La democratización de la cultura

Investigadores del campo de las ciencias sociales de Brasil, Colombia y México disertan sobre el tema. Teixeira Coelho compara las políticas culturales de cinco países; Jesús Martín-Barbero presenta ejemplos de dos ciudades cuyos programas culturales se han convertido en factor de reconstrucción o integración social; mientras que Raúl Fuentes Navarro reflexiona acerca de la obligación que tienen las instituciones, y específicamente las universidades, en torno a la definición de las estrategias que se deben seguir en esta materia.ITESO, A.C

The sedimentary geology of the “Serras d’Aire e Candeeiros” natural park (Portugal) : importance of the geological heritage

The main goal of this work is to contribute to the conservation and interpretation of the geological heritage of the Serras de Aires e Candeeiros Natural Park. The selection of the most relevant geosites took into account criteria of representation, exception, scientific importance, didactic clarity, accessibility, and exposure conditions

Simbologia em realidade aumentada

Tese de mestrado em Engenharia Informática, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2011A representação de símbolos gráficos para transmitir informação levanta questões cognitivas que devem ser tidas em conta para obter resultados compreensíveis em termos de visualização. Quando estes símbolos são representados sobre imagens reais, como acontece na Realidade Aumentada, estas questões tornam-se mais agudas. Sobretudo quando a visualização ocorre em ambientes exteriores: não existindo controlo sobre as características da imagem real do fundo, é necessário ir adaptando dinamicamente os símbolos gráficos que vão sendo sobrepostos. A Realidade Aumentada é uma área de estudo que surgiu no final da década de 1960, contudo, só muito recentemente tem vindo a ser aplicada em larga escala. Tal facto deve-se ao aparecimento também recente, de dispositivos móveis dotados de capacidades que suportam esta tecnologia e têm custos acessíveis ao público em geral. Por seu turno, o estudo de aspectos cognitivos relativos ao uso da cor e de símbolos tem sido tema de variados estudos. No entanto, não há ainda estudos feitos sobre a utilização de símbolos gráficos sobre imagens reais, estáticas ou em movimento, de modo a analisar como melhorar a sua visibilidade sobre o fundo real. O objectivo deste estudo foi, depois da análise do trabalho desenvolvido nesta área, implementar um protótipo que permite criar vários tipos de adaptações em símbolos gráficos e depois testar estas soluções com utilizadores. Com os resultados dos testes, tiraram-se ilações sobre as adaptações mais adequadas para desenvolver aplicações de Realidade Aumentada que vão ao encontro da satisfação do utilizador final.The representation of graphical symbols to convey information raises cognitive issues that must be taken into account to obtain comprehensible results in terms of visualization. When these symbols are drawn over real images, as in Augmented Reality, these issues become more acute. Especially when visualization occurs in outdoor environments: with the absence of control over the characteristics of the real background image, it is necessary to dynamically adapt the graphical symbols that are being overlaid. Augmented Reality is a research area that emerged in the end of the 1960s, however, only recently has been widely applied. This is due to the recent appearance of mobile devices, equipped with capabilities that support this technology, and affordable to the general public. The study of cognition aspects related to the use of color and symbols has been the subject of several studies. However, there are still no studies about the use of graphic symbols over real images, still or in motion, to examine how to improve their visibility over the background. The purpose of this study was, after studying the work developed in this area, the implementation of a prototype that allows the creation of different approaches to symbol adaptation, and then test them, with users. Taking into account the results of the tests, it was possible to identify the most important characteristics that best fulfill the needs of the users of Augmented Reality applications

Prototype emitter for use in subsurface drip irrigation: Manufacturing, hydraulic evaluation and experimental analyses

The current research aims to analyse theoretically and evaluate a self-manufactured simple design for subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) emitter to avoid root and soil intrusion. It was composed of three concentric cylindrical elements: an elastic silicone membrane; a polyethylene tube with two holes drilled on its wall for water discharge; and a vinyl polychloride protector system to wrap the other elements. The discharge of the emitter depends on the change in the membrane diameter when it is deformed by the water pressure. The study of the operation of this emitter is a new approach that considers mechanical and hydraulic principles. Thus, the estimation on the membrane deformation was based on classical mechanical stress theories in composite cylinders. The hydraulic principles considered the solid deformation due to force based on water pressure and the general Darcy–Weisbach head-loss equation. Twenty emitter units, with the selected design, were handcrafted in a lathe and were used in this study. The measured pressure/discharge relationship for the emitters showed good agreement with that calculated by the theoretical approach. The variation coefficient of the handcrafted emitters was high compared to commercial emitters. Results from field evaluations showed variable values for the relative flow variation, water emission uniformity and relative flow rate coefficients, but no emitter was obstructed. Therefore, the current emitter design could be suitable for SDI following further studies to develop a final prototype

Soil class map of the Rio Jardim watershed in Central Brazil at 30 meter spatial resolution based on proximal and remote sensed data and MESMA method

Geospatial soil information is critical for agricultural policy formulation and decision making, land-use suitability analysis, sustainable soil management, environmental assessment, and other research topics that are of vital importance to agriculture and economy. Proximal and Remote sensing technologies enables us to collect, process, and analyze spectral data and to retrieve, synthesize, visualize valuable geospatial information for multidisciplinary uses. We obtained the soil class map provided in this article by processing and analyzing proximal and remote sensed data from soil samples collected in toposequences based on pedomorphogeological relashionships. The soils were classified up to the second categorical level (suborder) of the Brazilian Soil Classification System (SiBCS), as well as in the World Reference Base (WRB) and United States Soil Taxonomy (ST) systems. The raster map has 30 m resolution and its accuracy is 73% (Kappa coefficient of 0.73). The soil legend represents a soil class followed by its topsoil color

High-dose chemotherapy and stem-cell in patients with breast cancer

Introdução – O tratamento de doentes com carcinoma da mama com quimioterapia intensiva e suporte hematopoiético é uma área controversa, cuja definição de benefício terapêutico depende ainda da maturação de resultados de ensaios em curso. Métodos – Foram elegíveis para transplantação doentes com carcinoma metastático ou localmente avançado quimiossensível e doentes com quatro ou mais gânglios axilares positivos na peça cirúrgica inicial. Resultados – Entre 1994 e 2000 foram tratadas com transplantação hematopoiética 55 doentes com cancro da mama. Nas 19 mulheres com doença metastática a mediana de tempo até à progressão é de sete meses e de sobrevivência de 28 meses. Só duas doentes se mantém em remissão após 48 e 77 meses, ambas com metastatização ganglionar supraclavicular e/ou cervical isoladas. Nas 36 doentes com estádio II/III, a mediana de tempo até à progressão e de sobrevivência é de 65 meses, estando 19 doentes vivas (18 sem doença). No subgrupo de 23 doentes com dez ou mais gânglios axilares positivos, a mediana de sobrevivência sem eventos aos cinco anos foi de 57%. Conclusões – O impacto terapêutico da transplantação hematopoiética em doentes com cancro da mama metastático é limitado, já que o tempo até à progressão e a sobrevivência após a realização da transplantação é semelhante aos observados em doentes recémdiagnosticados com metástases e tratados com quimioterapia convencional. Pelo contrário, o tempo até à progressão observado em doentes com estádio II/III e alto risco de recidiva parece superior ao obtido com quimioterapia convencional, sendo contudo necessário garantir um seguimento mais prolongado. Os resultados agora reportados são semelhantes aos previamente publicados. BACKGROUND The treatment of breast cancer patients with high-dose chemotherapy and stem-cell support is still highly controversial. The elucidation of its clinical benefit awaits the maturation of on-going clinical trials. METHODS Patients with chemotherapy-sensitive metastatic or locally advanced disease and patients with stage II/III disease and at least four positive axillary lymph nodes in the initial surgical specimen were eligible for transplantation. RESULTS Fifty-five women underwent transplantation between 1994 and 2000. For the 19 women with metastatic disease, the median time to progression was seven month and survival 28 months. Only two patients are progression-free, at 48 and 77 months, both with supraclavicular and/or cervical lymph node-only disease. For the 36 women with stage II/III disease, the median time to progression and survival were both 65 months -19 are alive, 18 disease-free. Among the subgroup of 23 patients with 10 or more positive axillary nodes, the five-year event-free survival was 57%. CONCLUSION The clinical benefit of stem-cell transplantation for metastatic breast cancer is limited since the time to progression and survival after transplantation is similar to those reported in patients with newly diagnosed metastases and treated with conventional-dose chemotherapy. However, in patients with high-risk stage II/III disease the time to progression is longer than that reported for similar patients treated with conventional systemic treatment. These results are similar to previous reports in the literature.publishersversionpublishe

