New approaches for the synthesis of multivalent ligands

En este trabajo de tesis se han explorado diversas estrategias de síntesis de ligandos multivalentes, en la búsqueda de compuestos afines a lectinas que reconocen β-galactósidos utilizando la reacción de Cicloadición Catalizada por Cobre(I) entre alquinos terminales y azidas (CuAAC) como reacción clave. Primeramente se sintetizaron ligandos mono y divalentes con residuos de N-galactosilamina unidos a espaciadores conteniendo grupos hidroxilos, para estudiar la participación de estos hidroxilos no sacarídicos en el reconocimiento. La afinidad de la lectina de maní por estos compuestos se estudió por métodos computacionales (docking y dinámica molecular) y por ELLA (Enzyme linked lectin assay), en comparación con análogos no hidroxilados y con compuestos que exponían N-lactosilamina. Por otra parte, se estudió la capacidad de la enzima trans-sialidasa de Trypanosoma cruzi como herramienta quimioenzimática para obtener multisialósidos a partir de una variedad de β-galactósidos y lactósidos multivalentes. También se determinó la actividad inhibitoria de estos compuestos sobre la actividad de la enzima. Posteriormente se abordó el estudio de ligandos multivalentes por autoensamblado: se sintetizaron dos compuestos anfifílicos conteniendo β-tiolactosa enlazada a una plataforma de ácido 2,3-di-O-lauroil-tartárico y se estudiaron sus propiedades de formación de geles y micelas en agua, así como también su capacidad de formar ligandos multivalentes supramoleculares, afines a la lectina de maní. Por último, se sintetizó el antígeno T, el disacárido Galβ(1-3)βGalNAc, que se enlazó a través de un enlace tioglicosídico a una plataforma di-azida flexible. La obtención de un producto tetravalente se logró por formación de un enlace disulfuro en la etapa de desprotección.In this work, several strategies for the synthesis of multivalent ligands have been explored, in the search of compounds which can be recognized by β-galactoside binding lectins, by using the Copper(I) Catalyzed Alkyne Azide Cycloaddition (CuAAC) as key reaction. First, mono and divalent ligands having N-galactosylamine residues linked to a hydroxylated linker were synthesized, to study the role of these non-sacaridic HO-groups in the recognition of the lectin. The affinity of the peanut lectin for these compounds was studied by computational methods (Docking and Molecular Dynamics) and by ELLA (Enzyme linked lectin assay) experiments, and compared with the analogs devoid of hydroxyl groups in the linker and with N-lactosamine derivatives. On the other hand, the capacity of the trans-sialidase of Trypanosoma cruzi as chemoenzymatic tool for the synthesis of multisialosides has been studied by using a set of multivalent β- galactosides and lactosides as precursors. Moreover, the inhibition of these compounds on the activity of the enzyme was determined. Then, the study of multivalent ligands by self-assembly processes was addressed: two amphiphilic compounds containing β-S-lactose linked to a 2,3-di-O-lauroyl-tartaric derived scaffold were synthesized and their ability to form supramolecular multivalent ligands for the peanut lectin was investigated. Finally, the T antigen disaccharide Galβ(1-3)βGalNAc was synthesized and linked through a thioglycosidic linkage to a di-azide flexible platform. A tetravalent product was obtained by formation of a disulfide bridge in the deprotection step.Fil: Cano, María Emilia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina

Hue

Hue es un proyecto que nace con el interés de hacer un homenaje a Jaime Gutiérrez Lega, y que pretende que los jóvenes diseñadores colombianos lo conozcan y se motiven por su trayectoria. Se realizaron cuatro rediseños: la silla Neumático (1959), la silla Ovejo (1972), la silla Paila (1957), y la silla Cero Desperdicio (1970).Hue was born in 2019 as a project of the Brand Identity course, where the intention was to make a tribute to Colombian designers, including Jaime Gutiérrez Lega, through the redesign of their chairs with the style of the Italian brand, Kartell. Designers Pablo and Emilia fell in love with the idea, so they continued it as their degree project for their Industrial Design degree at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana in Bogota. The project evolved and its objective became that young Colombian designers know and be motivated by the spectacular career that has had the father of Colombian design, Jaime Gutiérrez Lega, because the history of this discipline in the country is not known as it should by the new generations and thanks to this it is considered that there is no Colombian design or that it is, failing that, has no importance. To achieve this goal, together with Jaime, new designs were created inspired by four of his most emblematic chairs: The Pneumatic chair (1959), the Ovejo chair (1972), the Paila chair (1957) and the Zero Waste chair (1970). The chairs in the Hue collection are the hybridization of an icon of classic Colombian design combined with the modern and contemporary style of Pablo and Emilia. They were designed with simple, sober lines that attract the attention of the public, so that their young colleagues can get excited and leave the exhibition saying "If Jaime could, I can".Diseñador (a) IndustrialMaestrí

Synthesis of divalent ligands of beta-thio- and beta-N-galactopyranosides and related lactosides and their evaluation as substrates and inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase

In this work we describe the synthesis of mono- and divalent β-N- and β-S-galactopyranosides and related lactosides built on sugar scaffolds and their evaluation as substrates and inhibitors of the Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase (TcTS). This enzyme catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from an oligosaccharidic donor in the host, to parasite βGalp terminal units and it has been demonstrated that it plays an important role in the infection. Herein, the enzyme was also tested as a tool for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of sialic acid containing glycoclusters. The transfer reaction of sialic acid was performed using a recombinant TcTS and 3?-sialyllactose as sialic acid donor, in the presence of the acceptor having βGalp non reducing ends. The products were analyzed by high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulse amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). The ability of the different S-linked and N-linked glycosides to inhibit the sialic acid transfer reaction from 3?-sialyllactose to the natural substrate N-acetyllactosamine, was also studied. Most of the substrates behaved as good acceptors and moderate competitive inhibitors. A di-N-lactoside showed to be the strongest competitive inhibitor among the compounds tested (70% inhibition at equimolar concentration). The usefulness of the enzymatic trans-sialylation for the preparation of sialylated ligands was assessed by performing a preparative sialylation of a divalent substrate, which afforded the monosialylated compound as main product, together with the disialylated glycocluster.Fil: Cano, María Emilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones En Hidratos de Carbono; ArgentinaFil: Agusti, Rosalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones En Hidratos de Carbono; ArgentinaFil: Cagnoni, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones En Hidratos de Carbono; ArgentinaFil: Tesoriero, María Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones En Hidratos de Carbono; ArgentinaFil: Kovenski, José. Université de Picardie Jules Verne; FranciaFil: Uhrig, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones En Hidratos de Carbono; ArgentinaFil: Muchnik, Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones En Hidratos de Carbono; Argentin

Consecuencias en las Relaciones Interpersonales que genera la primera experiencia laboral : Estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal realizado en enfermeros que vivenciaron la Primera Experiencia Laboral con los Enfermeros Ingresantes del Hospital Raúl Ángel Ferreyra desde Junio a Octubre del año 2019

La mayor parte de nuestras vidas se desenvuelve en el seno de grupos, sean estos; grupos sociales, familiares y/o laborales; en ellos adquirimos herramientas para compartir, intercambiar y desarrollar actitudes para hacer más efectiva la interdependencia a nuestra condición humana. Las Relaciones Interpersonales son consideradas la base de las organizaciones, pueden incrementar la productividad, la eficacia y eficiencia de la institución misma cuando son positivas, sin embargo, también pueden tener efectos no deseados si son negativas. En el ámbito laboral juegan un papel esencial en su desarrollo como persona y profesional, a través de ellas se obtienen importantes refuerzos sociales y favorecen su adaptación e integración al sistema. En el ámbito hospitalario, se aprecian múltiples relaciones interpersonales entre los distintos integrantes que forman parte de la institución. Quien inicia su experiencia laboral en tal institución experimenta consecuencias en sus Relaciones Interpersonales como resultado de las vivencias de integración al equipo de trabajo. Mediante este trabajo se pretende conocer, observar y analizar las “Consecuencias en las Relaciones Interpersonales que generan la Primera Experiencia Laboral” desde tres dimensiones: Comunicación, Trato y Actitudes entre sus compañeros y la práctica profesional diaria, en el Hospital Raúl Ángel Ferreyra desde Junio a Octubre del 2019. El Informe se compone de cuatro capítulos: En el capítulo I se encuentra la introducción, donde se expresa la idea general y los hechos que llevaron a iniciar y continuar el estudio, resumen breve del conocimiento actual del tema estudiado y lo que se pretende contribuir al estudio, se enmarcan los objetivos generales y específicos que se plantearon, especifica el marco teórico, la definición conceptual de la variable y la hipótesis; En el capítulo II se detallan materiales y métodos, describe instrumentos utilizados para la recolección de los datos y las características de los métodos utilizados para analizar los mismos; tipo de estudio, universo, muestra y análisis de datos; 6 En el capítulo III constituye los resultados obtenidos en la investigación en relación al proyecto original que se plasman en tablas gráficos y comentarios; Para finalizar, el capítulo IV lo constituye la discusión, análisis e interpretación de los resultados. Se interpreta y explica los resultados que se obtuvieron en base a la teoría. Incluye conclusiones y recomendaciones. Se agregan referencias bibliográficas y anexos.Fil: Cano, María Emilia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería; Argentina.Fil: Condori Guachalla, María Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería; Argentina.Fil: Heredia, Sandra Florencia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería; Argentina.Fil: Reyes Velásquez, Jessica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería; Argentina

Incidencia de la Falta de Aplicación de las TICS en los Procesos de Enseñanzas del Plantel Educativo Honoria Méndez Zambrano, Ubicado en el Recinto Pasaje De Arriba, Perteneciente al Cantón Colimes

In the present study, the incidence of the lack of application of ICTs in the teaching processes will be addressed, within the educational establishment "Honoria Méndez Zambrano", which is located in the Pasaje De Arriba campus, belonging to the Colimes canton, The need to carry out this study arises after evidencing a lag in teaching techniques within the campus, taking into consideration that, during the pandemic, different modalities proliferated. The problem in question is a poor development of the cognitive abilities of the students of the campus, since, with a limited implementation of technologies, they cannot access content that is normally transferred by teachers through means such as Hotmail, WhatsApp or Edmodo, this is because, being located in a rural area, they do not enjoy the benefits of connectivity. The reason why it was decided to carry out this study is to set a precedent on the reality of public institutions located in rural areas, since, in a world where educational paradigms are constantly changing, a technological lag could mean the training of students with low competitiveness and with limitations in terms of their aptitudes.En el presente estudio se abordará la incidencia que tiene la falta de aplicación de las TICs en los procesos de enseñanza, dentro del plantel educativo "Honoria Méndez Zambrano", mismo que se encuentra ubicado en el recinto Pasaje De Arriba, perteneciente al cantón Colimes, la necesidad de realizar este estudio surge, tras evidenciar un rezago en las técnicas de enseñanza dentro del plantel, tomando en consideración que, durante la pandemia, proliferaron diferentes modalidades. El problema en cuestión es un escaso desarrollo de las habilidades cognitivas de los estudiantes del plantel, puesto que, con una limitada implementación de tecnologías, estos no pueden acceder a contenidos que normalmente son transferidos por los docentes a través de medios como Hotmail, WhatsApp o Edmodo, esto debido a que, por ubicarse en una zona rural, no gozan de las bondades de la conectividad. El motivo por el cual, se decide realizar este estudio es para sentar precedente sobre la realidad de las instituciones públicas ubicadas en zonas rurales, puesto que, en un mundo donde los paradigmas de la educación están en constante cambio, un rezago tecnológico podría suponer la formación de estudiantes con baja competitividad y con limitaciones en cuanto a sus aptitudes

Variation in Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Infection in Spanish Minority Vine Varieties

Downy mildew is one of the most destructive diseases affecting grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.). Caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola (Berk. and Curt.) Berl. and de Toni, it can appear anywhere where vines are cultivated. It is habitually controlled by the application of phytosanitary agents (copper-based or systemic) at different stages of the vine growth cycle. This, however, is costly, can lead to reduced yields, has a considerable environmental impact, and its overuse close to harvest can cause fermentation problems. All grapevines are susceptible to this disease, although the degree of susceptibility differs between varieties. Market demands and European legislation on viticulture and the use of phytosanitary agents (art. 14 of Directive 128/2009/EC) now make it important to know the sensitivity of all available varieties, including minority varieties. Such knowledge allows for a more appropriate use of phytosanitary agents, fosters the commercial use of these varieties and thus increases the offer of wines associated with different terroirs, and helps identify material for use in crop improvement programmes via crossing or genetic transformation, etc. Over 2020–2021, the susceptibility to P. viticola of 63 minority vine varieties from different regions of Spain was examined in the laboratory using the leaf disc technique. Some 87% of these varieties were highly susceptible and 11% moderately susceptible; just 2% showed low susceptibility. The least susceptible of all was the variety Morate (Madrid, IMIDRA). Those showing intermediate susceptibility included the varieties Sanguina (Castilla la Mancha, IVICAM), Planta Mula (Comunidad Valenciana, ITVE), Rayada Melonera (Madrid, IMIDRA), Zamarrica (Galicia, EVEGA), Cariñena Roja (Cataluña, INCAVI), Mandrègue (Aragón, DGA) and Bastardo Blanco (Extremadura, CICYTEX). The highly susceptible varieties could be differentiated into three subgroups depending on sporulation severity and density

Variation in Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Infection in Spanish Minority Vine Varieties

Downy mildew is one of the most destructive diseases affecting grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.). Caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola (Berk. and Curt.) Berl. and de Toni, it can appear anywhere where vines are cultivated. It is habitually controlled by the application of phytosanitary agents (copper-based or systemic) at different stages of the vine growth cycle. This, however, is costly, can lead to reduced yields, has a considerable environmental impact, and its overuse close to harvest can cause fermentation problems. All grapevines are susceptible to this disease, although the degree of susceptibility differs between varieties. Market demands and European legislation on viticulture and the use of phytosanitary agents (art. 14 of Directive 128/2009/EC) now make it important to know the sensitivity of all available varieties, including minority varieties. Such knowledge allows for a more appropriate use of phytosanitary agents, fosters the commercial use of these varieties and thus increases the offer of wines associated with different terroirs, and helps identify material for use in crop improvement programmes via crossing or genetic transformation, etc. Over 2020–2021, the susceptibility to P. viticola of 63 minority vine varieties from different regions of Spain was examined in the laboratory using the leaf disc technique. Some 87% of these varieties were highly susceptible and 11% moderately susceptible; just 2% showed low susceptibility. The least susceptible of all was the variety Morate (Madrid, IMIDRA). Those showing intermediate susceptibility included the varieties Sanguina (Castilla la Mancha, IVICAM), Planta Mula (Comunidad Valenciana, ITVE), Rayada Melonera (Madrid, IMIDRA), Zamarrica (Galicia, EVEGA), Cariñena Roja (Cataluña, INCAVI), Mandrègue (Aragón, DGA) and Bastardo Blanco (Extremadura, CICYTEX). The highly susceptible varieties could be differentiated into three subgroups depending on sporulation severity and density.This work, performed by the VIOR (Viticultura, Olivo y Rosa) group of the Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), forms part of the project “Valorización de variedades minoritarias de vid por su potencial para la diversificación vitivinícola. Resiliencia a enfermedades fúngicas influenciadas por el cambio climático” (MINORVIN) (RTI 2018-101085-RC32), funded by MCIN/AEI/, 10.13039/501100011033 and the European Regional Development Fund.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Plan de contingencia para los servicios de medicina intensiva frente a la pandemia COVID-19

