Modelado y resolución de problemas de secuenciación en contexto JIT/DS mediante BDP

This document develops the doctoral thesis entitled "Modelado y resolución de problemas de secuenciación en contexto JIT/DS mediante BDP". Through a literature review we explain the problems, within the environment of the sequence problems in production systems. Then, we describe the problems under study, the MMSP-W (Mixed-Model Sequencing Problem with Work overload Minimization), the BFSP (Blocking Flow Shop Problem) and the ORV (Output Rate Variation Problem). Then, a resolution procedure based on BDP (Bounded Dynamic Programming) to solve the problems is proposed. Finally, the results of the proposed procedure are compared with others based on for example linear programming or heuristics.Este documento desarrolla la tesis doctoral titulada “Modelado y resolución de problemas de secuenciación en contexto JIT/DS mediante BDP”. A través de una revisión de la literatura se explican los problemas objeto de estudio, enmarcándolo dentro del entorno de la secuenciación en los sistemas productivos. A continuación se describen dichos problemas, el MMSP-W (Mixed-Model Sequencing Problem with Work overload Minimization), el BFSP (Blocking Flow Shop Problem) y el ORV (Output Rate Variation Problem). Finalmente se proponen algoritmos de resolución para dichos problemas basados en BDP (Bounded Dynamic Programming o programación dinámica acotada) y se compara la calidad de los procedimientos propuestos con otros basados en programación lineal o heurística

A hybrid dynamic programming for solving a mixed-model sequencing problem with production mix restriction and free interruptions

In this article, we propose a hybrid procedure based on bounded dynamic programming assisted by linear programming to solve the mixed-model sequencing problem with workload minimization with serial workstations, free interruption of the operations and with production mix restrictions. We performed a computational experiment with 23 instances related to a case study of the Nissan powertrain plant located in Barcelona. The results of our proposal are compared with those obtained by mixed integer linear programming.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Solving the Fm|block|Cmax problem using bounded dynamic programming

We present some results attained with two variants of Bounded Dynamic Programming algorithm to solve the Fm|block|Cmax problem using as an experimental data the well-known Taillard instances. We have improved the best known solutions for 17 of Taillard's instances, including the 10 instances from set 12.Preprin

Continuidad de cuidados al alta hospitalaria al paciente que ha sufrido ictus

Las enfermedades cerebrovasculares (ECV) son aquellas alteraciones transitorias o permanentes de una o varias zonas del encéfalo y llamamos ictus a su presentación como forma aguda. Afecta tanto a hombres como a mujeres, siendo en éstas la primera causa de muerte. Son el resultado de estilos de vida y hábitos poco saludables, a los que se añaden factores no modificables como la edad o el sexo. Representan la primera causa de incapacidad en occidente y es tal su magnitud que en nuestro país una persona sufre un ictus cada 6 minutos. Esta situación se prevé que vaya en aumento ya que en España contamos con una población envejecida y la edad es uno de los principales factores riesgo. El principal objetivo de este proyecto de mejora, es llevar a cabo una adecuada continuidad de cuidados cuando un paciente que ha sufrido un ictus es dado de alta hospitalaria, además se pretende crear o ampliar el vínculo entre la enfermera del hospital y la del centro de salud. Todo ello con un mismo fin, mejorar en lo posible la calidad de vida y autonomía del paciente. El programa se compone de dos fases, una formativa y una de implantación del mismo, durante seis meses aplicando en una planta del hospital un nuevo método de valoración y comunicación con el centro de salud, una última sesión para la evaluación del programa y una encuesta por correo electrónico para completar la evaluación y analizar los resultados. Cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) are those transient or permanent changes in one or more areas of the brain and stroke call your presentation as acute. It affects both men and women, the latter being in the first cause of death. They are the result of lifestyle and unhealthy habits, which are added not modifiable factors such as age or sex. The leading cause of disability in the West and its magnitude is such that in our country a person suffers a stroke every 6 minutes. This situation is expected to be increasing because in Spain we have an aging population and age is one of the main risk factors. The main objective of this improvement project is to conduct a proper continuity of care when a patient has had a stroke is discharged from hospital also aims to create or expand the link between hospital nurse and center bless you. All with the same purpose, greatly improve the quality of life and patient autonomy. The program consists of two phases, a training and implementation thereof, for six months by applying a floor of the hospital a new method of assessment and communication with the health center, a final session for program evaluation and survey by email to complete the assessment and analyze the results

Drug solubility prediction with support vector machines on graphic processor units

En este trabajo se emplean métodos de inteligencia computacional, tales como las máquinas de soporte vectorial (MSV) para optimizar la predicción de la solubilidad de compuestos. Estas se entrenan con una base de datos de compuestos solubles e insolubles conocidos, y dicha información es posteriormente empleada para mejorar la predicción obtenida mediante cribado virtual. Los grandes avances en el campo de la computación de alto rendimiento ofrecen nuevas oportunidades en la simulación de sistemas biológicos y aplicaciones en bioinformática, biología computacional y química computacional. El uso de bases de datos de mayor tamaño aumenta las posibilidades en la generación de candidatos potenciales, pero el tiempo de cálculo necesario no sólo aumenta con el tamaño de la base de datos, sino también con la exactitud de los métodos de cribado virtual (CV) y del modelo. Se discuten los beneficios del uso de arquitecturas masivamente paralelas, en particular las unidades de procesamientos gráfico, demostrando empíricamente que están bien adaptadas para la aceleración de las MSV, obteniendo una aceleración de hasta 45 veces, en comparación con su versión secuencial.In this work we discuss the benefits of using computational intelligence methods, like Support Vector Machines (SVM) for the optimization of the prediction of compounds solubility. SVMs are trained with a database of known soluble and insoluble compounds, and this information is being exploited afterwards to improve Virtual Screening (VS) prediction. The landscape in the high performance computing arena opens up great opportunities in the simulation of relevant biological systems and for applications in bioinformatics, computational biology and computational chemistry. Larger databases increase the chances of generating hits or leads, but the computational time needed for the calculations increases not only with the size of the database but also with the accuracy of the VS methods and the model. We discussed the benefits of using massively parallel architectures, in particular graphics processing units. We empirically demonstrate that GPUs are well-suited architecture for the acceleration of SVM, obtaining up to 15 times sustained speedup compared to its sequential counterpart version.Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente financiado por los proyectos: NILS Mobility Project 012-ABEL-CM-2014A y Fundación Séneca 18946/JLI/13