Longitudinal study of repeated sprint performance in youth soccer players of contrasting skeletal maturity status

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the developmental changes in performance in a repeated-sprint ability (RSA) test in young soccer players of contrasting maturity status. A total of 83 regional level Portuguese youth soccer players, aged 11-13 years at baseline was assessed annually. Stature, body mass, 7x34.2-m sprint protocol (25-s active recovery), 20-m multi-stage continuous shuttle endurance run and counter-movement jump (CMJ) without the use of the arms were measured. Fat-free mass (FFM) was determined by age and gender-specific formulas. Developmental changes in total sprint time across ages were predicted using multilevel modeling. Corresponding measurements were performed on an independent cross-sectional sub-sample of 52 youth soccer players 11-17 years to evaluate the predictive model. CA, CA(2), maturational status (SA-CA), body size (mass and stature), FFM, aerobic endurance, lower limb explosive strength and annual volume training significantly improved the statistical fit of the RSA multilevel model. In 'late' maturing athletes, the best model for predicting change in RSA was expressed by the following equation: 86.54 - 2.87 x CA + 0.05 x CA(2) - 0.25 x FFM + 0.15 x body mass + 0.05 x stature - 0.05 x aerobic endurance - 0.09 x lower limb explosive strength - 0.01 x annual volume training. The best fitting models for players who were 'on time' and 'early' maturing were identical to the best model for late maturing players, less 0.64 seconds and 1.74 seconds, respectively. Multilevel modeling provided performance curves that permitted the prediction of individual RSA performance across adolescent years in regional level soccer players

Los guardianes del museo: nuevas formas de acercar el museo a la comunidad

A través del presente trabajo se relata la experiencia realizada en el marco de La Noche de los Museos durante los años 2008-2009, en el Museo de La Plata por docentes del Servicio de Guías. "Los Guardianes del Museo"., titulo de dicha actividad, propuso un recorrido diferente por las salas con el objetivo de interpelar a los visitantes en el marco de un proceso educativo. Para ello, por medio de actividades lúdicas, los visitantes debían responder una serie de preguntas cuyas respuestas se encontraban en las vitrinas. Con el fin de que el proceso de aprendizaje iniciado no se limite al espacio físico del museo, al concluir la actividad, se les entrega a los participantes un juego de mesa para toda la familia. De esta forma, jugando con la oscuridad, las expectativas de niños y adultos y el misterio que el museo genera, invitamos a recorrer las salas con la excusa de convertirnos en "Los Guardianes del Museo".A través del presente trabajo se relata la experiencia realizada en el marco de La Noche de los Museos durante los años 2008-2009, en el Museo de La Plata por docentes del Servicio de Guías. "Los Guardianes del Museo"., titulo de dicha actividad, propuso un recorrido diferente por las salas con el objetivo de interpelar a los visitantes en el marco de un proceso educativo. Para ello, por medio de actividades lúdicas, los visitantes debían responder una serie de preguntas cuyas respuestas se encontraban en las vitrinas. Con el fin de que el proceso de aprendizaje iniciado no se limite al espacio físico del museo, al concluir la actividad, se les entrega a los participantes un juego de mesa para toda la familia. De esta forma, jugando con la oscuridad, las expectativas de niños y adultos y el misterio que el museo genera, invitamos a recorrer las salas con la excusa de convertirnos en "Los Guardianes del Museo"..Departamento de Ciencias Exactas y Naturale

