Optical and photoelectric properties of lamellar nanocomposites obtained by Cd intercalation of GaTe

Date du colloque : 05/2013 International audienc

Rolul căpuşelor Ixodes ricinus (Ixodidae) în menţinerea riscului de contractare a borreliozei Lyme în ecosistemele Republicii Moldova

National Centre for Public Health, Congresul III al Medicilor de Familie din Republica Moldova, 17–18 mai, 2012, Chişinău, Republica Moldova, Conferinţa Naţională „Maladii bronhoobstructive la copii”, consacrată profesorului universitar, doctor habilitat Victor Gheţeul, 27 aprilie, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaIntroducere. Borrelioza Lyme (BL) reprezintă o zooantroponoză cu tendinţă clinică de cronicizare, cauzată de Borrelia burgdorferi şi transmisă de căpuşele din genul Ixodes (familia Ixodidae Murray, 1887). Ixodidele se alimentează cu sânge în unele faze biologice de dezvoltare (larve, nimfe şi imago). Larvele şi nimfele se alimentează cu sânge, în special, pe mamifere mici (Rodentia, Insectivora), păsări şi reptile, cele adulte (imago) – pe mamifere sălbatice (căprioare), domestice (bovine, ovine, caprine) şi de campanie (pisici, câini). Omul neprotejat, nimerind în arealul ixodidelor poate fi „muşcat”, inclusiv şi de căpuşe infectate. Primele date despre existenţa focarelor de BL în Republica Moldova au fost publicate în anii 1990-1992. Însă la acel moment BL nu era inclusă în lista maladiilor raportabile în sistemul de supraveghere al bolilor infecţioase în Republica Moldova. Înregistrarea oficială a cazurilor de BL în Republica Moldova a început în anul 2000. Raportarea standardizată în sistemul naţional de supraveghere în baza definiţiei de caz «suspect», «probabil» şi «confirmat», inclusiv a criteriilor de laborator se realizează din 2007 şi continuă până în prezent. Material şi metode Ca material de studiu au servit căpuşele ixodide, colectate în perioada anilor 2009-2011, în conformitate cu metodele standard, din teritorii selectate pentru monitorizare. De pe vegetaţie s-au colectat 1 056 de exemplare căpuşe ixodide şi 1 169 de ex. de pe ovine, bovine şi caprine, fiind analizate diversitatea şi densitatea speciilor în cauză. Pentru determinarea nivelului de infectare cu borrelii au fost investigate 437 de ex. căpuşe ixodide, cercetând hemolimfa şi conţinutul intestinului prin microscopia frotiurilor cu fond negru, în conformitate cu indicaţiile metodice. Rezultatele obţinute au fost supuse unui calcul statistic, acceptat prin intermediul programului de calculator EXCEL. Rezultate obţinute Au fost identificate speciile de păşune Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor marginatus, D.reticulatus, Haemaphysalis inermis şi H.punctata. Datorită caracteristicilor vitale de acomodare în mediul înconjurător, specia I.ricinus a fost identificată în toate cele trei zone geografice ale ţării. Indicele densităţii medii a speciei I.ricinus în perioada anilor de studiu a fost ~ de 21 de ex. la ruta standard 200 m. Pentru determinarea prezenţei borreliilor în căpuşe s-au investigat speciile I.ricinus şi D.marginatus. Prezenţa borreliilor s-a depistat la 17,9% căpuşe investigate în anul 2009, la 36,4% în anul 2010 şi 28,5% în 2011. Prezenţa borreliilor a fost determinată doar la specia I.ricinus. În condiţiile, când populaţia frecventează zonele de odihnă şi agrement, biotopuri de pădure şi agrocenoze, care sunt intens populate de căpuşele speciei I.ricinus, cu o pondere înaltă de infectare cu borrelii, nu respectă regulile comportamentale şi de protecţie contra „muşcăturilor” de căpuşe, contractarea borreliozei Lyme devine iminentă. În ultimii ani numărul îmbolnăvirilor prin borrelioza Lyme este în creştere (anii 2009 – 33 cazuri, 2010 – 117, 2011 – 171). În anul 2011 boala s-a înregistrat în 15 teritorii administrative, preponderent în mun. Chişinău (70,1%), în rândul populaţiei mature (84,2%), în lunile mai-octombrie (89,4%). Depistarea borreliozei Lyme are loc în rândul pacienţilor ce se adresează cu „muşcătură” de căpuşă, acuză prezenţa eritemului migrator la locul „muşcăturii”, unele afecţiuni ale sistemelor nervos, cardio-vascular, musculo-scheletal. Raportarea cazurilor de BL se efectuează de către medicul de familie şi alţi specialişti ce au depistat boala, în baza definiţiilor de caz «suspect», «probabil» sau «confirmat». Confirmarea de laborator al diagnosticului clinic include determinarea anticorpilor specifici IgM sau IgG către B.burgdorferi în serul sangvin sau LCR în reacţia imunoenzimatică (ELISA) sau reacţia imunofluorescentă indirectă (RIFi), urmate de confirmarea prin Western blot. Detectarea ADN-ului genospeciilor patogene de B.burgdorferi se efectuează prin reacţia de polimerizare în lanţ (PCR). Cazurile de boală sunt furnizate în sistemul electronic de supraveghere a bolilor transmisibile şi se efectuează anchetarea epidemiologică pentru identificarea circumstanţelor de molipsire şi implementarea măsurilor de răspuns. Concluzii Căpuşele din specia I. Ricinus, contaminate cu borrelii patogene menţin riscul de molipsire prin borrelioză Lyme. Gradul de expunere la risc a populaţiei poate fi diferit şi este determinat atât de aflarea în arealul căpuşelor, densitatea acestora, circulaţia borreliilor patogene la căpuşe, cât şi respectarea regulilor comportamentale şi de protecţie individuală. Suspectarea precoce a cazului de BL, diagnosticarea corectă şi administrarea unui tratament eficace va diminua frecvenţa complicaţiilor posibile, iar raportarea calitativă în sistemul de supraveghere va permite implementarea măsurilor de sănătate publică pentru a diminua răspândirea cazurilor de BL