In January 2020, the Chinese authorities identified a new virus of the Coronaviridae family as the cause of several cases of pneumonia of unknown aetiology. The outbreak was initially confined to Wuhan City, but then spread outside Chinese borders. On 31 January 2020, the first case was declared in Spain. On 11 March 2020, The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic. On 16 March 2020, there were 139 countries affected. In this situation, the Scientific Societies SEMICYUC and SEEIUC, have decided to draw up this Contingency Plan to guide the response of the Intensive Care Services. The objectives of this plan are to estimate the magnitude of the problem and identify the necessary human and material resources. This is to provide the Spanish Intensive Medicine Services with a tool to programme optimal response strategies

Differences in the clinical and hormonal presentation of patients with familial and sporadic primary aldosteronism

Purpose: To compare the clinical and hormonal characteristics of patients with familial hyperaldosteronism (FH) and sporadic primary aldosteronism (PA). Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed for the identification of FH patients. The SPAIN-ALDO registry cohort of patients with no suspicion of FH was chosen as the comparator group (sporadic group). Results: A total of 360 FH (246 FH type I, 73 type II, 29 type III, and 12 type IV) cases and 830 sporadic PA patients were included. Patients with FH-I were younger than sporadic cases, and women were more commonly affected (P = 0.003). In addition, the plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) was lower, plasma renin activity (PRA) higher, and hypokalemia (P < 0.001) less frequent than in sporadic cases. Except for a younger age (P < 0.001) and higher diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.006), the clinical and hormonal profiles of FH-II and sporadic cases were similar. FH-III had a distinct phenotype, with higher PAC and higher frequency of hypokalemia (P < 0.001), and presented 45 years before sporadic cases. Nevertheless, the clinical and hormonal phenotypes of FH-IV and sporadic cases were similar, with the former being younger and having lower serum potassium levels. Conclusion: In addition to being younger and having a family history of PA, FH-I and III share other typical characteristics. In this regard, FH-I is characterized by a low prevalence of hypokalemia and FH-III by a severe aldosterone excess causing hypokalemia in more than 85% of patients. The clinical and hormonal phenotype of type II and IV is similar to the sporadic case

Clinical Impact of the Time in Therapeutic Range on Early Hospital Readmission in Patients with Acute Heart Failure Treated with Oral Anticoagulation in Internal Medicine

Background and objectives: Patients with heart failure (HF) often present with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and require oral anticoagulation with coumarin anticoagulants such as acenocoumarol. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between time in therapeutic range (TTR) and the risk of early readmission. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out on hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of HF between 2014 and 2018 who had adverse effects due to oral anticoagulation with acenocoumarol (underdosing, overdosing, or hemorrhage). Clinical, analytical, therapeutic, and prognostic variables were collected. TTR is defined as the duration of time in which the patient’s International Normalized Ratio (INR) values were within a desired range. Early readmission was defined as readmission within 30 days after hospital discharge. Patients were divided into two groups depending on whether or not they had a TTR less than 60% (TTR < 60%) over the 6 months prior to the adverse event. Results: In the cohort of 304 patients, the mean age was 82 years, 59.9% of the patients were female, and 54.6% had a TTR < 60%. Patients with TTR < 60% had a higher HAS-BLED score (4.04 vs. 2.59; p < 0.001) and INR (6 vs. 5.31; p < 0.05) but lower hemoglobin (11.67 vs. 12.22 g/dL; p < 0.05). TTR < 60% was associated with early readmission after multivariate analysis (OR: 2.05 (CI 95%: 1.16–3.61)). They also had a higher percentage of hemorrhagic events and in-hospital mortality but without reaching statistical significance. Conclusions: Patients with HF and adverse events due to acenocoumarol often have poor INR control, which is independently associated with a higher risk of early readmission