Système interactif de détection de comportements dynamiques anormaux

International audienceCet article présente une approche d'identification des comportements anormaux dans le cadre de la surveillance maritime. Après avoir rappelé les problèmes de surcharge cognitive qui se posent aux opérateurs du contrôle maritime, l'article présente le processus que les contrôleurs mettent en oeuvre pour analyser une situation. Il détaille ensuite les approches d'identification existantes avant de proposer une démarche originale qui inclut l'humain dans le processus d'aide à la détection de situations anormales

Iodine budget in forest soils: Influence of environmental conditions and soil physicochemical properties

International audienceDue to its longevity, radioisotope 129I is a health concern following potential releases in the environment which raises questions about residence and exposure times relevant for risk assessments. We deter¬mined 127I concentrations (as a surrogate for 129I) in a series of French forest soils (i.e. litters, humus and mineral soils) under different vegetation and climate conditions in order to identify the major processes affecting its accumulation and persistence in the soil column. The input fluxes linked to rainfall, throughfall and litterfall were also characterized. Main results obtained showed that: (i) rainfall iodine concentrations probably influenced those of litterfall through absorption by leaves/needles returning to the ground; (ii) throughfall was the major iodine input to soils (mean = 83%), compared to litterfall (mean = 17%); (iii) humus represented a temporary storage of iodine from atmospheric and biomass deposits; (iv) iodine concentrations in soils depended on both the iodine inputs and the soil's ability to retain iodine due to its organic matter, total iron and aluminium concentrations; (v) these soil properties were the main factors influencing the accumulation of iodine in the soil column, resulting in residence times of 419-1756 years; and (vi) the leaching of iodine-containing organic matter dissolved in soil solution may be an important source of labile organic iodine for groundwater and streams

Does convective aggregation need to be represented in cumulus parameterizations?

Tropical deep convection exhibits a variety of levels of aggregation over a wide range of scales. Based on a multisatellite analysis, the present study shows at mesoscale that different levels of aggregation are statistically associated with differing large-scale atmospheric states, despite similar convective intensity and large-scale forcings. The more aggregated the convection, the dryer and less cloudy the atmosphere, the stronger the outgoing longwave radiation, and the lower the planetary albedo. This suggests that mesoscale convective aggregation has the potential to affect couplings between moisture and convection and between convection, radiation, and large-scale ascent. In so doing, aggregation may play a role in phenomena such as “hot spots” or the Madden-Julian Oscillation. These findings support the need for the representation of mesoscale organization in cumulus parameterizations; most parameterizations used in current climate models lack any such representation. The ability of a cloud system-resolving model to reproduce observed relationships suggests that such models may be useful to guide attempts at parameterizations of convective aggregation

A reference map of the human binary protein interactome.

Global insights into cellular organization and genome function require comprehensive understanding of the interactome networks that mediate genotype-phenotype relationships(1,2). Here we present a human 'all-by-all' reference interactome map of human binary protein interactions, or 'HuRI'. With approximately 53,000 protein-protein interactions, HuRI has approximately four times as many such interactions as there are high-quality curated interactions from small-scale studies. The integration of HuRI with genome(3), transcriptome(4) and proteome(5) data enables cellular function to be studied within most physiological or pathological cellular contexts. We demonstrate the utility of HuRI in identifying the specific subcellular roles of protein-protein interactions. Inferred tissue-specific networks reveal general principles for the formation of cellular context-specific functions and elucidate potential molecular mechanisms that might underlie tissue-specific phenotypes of Mendelian diseases. HuRI is a systematic proteome-wide reference that links genomic variation to phenotypic outcomes

Manuel d’utilisation VIVALDI (Visualisation et VALidation des Données des campagnes Internationales)

