Impactos do uso e ocupação do solo e do curso d´água no lago Macurany/Impacts of land use and water course on Lake Macurany

A ocupação humana nas margens dos rios tem definido, historicamente, a formação das cidades na Amazônia, impulsionando o processo degradante e impactante sobre a qualidade das águas superficiais e subterrâneas. Esses impactos são resultantes do desmatamento de Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs) para uso e ocupação do solo que promovem sua compactação e o carreamento de particulados para o leito do rio, tornando-o, com o passar do tempo, assoreado, a ações dos citadinos que destinam o esgoto sem tratamento e resíduos sólidos para o leito dos rios, além da falta de planejamento e fiscalização dos gestores em relação à expansão das cidades. Nesse cenário, o lago Macurany, localizado na sede do município de Parintins, estado do Amazonas, por sua localização geográfica, vem ao longo dos últimos dez anos sofrendo grande pressão antrópica, resultando na transformação do manancial de águas límpidas, naturais e navegáveis para um leito ocupado por flutuantes e entorno por diversas residências, que além de alterarem a paisagem, alteram significativamente a qualidade da água. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar os diversos usos e ocupação do solo e do leito do lago, e seus impactos sobre o local. Para a realização da pesquisa, foram realizadas observações diretas do uso e ocupação do solo no entorno e no leito do lago, constatando-se a crescente invasão das suas margens por residências de alto padrão e atividades comerciais, além do leito por diversos flutuantes que fazem uso do local como fonte de renda com serviços de guarda e manutenção de embarcações regionais, diversas fontes de lançamento de efluentes não tratados, resultando na proliferação de macrófitas e algas, redução do fluxo de água no período da vazante, emanação de odores indesejados, demonstando a necessiade de adoção de políticas públicas de reordenamento das ocupações às margens e sobre o seu leito, ações de saneamento básico (melhoria dos serviços de coleta de resíduos, implantação de sistema de tratamento de esgoto e fiscalização), recuperação de áreas desflorestadas, eliminação dos pontos de poluição e contaminação, dentre outras, que venham contribuir com a redução dos impactos ambientais no lago

ANÁLISE HISTÓRICA E SOCIODEMOGRÁFICA DA AMAMENTAÇÃO: RELEVÂNCIA DA AUTOEFICÁCIA MATERNA

The objective of this study was to investigate various aspects related to breastfeeding, covering historical, sociodemographic and emotional factors. Furthermore, we sought to analyze breastfeeding rates, the challenges faced, the use of the WHO and UNICEF "breastfeeding assessment form", and the influence of self-efficacy and family support on the practice of breastfeeding. Methods: Using an integrative review approach guided by the PICo method, articles were searched in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), PubMed and Literature in Health Sciences of Latin America and the Caribbean (LILACS) databases. based on specific criteria, evaluated by independent researchers. Thorough analysis of the selected articles involved the extraction of relevant information, and data interpretation was conducted using an analytical framework. The analysis period covered the years 2020 to 2024. Results: The results revealed technical challenges faced by mothers when breastfeeding, such as nipple pain and inadequate sucking, identified through initial observation and the "breastfeeding assessment form". Breastfeeding self-efficacy was associated with family support and prenatal interventions. The increase in breastfeeding rates in the Brazilian scenario was observed, in line with global goals. However, obstacles such as breast complications, insufficient milk production and inadequate support remain. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of understanding pre- and postpartum breastfeeding to prevent early weaning. Collaboration between mothers, health professionals and policymakers is essential to promote a positive breastfeeding experience. Although breastfeeding rates in Brazil have increased, a comprehensive approach, including ongoing training of healthcare staff, is necessary to address the complexities associated with this practice. Understanding mothers' self-efficacy and perceived barriers is crucial to improving support, providing positive experiences for both mothers and babies.O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar diversos aspectos relacionados à amamentação, abrangendo fatores históricos, sociodemográficos e emocionais. Além disso, buscou-se analisar as taxas de amamentação, os desafios enfrentados, a utilização da "ficha de avaliação da mamada" da OMS e UNICEF, e a influência da autoeficácia e do apoio familiar na prática da amamentação. Métodos: Utilizando uma abordagem de revisão integrativa guiada pelo método PICo, foram pesquisados artigos nas bases Biblioteca Eletrônica Científica Online (SCIELO), PubMed e Literatura em Ciências da Saúde da América Latina e do Caribe (LILACS). A seleção dos artigos foi realizada com base em critérios específicos, avaliados por pesquisadores independentes. A análise minuciosa dos artigos selecionados envolveu a extração de informações relevantes, e a interpretação dos dados foi conduzida por meio de um quadro analítico. O período de análise abrangeu os anos de 2020 a 2024. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram desafios técnicos enfrentados pelas mães na amamentação, como dor mamilar e sucção inadequada, identificados através da observação inicial e da "ficha de avaliação da mamada". A autoeficácia na amamentação foi associada ao apoio familiar e intervenções pré-natais. O aumento nas taxas de amamentação no cenário brasileiro foi observado, alinhando-se com metas globais. No entanto, persistem obstáculos como complicações mamárias, produção insuficiente de leite e suporte inadequado. Conclusão: Em conclusão, o estudo destaca a importância de compreender a amamentação no pré e pós-parto para prevenir o desmame precoce. A colaboração entre mães, profissionais de saúde e políticas é essencial para promover uma experiência positiva de amamentação. Embora as taxas de amamentação no Brasil tenham aumentado, uma abordagem abrangente, incluindo constante capacitação da equipe de saúde, é necessária para enfrentar as complexidades associadas a essa prática. A compreensão da autoeficácia e das barreiras percebidas pelas mães é crucial para aprimorar o suporte, proporcionando experiências positivas tanto para mães quanto para bebês

Genomic epidemiology unveils the dynamics and spatial corridor behind the Yellow Fever virus outbreak in Southern Brazil

Despite the considerable morbidity and mortality of yellow fever virus (YFV) infections in Brazil, our understanding of disease outbreaks is hampered by limited viral genomic data. Here, through a combination of phylogenetic and epidemiological models, we reconstructed the recent transmission history of YFV within different epidemic seasons in Brazil. A suitability index based on the highly domesticated Aedes aegypti was able to capture the seasonality of reported human infections. Spatial modeling revealed spatial hotspots with both past reporting and low vaccination coverage, which coincided with many of the largest urban centers in the Southeast. Phylodynamic analysis unraveled the circulation of three distinct lineages and provided proof of the directionality of a known spatial corridor that connects the endemic North with the extra-Amazonian basin. This study illustrates that genomics linked with eco-epidemiology can provide new insights into the landscape of YFV transmission, augmenting traditional approaches to infectious disease surveillance and control

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data