Uptake of Seeds Secondary Metabolites by Virola surinamensis Seedlings

The major secondary metabolites and fatty acids occurring in the seeds of Virola surinamensis were monitored by GC-MS during germination and seedling development. The role as carbon source for seedling development was indicated considering that both classes of compounds were similarly consumed in the seeds and that no selective consumption of compounds could be detected

The influence of rootstock and extraction setting on the Limonin and Flavonoids levels in orange juice during ripeness: A influência do porta-enxerto e do ajuste de extração nos níveis de Limonina e Flavonóides no suco de laranja durante a maturação

The influence of rootstock, maturity and extraction settings on limonin, hesperidin and narirutin levels of orange juice was evaluated. A liquid chromatographic method to determine limonin was developed and validated. The linear range was 0.410 to 61.5 µg.mL-1, with a linear correlation coefficient higher than 0.999. The limit of detection was 0.144 µg.mL-1and limit of quantification 0.363 µg; precision showed RSD≤5.0% and accuracy was from 92.6 to 100.4%. Limonin was identified in Pêra-Rio orange juices from Cleopatra mandarin and Rangpur lime rootstocks extracted in the NFC and FCOJ settings during the 2013 harvest. Limonin levels in Pêra-Rio orange juices ranged from 0.86 to 3.94 µg.mL-1 and flavonoids hesperidin and narirutin levels ranged from 12.00 to 26.02 µg.mL-1 for narirutin and from 122.12 to 175.01 µg.mL-1 for hesperidin. Principal component analysis was able to differentiate the juices from Cleopatra mandarin and Rangpur lime rootstocks according to ripeness, as well as extraction settings. Limonin and flavonoid levels reduced during maturation. Limonin levels were more expressive at the beginning of the harvest, especially in juice obtained with the FCOJ extraction setting. Hesperidin levels were about ten times higher than narirutin levels in all juices

A new flavonoid derivative from leaves of Oxandra Sessiliflora R. E. Fries

The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) phase obtained from the partition of the ethanol (EtOH) extract from leaves of O. sessiliflora R. E. Fries (Annonaceae) was subjected to several chromatographic steps, including high efficiency liquid chromatography (HPLC), to afford the flavonoids: quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), unprecedented in the literature, kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), rutin (3), and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (4). The structures were elucidated by analysis of their ¹H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (1D and 2D) spectra and mass spectrometry.A fração em acetato de etila (EtOAc) obtida a partir da partição do extrato de etanol (EtOH) das folhas de O. sessiliflora R. E. Fries (Annonaceae) foi submetida a diversos procedimentos cromatográficos, incluindo cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC), o que resultou no isolamento dos flavonóides: quercetina-3-O-α-L-ramnopiranosil-(1→4)-β-D-glucopiranosídeo (1), inédito na literatura, canferol-3-O-α-L-ramnopiranosil-(1→4)-β-D-glucopiranosídeo (2), rutina (3) e canferol-3-O-rutinosídeo (4). As estruturas foram definidas através da análise dos espectros de ressonância magnética nuclear (NMR) de ¹H e de 13C (1D e 2D) e espectrometria de massas.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Federal do Piauí Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e FarmacêuticasUNIFESP, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e FarmacêuticasSciEL

Evidence-based practice questionnaire for physical therapists: Portuguese translation, adaptation, validity, and reliability

BACKGROUND: Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is becoming increasingly important in Physical Therapy (PT). For proper designing, implementing, disseminating and evaluating EBP in PT, a valid and reliable questionnaire measuring attitudes, knowledge, behavior, prerequisites, and barriers related to EBP and guidelines is needed. One questionnaire that could be used to collect this information is the “EBP Questionnaire”, developed by Jette et al. 2003. However, to our knowledge, no Portuguese version or published study with the Portuguese PT population was performed using this questionnaire. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to translate, cross-culturally adapt and validate the “EBP Questionnaire” to European Portuguese and for the PT population. Material and Methods: A draft version was pilot tested for content validity (n=17), and a revised version was tested for test-retest reliability (n=72). The percentage of agreement and the Kappa coefficients between the 2 tests were analyzed. Additionally, the internal consistency was calculated. RESULTS: The preliminary final version of the European Portuguese EBP questionnaire was well accepted (only the items 22, 23, 45-51 needed to be reviewed). The mean average percentage of agreement was 82% (ranged 58–97%), and the Kappa coefficients were 0.658 (ranged 0.336–0.844). In the internal consistency, the mean average Cronbach’s ? coefficients were 0.665 (ranged 0.365–0.879). CONCLUSION: The results suggested that this questionnaire can be a useful instrument for measuring self-reported beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors related to EBP in the Portuguese PTs context

Aromatic compounds from three brazilian lauraceae species

Phytochemical investigations on three Brazilian Lauraceae species from, the Cerrado region of São Paulo State, Ocotea corymbosa (Meins) Mez., O. elegans Mez. and Persea pyrifolia Nees & Mart. ex Nees resulted in the isolation of flavonoids, an ester of the 4-O-E-caffeoylquinic acid, an aromatic sesquiterpene besides furofuran lignans. This is the first chemical study on the leaves of Ocotea elegans and O. corymbosa as well as the first report of non-volatile compounds from Persea pyrifolia

Saponinas antifúngicas de Swartzia langsdorffii

Chromatographic fractionation of the EtOH extract from the leaves of Swartzia langsdorffii afforded the pentacyclic triterpenes oleanolic acid and lupeol, and two saponins: oleanolic acid 3-sophoroside and the new ester 3-O-b-D-(6'-methyl)-glucopyranosyl-28-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-oleanate. Their structures were elucidated from spectral data, including 2D NMR and HRESIMS experiments. Antifungal activity of all isolated compounds was evaluated, using phytopathogens Cladosporium cladosporioides and C. sphaerospermum, and human pathogens Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis and Cryptococcus neoformans

Erythrina velutina Willd. alkaloids: Piecing biosynthesis together from transcriptome analysis and metabolite profiling of seeds and leaves

Introduction: Natural products of pharmaceutical interest often do not reach the drug market due to the associated low yields and difficult extraction. Knowledge of biosynthetic pathways is a key element in the development of biotechnological strategies for plant specialized metabolite production. The scarce studies regarding non-model plants impair advances in this field. Erythrina spp. are mainly used as central nervous system depressants in folk medicine and are important sources of bioactive tetracyclic benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, which can act on several pathology-related biological targets. Objective: Herein the purpose is to employ combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses (seeds and leaves) of a non-model medicinal Fabaceae species grown in its unique arid natural habitat. The study tries to propose a putative biosynthetic pathway for the bioactive alkaloids by using an omic integrated approach. Methods: The Next Generation Sequencing-based transcriptome (de novo RNA sequencing) was carried out in a Illumina NextSeq 500 platform. Regarding the targeted metabolite profiling, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to a micrOTOF-QII, High Resolution Mass Spectrometer, were used. Results: This detailed macro and micromolecular approach applied to seeds and leaves of E. velutina revealed 42 alkaloids by metabolome tools. Based on the combined evidence, 24 gene candidates were put together in a putative pathway leading to the singular alkaloid diversity of this species. Conclusion: These results contribute by indicating potential biotechnological targets Erythrina alkaloids biosynthesis as well as to improve molecular databases with omic data from a non-model medicinal plant. Furthermore, they reveal an interesting chemical diversity in Erythrina velutina harvested in Caatinga. Last, but not least, this data may also contribute to tap Brazilian biodiversity in a rational and sustainable fashion, promoting adequate public policies for preservation and protection of sensitive areas within the Caatinga

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio