Importancia de Haematobia irritans en la ganadería bovina de México: Situación actual y perspectivas. Revisión

The horn fly Haematobia irritans is a cosmopolitan hematophagous ectoparasite of great importance in livestock. In Mexico, H. irritans is distributed across the country, and is found during the whole year. The fluctuation of H. irritans population is related with climate conditions. Despite its wide distribution, the effects on animal health, and its negative impact on meat and milk production, little data exists on its infestation and epidemiology is limited. This paper is a review on the current situation of H. irritans in cattle in Mexico, its economic impact, control methods, perspectives, and research opportunities.La mosca de los cuernos Haematobia irritans es un ectoparásito hematófago cosmopolita de gran importancia en la ganadería. En México, H. irritans se distribuye por todo el país y se encuentra durante todo el año. La fluctuación de la población de H. irritans está relacionada con las condiciones climáticas. A pesar de su amplia distribución, los efectos sobre la salud animal y su impacto negativo en la producción de carne y leche, existen pocos datos sobre su infestación y su epidemiología es limitada. Este trabajo es una revisión sobre la situación actual de H. irritans en bovinos en México, su impacto económico, métodos de control, perspectivas y oportunidades de investigación

Loci de microsatélites y análisis de paternidad en cabras Nubia y Boer

"Los loci SRCRSP (Small Ruminant Collaborative Research Support Program) son secuencias de microsatélites polimórficos de 100-300 pares de bases de dinucleótidos repetidos que pueden ser amplificados por la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). Los alelos de un determinado locus son los productos de PCR de longitud única amplificados con iniciadores específicos. Los loci SRCRSP se han utilizado para identificar individuos, pero no para determinar la paternidad en el ganado caprino. En el presente trabajo se reporta el desarrollo de un método para evaluar la paternidad en caprinos mediante el análisis del polimorfismo de loci SRCRSP en un rebaño de 20 animales, que incluía nueve de raza Nubia y 11 Boer. Se amplificaron 36 alelos: 6 del SRCRSP-1, 5 del SRCRSP-2, 4 del SRCRSP-3, 5 del SRCRSP-4, 5 del SRCRSP-5, 6 del SRCRSP-6 y 5 del SRCRSP-9. Cuatro alelos aparecieron exclusivamente en el grupo Nubia, mientras que sólo ocho en el grupo Boer. El análisis del polimorfismo llegó a 0.995 de certeza en la exclusión correcta del segundo padre. Los loci descritos en este trabajo podrían ser utilizados para controlar la paternidad así como para identificar a los individuos en ganado caprino.""SRCRSP (Small Ruminant Collaborative Research Support Program) loci are polymorphic 100-300 base pair-long microsatellite sequences of repeated dinucleotides that can be amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Alleles of a given locus are the PCR products of unique length amplified with a set of specific primers. SRCRSP loci have been used to identify individuals but not to assess paternity in goats. We have developed a method to assess caprine paternity by polymorphism analysis of SRCRSP loci in a herd of 20 goats from two breeds, nine Nubia and 11 Boer, respectively. Thirty six alleles were amplified: 6 SRCRSP-1; 5 SRCRSP-2; 4 SRCRSP-3; 5 SRCRSP-4; 5 SRCRSP-5; 6 SRCRSP-6 and 5 SRCRSP-9. four alleles appeared only in the Nubia group and eight only in the Boer group. Polymorphism analysis led to a 0.995 certainty for correct exclusion of the second parent. The loci described in this work could be used to control goat paternity as well as to identify individuals.

La innovación y el rendimiento financiero en la industria turística: un estudio empírico en México

The objective of this work is to empirically verify the incidence of the degree of innovation, management of human resources, and management control on financial performance. For this, a study was carried out with19,703 micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) of the hotel sector in Mexico. The findings show that the variables of technological innovation and management control system explain their influence on financial performance, which can be considered a sustainable competitive advantage for these types of companies. These results support the assumptions that establish innovation and management control as sustainable competitive advantages. These successes can be useful for entrepreneurs, as they verify the need to innovate as a competitiveness strategy. Finally, this information is of interest to public management as a promoter of innovation support programs.El objetivo de este trabajo es verificar empíricamente la incidencia existente entre el grado de innovación, gestión de los recursos humanos y el control de gestión; sobre el rendimiento financiero. Para esto se realizó un estudio con 19,703 micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector hotelero de México. Los hallazgos muestran que las variables innovación tecnológica y sistema de control de gestión explican su influencia sobre el rendimiento financiero, lo que puede considerarse una ventaja competitiva sostenible para este tipo de empresas. Estos resultados respaldan los supuestos que establecen a la innovación y el de control de gestión como ventaja competitiva sostenible. Estos aciertos, pueden ser de utilidad para los empresarios, al comprobar la necesidad de innovar como estrategias de competitividad. Finalmente esta información es de interés para la gestión pública como promotora de programas de apoyo a la innovación

