the use of pressure support ventilation. The proportion of patients receiving a protective lung ventilation strategy was increased over time: 47% in 2004, 63% in 2010, and 65% in 2016 (p < 0.001), as well as the duration of protective ventilation strategies: 406 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2004, 523 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2010, and 585 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2016 (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the length of stay in the ICU, mortality in the ICU, and mortality in hospital from 2004 to 2016. Independent risk factors for 28-day mortality were age greater than 75 years, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II greater than 50, the occurrence of organ dysfunction within first 48 hours after brain injury, and specific neurologic diseases such as hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and brain trauma. CONCLUSIONS: More lung-protective ventilatory strategies have been implemented over years in neurologic patients with no effect on pulmonary complications or on survival. We found several prognostic factors on mortality such as advanced age, the severity of the disease, organ dysfunctions, and the etiology of neurologic disease