VIVALDI est un outil généraliste de traitement et restitution des campagnes halieutiques saisie sous Allegro. Il offre la possibilité d’intégrer, de compléter, de corriger et de visualiser les données collectées aux cours de ces campagnes, de restituer comme à son origine les données internationales Datras mais aussi les formats des campagnes de méditerranée (Medits) ainsi que les formats RSUFI permettant de générer notamment les indicateurs de population. De plus, il dispose de nouvelles fonctionnalités permettant de produire une série de résultats pouvant être présentés aux professionnels, intégrés dans les rapports de fin de mission et servir de support pour la réalisation de documents cartographiques

[Osteogenesis Imperfecta - Mutations and Phenotypes]

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous group of inherited, mostly dominant, disorders characterized by skeletal brittleness. OI generally results from mutations in the genes that encode the al(I) and alpha 2(I) chains; these chains, associated in a triple helix constitute type I collagen. Mutations leading to a purely quantitative defect result in discrete symptoms, compared to those resulting from mutations accompanied by an accumulation of mutated chains. These mutated subunits disturb the conformation of the triple helix and thus the functional properties of collagen fibrils, even in heterozygous patients. The severity of the phenotype depends on the nature of the mutated aminoacid and on its position in the protein; carboxyterminal mutations are usually more severe than aminoterminal mutations, due to the fact that the folding of the constitutive triple helix always starts from the carboxyterminal end of the chains. Moreover, triple helix being composed of two alpha 1 chains and one alpha 2 chain, mutations in alpha 1 chains are generally more deleterious than those occuring in alpha 2 chains

Point sur l’état du stock de morue de Manche-Est - Mer du Nord

L’abondance de morue en Manche-Est et en Mer du Nord est en baisse, et le recrutement 2009 est faible, voire très faible. On distingue une forte disparité spatiale : La campagne CGFS 2007 en Manche-Est a montré une forte abondance de jeunes morues (nées en 2006) d’une ampleur comparable à l’abondance de la classe 1996. Mais si cette dernière était également visible en mer du Nord (dans les campagnes internationales IBTS), l’indice IBTS pour la classe 2006 ne montre pas le pic observé en Manche. Au cours de la campagne CGFS 2008, les morues de la classe 2006 sont plus abondantes que celles de la classe 2005. Mais cette conclusion n’est pas établie pour l’ensemble du stock : l’abondance locale observée (par les scientifiques et les pêcheurs) n’est pas observée à l’échelle du stock. D’autre part, le recrutement de la classe 2008 (en 2009) est faible voire très faible

Rapport de campagne de nourriceries côtières : Campagne NourCanche 2018

Dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre du programme de surveillance de la directive cadre stratégie pour le milieu marin (DCSMM), le suivi des poissons et céphalopodes démersaux des milieux meubles côtiers a été jugé prioritaire. Pour ce faire, une série de campagnes halieutiques récurrentes a été mise en place dans les nourriceries côtières, constituant des habitats essentiels pour de nombreuses espèces marines. La caractérisation de l’état écologique des peuplements et l’étude de la fonctionnalité des habitats de nourriceries s’avèrent nécessaires au calcul des indicateurs du Bon Etat Ecologique requis par la DCSMM et primordiaux pour la mise en place de mesures de gestion écosystémique garantissant des usages durables. La campagne NourCanche conduite au large des baies de Canche et de l’Authie s’inscrit donc dans ce programme de surveillance. Il est prévu de la réaliser tous les deux ans. Le présent rapport décrit les caractéristiques des travaux menés en septembre-octobre 2018 et pourront être adaptés pour les campagnes futures

What you draw is what you search: the analog gesture

International audienceThis paper presents a new type of gesture for identifying spatio-temporal patterns: the analog gesture. Analog gestures can be characterized by some features (speed, acceleration, direction, and angle) which describe the dynamic morphology of the gesture. At first, we detail interactive tasks that should benefit for the use of analog gestures. Then we give a state of the art concerning gesture recognition and investigate the specificity and the main properties of the analog gesture. Then, we propose a review of the surveillance maritime system called Hyperion which uses analog gestures. Finally, we give an example of the use of this type of gesture by the operator. It concerns the interactive detection of ship abnormal trajectories in the context of maritime surveillance