La innovación y el rendimiento financiero en la industria turística: un estudio empírico en México

El objetivo de este trabajo es verificar empíricamente la incidencia existente entre el grado de innovación, gestión de los recursos humanos y el control de gestión; sobre el rendimiento financiero. Para esto se realizó un estudio con 19,703 micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector hotelero de México. Los hallazgos muestran que las variables innovación tecnológica y sistema de control de gestión explican su influencia sobre el rendimiento financiero, lo que puede considerarse una ventaja competitiva sostenible para este tipo de empresas. Estos resultados respaldan los supuestos que establecen a la innovación y el de control de gestión como ventaja competitiva sostenible. Estos aciertos, pueden ser de utilidad para los empresarios, al comprobar la necesidad de innovar como estrategias de competitividad. Finalmente esta información es de interés para la gestión pública como promotora de programas de apoyo a la innovación

Energy-Aware Low-Power CMOS LNA with Process-Variations Management

A reconfigurable low-noise amplifier (LNA) with digitally controllable gain and power consumption is presented.This architecture allows increasing power consumption only when required, that is, to improve LNA’s radiofrequency performance at extreme communication-channel conditions and/or to counteract the effect of process, voltage, and temperature variations.The proposed design leads to significant power saving when a relaxed operation is acceptable. The LNA is implemented in a 130nm 1.2V CMOS technology for a 2.4GHz IEEE-802.15.4 application. Simulated LNAperformance (taking into account theworst cases under process variations) is comparable to recently published worksCAPES-Brazil 176/12Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y Cooperación D/024124/09Junta de Andalucía P09-TIC- 5386Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2011-2830

Prevalence and risk factors of Neospora caninum infection in ovine flocks of central-western Mexico

This study, carried out in 13 sheep flocks of central-western Mexico, aimed to identify the prevalence of anti-N. caninum antibodies, to develop a risk analysis of the infection and to estimate the prevalence of parasite DNA in blood. A total of 368 serum and blood samples were subjected to ELISA and PCR tests, respectively, and the association between the prevalence of antibodies and some management factors was estimated. The overall prevalence of anti-N. caninum antibodies was 13.5% [50/368; 95% confidence interval (CI) 10–17], ranging from 2.7 to 90% per flock, and 92% of the farms had seropositive animals. In ewes the prevalence was 14% (48/348, 95% CI 10–17) and in rams 10% (2/20; 95% CI 1– 33). The mean prevalence of Neospora DNA in blood was 27% (99/368, 95% CI 22–31), implying a range between 16 and 82%. In rams, the prevalence was 5% (1/20 95% CI 2–26), while in ewes it was 28% (98/348, 95% CI 23–33). The agreement between the tests was k = 0.19. The presence of other domestic animal species in the farms [odds ratio (OR) 4.4] and the consumption of placental debris, fetuses and stillborn lambs by dogs living in the farms (OR 5.8) were demonstrated to be risk factors

Control de Rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) mediante el uso del hongo entomopatógeno Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales: clavicipitaceae). Revisión

Infestations with cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus constitute the most important ectoparasite problem in the tropical and subtropical regions of the globe, resulting in major economic losses in the production of beef, milk, and leathers, in addition of increasing the cost of control programs transmitting Babesia bovis, B. bigemina and Anaplasma marginale.Las infestaciones de la garrapata del ganado, Rhipicephalus microplus, producen el mayor problema global de ectoparásitos en ganado de regiones tropicales y subtropicales, provocan importantes pérdidas económicas en la producción de carne, leche y pieles, además incrementan los gastos derivados de los programas de control, y son capaces de transmitir Babesia bovis, B. bigemina y Anaplasma marginale

Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition to face neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease: a new therapeutic strategy