Incorporando regularidad del trabajo requerido al MMSP con mínima sobrecarga.

Se presenta un modelo matemático para una variante del problema Mixed - Model Sequencing ( MMSP ) minimizando la sobrecarga y manteniendo constante la tasa del trabajo requerido. Se realiza un exper i mento con ejemplares de ref e rencia de la literatura empleando Programación Lineal Entera MixtaPostprint (published version

A bounded dynamic programming algorithm for the MMSP-W considering workstation dependencies and unrestricted interruption of the operations

In this paper, we propose a procedure based on Bounded Dynamic Programming (BDP) to solve the Mixed- Model Sequencing Problem with Workload Minimisation (MMSP-W), with serial workstations and unrestricted (or free) interruption of the operations. We performed a computational experiment with 225 instances from the literature. The results of our proposal are compared with those obtained through the CPLEX solver.Postprint (published version

Problem-based learning versus lectures : comparison of academic results and time devoted by teachers in a course on Dentistry in Special Patients

Objectives: Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a teaching-learning technique centred on the complete development of the student. It has been successfully implemented in several universities, notably in the health sciences. The process of creating the European Higher Education Area, initiated in Bologna, encourages European universities to use new methodologies in the teaching-learning process, including PBL. Our objectives were to analyze the results obtained by using PBL with fifth-year Dentistry students. Study design: Comparison of academic results between students receiving lectures and PBL participants, and assessment of differences between them in the time devoted to tasks by students and teachers. Results: PBL participants obtained higher grades compared to those receiving lectures only(p<0.05). The two student groups devoted the same amount of time to this subject but the time distribution of tasks was very different, with PBL students spending more time on group work and analysis of the literature. The teachers devoted much more time to the PBL group. Conclusions: PBL is a teaching-learning methodology that improves student academic results. PBL diverts student time to more complex tasks but requires a greater commitment from the teachers

Glucose Levels as a Mediator of the Detrimental E ect of Abdominal Obesity on Relative Handgrip Strength in Older Adults

Excess central adiposity accelerates the decline of muscle strength in older people. Additionally, hyperglycemia, independent of associated comorbidities, is related to the loss of muscle mass and strength, and contributes to functional impairment in older adults. We studied the mediation e ect of glucose levels, in the relationship between abdominal obesity and relative handgrip strength (HGS). A total of 1571 participants (60.0% women, mean age 69.1 7.0 years) from 86 municipalities were selected following a multistage area probability sampling design. Measurements included demographic and anthropometric/adiposity markers (weight, height, body mass index, and waist circumference). HGS was measured using a digital dynamometer for three sets and the mean value was recorded. The values were normalized to body weight (relative HGS). Fasting glucose was analyzed by enzymatic colorimetric methods. Mediation analyses were performed to identify associations between the independent variable (abdominal obesity) and outcomes (relative HGS), as well as to determine whether fasting glucose levels mediated the relationship between excess adiposity and relative HGS. A total of 1239 (78.8%) had abdominal obesity. Abdominal obesity had a negative e ect on fasting glucose ( ß = 9.04, 95% CI = 5.87 to 12.21); while fasting glucose to relative HGS was inversely related ( ß = -0.003, 95% CI = -0.005 to -0.001), p < 0.001. The direct e ect of abdominal obesity on relative HGS was statistically significant ( ß = -0.069, 95% CI = -0.082 to -0.057), p < 0.001. Lastly, fasting glucose levels mediates the detrimental e ect of abdominal obesity on relative HGS (indirect effect = -0.002, 95% CI = -0.004 to -0.001), p < 0.001. Our results suggest that the glucose level could worsen the association between abdominal obesity status and lower HGS. Thus, it is plausible to consider fasting glucose levels when assessing older adults with excess adiposity and/or suspected loss of muscle mass

Representaciones sociales de un grupo de excombatientes sobre el cumplimiento del Acuerdo de Paz

Introducción: el proceso de paz en Colombia, la firma del Tratado de la Habana y su cumplimiento, han sido objeto de diversas investigaciones. Debido a la larga historia del conflicto y los múltiples intentos de pacificación, el Tratado de paz representó una importante oportunidad para resolver problemáticas sociales arraigadas en los territorios afectados. Objetivo: el estudio tuvo como objetivo describir las representaciones sociales de los excombatientes sobre el Tratado de paz. Metodología: se implementó un diseño cualitativo básico basado en la observación, la entrevista y la triangulación de fuentes. Resultados: los principales resultados apuntan hacia una representación social de polaridad variable según los puntos específicos, el predominio de ideas y creencias relacionadas con la construcción del futuro, una apreciación favorable de la transición y resistencias relacionadas con los problemas históricos generadores del conflicto. Conclusiones: se concluye que la representación de los excombatientes está marcada por la idea de que la paz, como lo fue el conflicto armado, es un proceso que comporta avances y retrocesos