Optical and photosensitive properties of lamellar nanocomposites obtained by Cd intercalation of GaTe

By Cd-vapor heat treatment, at temperatures from 623 to 833 K, of GaTe single crystals, GaTe-CdTe composite is formed. CdTe amount is increasing together with heat treatment temperature. Absorption, photoconductivity and photoluminescence spectra of the composite contain particularities characteristic to GaTe and CdTe components. The absorption and photoconductivity edges display two thresholds at 1.66 eV (GaTe) and 1.50 eV (CdTe). Short lifetime recombination states form at the surface of composite samples, leading to narrowing of the photoconductivity bands in the high energy region, up to 1.8 eV. Widening of the absorption and photoconductivity bands in the low energy region is determined by absorption processes taking place in both GaTe and CdTe components

Peculiarities of directions and causal agents’ distribution of tick-borne encephalitis in the Republic of Moldova

The aim of the study is to determine the circulation of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) causal agents in the Ixodidae ticks population and the evaluation of the TBE threat to public health. The species of ticks Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus, D. marginatus and Haemaphysalis punctata can be often met in the ecosystems of the Republic of Moldova. The species I. ricinus is the most numerous and widespread one, the fact that shows its high epidemiological significance. At the same time the species D. reticulatus, D. marginatus and H. punctata are the potential directions of TBE maintaining the TBE viruses in the environment. The laboratory results got by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have indicated the TBE virus antigen in of 25.2% of the ticks, collected in the period of 2009-2012. Using the polymerase chain reaction method it has been established that on average the RNA of TBE virus has been 8.1% of all tested tick samples. The specific antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis virus have been identified in 9 (4%) tested human specimens. The rationalization of the system of epidemiological surveillance and control of tick-born encephalitis consists in developing and implementing a definition of the case for report on the basis of clinical and laboratory criteria, as well as the communication with epidemiological station, and studying to obtain standardized and comparable data

An Integrated TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource to Drive High-Quality Survival Outcome Analytics

For a decade, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program collected clinicopathologic annotation data along with multi-platform molecular profiles of more than 11,000 human tumors across 33 different cancer types. TCGA clinical data contain key features representing the democratized nature of the data collection process. To ensure proper use of this large clinical dataset associated with genomic features, we developed a standardized dataset named the TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource (TCGA-CDR), which includes four major clinical outcome endpoints. In addition to detailing major challenges and statistical limitations encountered during the effort of integrating the acquired clinical data, we present a summary that includes endpoint usage recommendations for each cancer type. These TCGA-CDR findings appear to be consistent with cancer genomics studies independent of the TCGA effort and provide opportunities for investigating cancer biology using clinical correlates at an unprecedented scale. Analysis of clinicopathologic annotations for over 11,000 cancer patients in the TCGA program leads to the generation of TCGA Clinical Data Resource, which provides recommendations of clinical outcome endpoint usage for 33 cancer types

Pan-cancer Alterations of the MYC Oncogene and Its Proximal Network across the Cancer Genome Atlas

Although theMYConcogene has been implicated incancer, a systematic assessment of alterations ofMYC, related transcription factors, and co-regulatoryproteins, forming the proximal MYC network (PMN),across human cancers is lacking. Using computa-tional approaches, we define genomic and proteo-mic features associated with MYC and the PMNacross the 33 cancers of The Cancer Genome Atlas.Pan-cancer, 28% of all samples had at least one ofthe MYC paralogs amplified. In contrast, the MYCantagonists MGA and MNT were the most frequentlymutated or deleted members, proposing a roleas tumor suppressors.MYCalterations were mutu-ally exclusive withPIK3CA,PTEN,APC,orBRAFalterations, suggesting that MYC is a distinct onco-genic driver. Expression analysis revealed MYC-associated pathways in tumor subtypes, such asimmune response and growth factor signaling; chro-matin, translation, and DNA replication/repair wereconserved pan-cancer. This analysis reveals insightsinto MYC biology and is a reference for biomarkersand therapeutics for cancers with alterations ofMYC or the PMN

Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas

This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smokin

Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts

Spatial Organization and Molecular Correlation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Using Deep Learning on Pathology Images

Beyond sample curation and basic pathologic characterization, the digitized H&E-stained images of TCGA samples remain underutilized. To highlight this resource, we present mappings of tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) based on H&E images from 13 TCGA tumor types. These TIL maps are derived through computational staining using a convolutional neural network trained to classify patches of images. Affinity propagation revealed local spatial structure in TIL patterns and correlation with overall survival. TIL map structural patterns were grouped using standard histopathological parameters. These patterns are enriched in particular T cell subpopulations derived from molecular measures. TIL densities and spatial structure were differentially enriched among tumor types, immune subtypes, and tumor molecular subtypes, implying that spatial infiltrate state could reflect particular tumor cell aberration states. Obtaining spatial lymphocytic patterns linked to the rich genomic characterization of TCGA samples demonstrates one use for the TCGA image archives with insights into the tumor-immune microenvironment

Driver Fusions and Their Implications in the Development and Treatment of Human Cancers.

Gene fusions represent an important class of somatic alterations in cancer. We systematically investigated fusions in 9,624 tumors across 33 cancer types using multiple fusion calling tools. We identified a total of 25,664 fusions, with a 63% validation rate. Integration of gene expression, copy number, and fusion annotation data revealed that fusions involving oncogenes tend to exhibit increased expression, whereas fusions involving tumor suppressors have the opposite effect. For fusions involving kinases, we found 1,275 with an intact kinase domain, the proportion of which varied significantly across cancer types. Our study suggests that fusions drive the development of 16.5% of cancer cases and function as the sole driver in more than 1% of them. Finally, we identified druggable fusions involving genes such as TMPRSS2, RET, FGFR3, ALK, and ESR1 in 6.0% of cases, and we predicted immunogenic peptides, suggesting that fusions may provide leads for targeted drug and immune therapy