Neuroinflammation is a crucial process associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Several pieces of evidence suggest an active role of lipid mediators, especially epoxy-fatty acids (EpFAs), in the genesis and control of neuroinflammation; 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-EET) is one of the most commonly studied EpFAs, with anti-inflammatory properties. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is implicated in the hydrolysis of 14,15-EET to its corresponding diol, which lacks anti-inflammatory properties. Preventing EET degradation thus increases its concentration in the brain through sEH inhibition, which represents a novel pharmacological approach to foster the reduction of neuroinflammation and by end neurodegeneration. Recently, it has been shown that sEH levels increase in brains of PD patients. Moreover, the pharmacological inhibition of the hydrolase domain of the enzyme or the use of sEH knockout mice reduced the deleterious effect of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) administration. This paper overviews the knowledge of sEH and EETs in PD and the importance of blocking its hydrolytic activity, degrading EETs in PD physiopathology. We focus on imperative neuroinflammation participation in the neurodegenerative process in PD and the putative therapeutic role for sEH inhibitors. In this review, we also describe highlights in the general knowledge of the role of sEH in the central nervous system (CNS) and its participation in neurodegeneration. We conclude that sEH is one of the most promising therapeutic strategies for PD and other neurodegenerative diseases with chronic inflammation process, providing new insights into the crucial role of sEH in PD pathophysiology as well as a singular opportunity for drug development

Infección por Neospora caninum en ganado de carne mantenido en condiciones de pastoreo en el centro-norte de México

 Objetive. To determine the seroprevalence of N. caninum antibodies and prevalence of parasite DNA in blood, and estimate the association between seroprevalence and the potential risk of some factors in beef cattle under grazing conditions in north-central Mexico. Materials and methods. Blood samples from 139 cows and only 10 bulls belonging to 13 farms were collected and evaluated by ELISA test to detect antibodies against N. caninum. Furthermore, to determine the presence of parasite DNA, nested PCR probe was performed on blood samples. Association between potential risk factors and seroprevalence was estimated. Results. Overall seroprevalence was 23% (35/149 samples), while the prevalence of parasite DNA in blood was 28% (42/149 samples). Of the 149 animals examined 28 (19%) were positive to both tests (25 cows and 3 bulls). Concordance between tests was k = 0.63. All herds had seropositive animals with positive parasite DNA detection in blood. The only risk factor identified was the presence of dogs (OR= 2.65). Conclusions. This study showed that bovine neospososis should be considered as an important infectious disease in north-central Mexico herds. Therefore, an epidemiological control should be taken into consideration to avoid the negative effect of this disease on mexican beef industry.Objetivo. Determinar la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos contra N. caninum y la prevalencia de ADN del parásito en sangre y estimar la asociación entre la seroprevalencia y algunos potenciales factores de riesgo de ganado de carne mantenido bajo condiciones de pastoreo en el centro–norte de México. Materiales y métodos. Se seleccionaron trece hatos ganaderos, en los cuales se recolectaron muestras de suero sanguíneo de 139 vacas y de solo 10 sementales, que fueron evaluados mediante la prueba de ELISA para detectar anticuerpos contra N. caninum. Por otra parte, se realizó una prueba de PCR anidado en muestras de sangre para determinar la presencia de ADN del parásito. Se estimó la asociación entre la seroprevalencia y algunos potenciales factores de riesgo. Resultados. La seroprevalencia general fue de 23%, mientras que la prevalencia a la presencia de ADN del parásito en sangre fue de 28%. Veintiocho muestras de 149 fueron positivas en ambas pruebas, mientras que 3/10 sementales fueron positivos en las dos pruebas. La concordancia entre las pruebas fue k=0.63. Todos los hatos tuvieron animales seropositivos y con presencia de ADN del parásito en sangre. El único factor de riesgo identificado fue la presencia de perros (OR=2.65). Conclusiones. La infección por N. caninum determinada en este estudio es importante, y deberá de ser más documentada; del mismo modo, algunas medidas de control deberán de considerarse para limitar sus efectos negativos en la industria mexicana de la carne

Proposing a Machine Learning Approach to Analyze and Predict Employment and its Factors

This paper presents an original study with the aim of propose and test a machine learning approach to research about employability and employment. To understand how the graduates get employed, researchers propose to build predictive models using machine learning algorithms, extracting after that the most relevant factors that describe the model and employing further analysis techniques like clustering to get deeper insights. To test the proposal, is presented a case study that involves data from the Spanish Observatory for Employability and Employment (OEEU). Using data from this project (information about 3000 students), has been built predictive models that define how these students get a job after finalizing their degrees. The results obtained in this case study are very promising, and encourage authors to refine the process and validate it in further research