Transições vivenciadas por mães de crianças/adolescentes com doença falciforme no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19

Objetivo: Analisar as transições vivenciadas por mães de crianças/adolescentes com doença falciforme após o surgimento da pandemia da COVID-19.Método: Estudo qualitativo, envolveu 19 mães de crianças e adolescentes com doença falciforme. Os dados foram obtidos mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas via WhatsApp, seguidas de Análise Temática e Classificação Hierárquica Descendente com auxílio do Interface de R pourles Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires e interpretados à luz da Teoria de Transições de Afaf Meleis.Resultados: Apoio dos familiares para deslocamento; adesão das mães à rotina de estímulos diários e exercícios físicos favoreceram as transições saudáveis; inexistência de atendimento de saúde remoto; baixos recursos socioeconômicos; interrupção do serviço de fisioterapia; e sobrecarga materna favorecem as transições insalubres.Considerações finais: Esforços/movimentos das mães asseguraram a transição saudável de crianças/adolescentes com doença falciforme durante a pandemia, ao mesmo tempo que corroborou para a transição insalubre das mesmas. Palavras-chave: COVID-19. Doença crônica. Anemia falciforme. Enfermagem. Família

CONHECIMENTO DE ENFEMEIRAS SOBRE A CRIANÇA COM DOENÇA FALCIFORME

Sickle cell disease is one of the most prevalent monogenic hereditary diseases in Brazil and in the world, therefore, a public health problem. Objective: To know the perception of nurses about sickle cell disease in pediatrics. Method: Convergent-Assistance qualitative research, which occurred in a public pediatric hospital in the interior of Bahia, in which 12 emergency nurses participated, data production took place between July 2020 and April 2021, after submission the Ethics Committee. The data collection techniques were: survey of knowledge through semi-structured interviews, convergence groups and participant observation. The data were analyzed according to the referential of the Convergent-Assistance Research and its phases: conception, instrumentalization, theorization, transfer and analysis. Results: The results showed that nurses recognize the disease in its main biological manifestation, the pain crisis, which was cited as a striking characteristic of the child with sickle cell disease. Conclusion: Nurses working in the emergency of the research scenario recognize some aspects of sickle cell disease in pediatrics, revealed incipient knowledge about the pathophysiological aspects of the disease. Descriptors: Sickle Cell Disease; Emergencies; Pediatrics; Nursing.Objetivo: conhecer a percepção das enfermeiras sobre a criança com doença falciforme. Método: pesquisa qualitativa Convergente-Assistencial, ocorrida em hospital público pediátrico, da qual participaram 12 enfermeiras da emergência no período de julho de 2020 a abril de 2021, após submissão ao Comitê de Ética. As técnicas de coleta de dados foram: sondagem do conhecimento por entrevista semiestruturada, grupos de convergência e observação participante. Os dados foram analisados conforme referencial da Pesquisa Convergente-Assistencial e suas fases, sendo elas concepção, instrumentalização, teorização, transferência e análise. Resultados: as enfermeiras reconheceram a doença pela principal manifestação clínica, a crise álgica, a qual foi citada como característica marcante da criança com doença falciforme. Considerações finais: as enfermeiras atuantes na emergência pediátrica conhecem alguns aspectos da doença falciforme e revelaram conhecimento incipiente sobre a fisiopatologia da doença. Descritores: Anemia Falciforme. Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência. Pediatria. Enfermagem. Conhecimento

Saúde da população negra no contexto da pandemia da covid-19: uma revisão narrativa / Health of the black population in the pandemic contexto of covid-19: a narrative review

Objetivo: analisar a vulnerabilidade e da população negra no contexto pandêmico da COVID- 19. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, desenvolvida pela pesquisa nas bases de dados PUBCOVID19, MEDLINE e SciELO em 2020. Resultados: O estudo permitiu a evidenciar que a vulnerabilidade da população negra no cenário da pandemia da COVID-19, se assemelha nos contextos do Brasil, Estados Unidos e Reino Unido, provocada pelo racismo estrutural que amplia as iniquidades e as condutas discriminatórias que influenciam nas maiores taxas de adoecimento e mortalidade. No Brasil os números sobre a magnitude do problema são encobertos pela ausência do preenchimento do quesito raça-cor nos formulários de atendimento, e debilidade da política de atenção integral a esse grupo especifico. Conclusão: a histórica desigualdade racial em relevo durante a pandemia a vulnerabilidade ressalta, a necessidade do reconhecimento do racismo nas instituições de saúde, e se impõe como um grande desafio a ser superado para o alcance da saúde global.

Transições vivenciadas por mães de crianças/adolescentes com doença falciforme no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19

Objetivo: Analisar as transições vivenciadas por mães de crianças/adolescentes com doença falciforme após o surgimento da pandemia da COVID-19.Método: Estudo qualitativo, envolveu 19 mães de crianças e adolescentes com doença falciforme. Os dados foram obtidos mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas via WhatsApp, seguidas de Análise Temática e Classificação Hierárquica Descendente com auxílio do Interface de R pourles Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires e interpretados à luz da Teoria de Transições de Afaf Meleis.Resultados: Apoio dos familiares para deslocamento; adesão das mães à rotina de estímulos diários e exercícios físicos favoreceram as transições saudáveis; inexistência de atendimento de saúde remoto; baixos recursos socioeconômicos; interrupção do serviço de fisioterapia; e sobrecarga materna favorecem as transições insalubres.Considerações finais: Esforços/movimentos das mães asseguraram a transição saudável de crianças/adolescentes com doença falciforme durante a pandemia, ao mesmo tempo que corroborou para a transição insalubre das mesmas. Palavras-chave: COVID-19. Doença crônica. Anemia falciforme. Enfermagem. Família

FATORES E MEDIDAS DE PREVENÇÃO DO CÂNCER DE PELE EM TRABALHADORES LIBERAIS QUE UTILIZAM MOTOCICLETA COMO MEIO DE TRANSPORTE

<p><strong>Objetivo:</strong>Determinar um grupo de risco para o câncer de pele, no qual foi analisado o perfil demográfico de trabalhadores que utilizam motocicleta como meio de transporte laboral, como moto taxistas e motoboys, e as medidas preventivas utilizadas junto aos fatores de risco que norteiam a incidência de neoplasia cutânea.  <strong>Métodos: </strong>A pesquisa tratou de um estudo quantitativo com 41 motociclistas, entre eles moto taxistas e motoboys. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de um questionário que investiga o tempo de trabalho, horário de exposição ao sol, história de queimaduras solares, história de câncer na família e formas de prevenção do câncer de pele utilizadas. Na análise dos dados, foi utilizada a estatística descritiva.<strong>Resultados:</strong>Permitiram a caracterização da classe estudada, identificada como de risco para o câncer de pele, realizando ações profiláticas em saúde, que visam a sensibilização do grupo em questão para a adoção de prevenção contra tal patologia.<strong>Conclusão/Considerações finais: </strong>Os motociclistas avaliados neste estudo apresentam importantes fatores que elevam os riscos para o desencolvimento do Câncer de Pele. Ressalta-se assim a importância de implementar as medidas de prevenção que possam minimizar os riscos.</p&gt

Implementation of a Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional (BALANCE) Program for improvement on quality of diet and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: A randomized, multicenter trial

Background: Appropriate dietary recommendations represent a key part of secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the implementation of a nutritional program on quality of diet, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with established CVD. Methods: In this open-label, multicenter trial conducted in 35 sites in Brazil, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 45 years or older to receive either the BALANCE Program (experimental group) or conventional nutrition advice (control group). The BALANCE Program included a unique nutritional education strategy to implement recommendations from guidelines, adapted to the use of affordable and regional foods. Adherence to diet was evaluated by the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index. The primary end point was a composite of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, stroke, myocardial revascularization, amputation, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Secondary end points included biochemical and anthropometric data, and blood pressure levels. Results: From March 5, 2013, to Abril 7, 2015, a total of 2534 eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the BALANCE Program group (n = 1,266) or the control group (n = 1,268) and were followed up for a median of 3.5 years. In total, 235 (9.3%) participants had been lost to follow-up. After 3 years of follow-up, mean modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (scale 0-70) was only slightly higher in the BALANCE group versus the control group (26.2 ± 8.4 vs 24.7 ± 8.6, P <.01), mainly due to a 0.5-serving/d greater intake of fruits and of vegetables in the BALANCE group. Primary end point events occurred in 236 participants (18.8%) in the BALANCE group and in 207 participants (16.4%) in the control group (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI 0.95-1.38; P =.15). Secondary end points did not differ between groups after follow-up. Conclusions: The BALANCE Program only slightly improved adherence to a healthy diet in patients with established CVD and had no significant effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events or death. © 2019 The Author

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data