Los guardianes del museo: nuevas formas de acercar el museo a la comunidad

A través del presente trabajo se relata la experiencia realizada en el marco de La Noche de los Museos durante los años 2008-2009, en el Museo de La Plata por docentes del Servicio de Guías. "Los Guardianes del Museo"., titulo de dicha actividad, propuso un recorrido diferente por las salas con el objetivo de interpelar a los visitantes en el marco de un proceso educativo. Para ello, por medio de actividades lúdicas, los visitantes debían responder una serie de preguntas cuyas respuestas se encontraban en las vitrinas. Con el fin de que el proceso de aprendizaje iniciado no se limite al espacio físico del museo, al concluir la actividad, se les entrega a los participantes un juego de mesa para toda la familia. De esta forma, jugando con la oscuridad, las expectativas de niños y adultos y el misterio que el museo genera, invitamos a recorrer las salas con la excusa de convertirnos en "Los Guardianes del Museo".A través del presente trabajo se relata la experiencia realizada en el marco de La Noche de los Museos durante los años 2008-2009, en el Museo de La Plata por docentes del Servicio de Guías. "Los Guardianes del Museo"., titulo de dicha actividad, propuso un recorrido diferente por las salas con el objetivo de interpelar a los visitantes en el marco de un proceso educativo. Para ello, por medio de actividades lúdicas, los visitantes debían responder una serie de preguntas cuyas respuestas se encontraban en las vitrinas. Con el fin de que el proceso de aprendizaje iniciado no se limite al espacio físico del museo, al concluir la actividad, se les entrega a los participantes un juego de mesa para toda la familia. De esta forma, jugando con la oscuridad, las expectativas de niños y adultos y el misterio que el museo genera, invitamos a recorrer las salas con la excusa de convertirnos en "Los Guardianes del Museo"..Departamento de Ciencias Exactas y Naturale

Quality attributes of lamb meat from European breeds: Effects of intrinsic properties and storage

The sustainability of the European sheep farming sector can be ensured through the high and consistent quality of products, although the concept of meat quality, being multifaceted, is challenging to keep up by farmers and producers. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate quality attributes (CIE L*, a*, b*, lipid oxidation, cooking loss and Warner-Bratzler texture test) of lamb meat during cold storage originating from eight European breeds raised under their normal production systems (n = 292 lambs); and (ii) to elucidate the influence of storage and intrinsic properties (cold carcass weight [CCW], ultimate pH [pH24], water activity [aw], and proximate composition) on the aforementioned quality attributes measured on the 3rd, 9th and 15th day post slaughter. All meat quality properties displayed a high variability due to the breed × production systems, although, as a whole, L*, a*, b*, TBARs and cooking loss increased during storage (P lt 0.001), whereas the tenderisation process was of non-linear decay nature (P = 0.001). While production system – taken across breeds – was not found to affect meat cooking losses, it heavily influenced CCW, producing intensive systems heavier (P lt 0.001) carcasses (21.4 kg) than those raised in semi-extensive (14.9 kg) and extensive systems (13.8 kg). On the 15th day of storage, TBARs from intensive systems was significantly (P lt 0.001) higher than those of extensively raised lambs (0.839 mg MDA/kg vs. 0.299 mg MDA/kg, respectively). Although the extensive and semi-extensive systems initially produced less tender meat (P lt 0.05) than intensive systems, on the 15th day of storage, meat from extensive (23.4 N/cm2) and semi-extensive systems (24.4 N/cm2) presented as good tenderness quality (P lt 0.10) as that of the intensive systems (22.1 N/cm2). Within breed × production systems, higher CCW or intramuscular fat was associated to darker meat (P lt 0.001 and P = 0.014), higher redness (P lt 0.001 for both), greater lipid oxidation (P = 0.016 and P lt 0.001), and lower slope (P = 0.014 and P = 0.004) and force (P = 0.027 and P = 0.001). The only intrinsic property that heavily affected most of the quality attributes was ash content, since meat of higher ash content presented higher luminosity (P = 0.008), and lower redness (P lt 0.001), yellowness (P lt 0.001), TBARS (P lt 0.001), cooking loss (P = 0.002) and tenderness (P lt 0.001). The elucidation of the impact of intrinsic properties on the lamb meat quality attributes during storage can help breeders and producers modify current flock management, feeding strategies and pre-slaughter and slaughter practices towards quality improvement or meeting particular consumers’ demands.The authors are grateful to EU ERA-NET programme and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) for funding the project “EcoLamb–Holistic Production to Reduce the Ecological Footprint of Meat (SusAn/0002/2016). CIMO authors are grateful to FCT and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020). Dr. Gonzales-Barron acknowledges the national funding by FCT, P.I., through the Institutional Scientific Employment Programme contract. José M. Lorenzo is member of the HealthyMeat network, funded by CYTED (ref. 119RT0568).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio