Changing Fortunes: Biodiversity And Peasant Livelihood In The Peruvian Andes

Este texto estudia la fun- ción sociocultural y ambiental de la diversidad de los cultivos agrícolas en los Andes de Paucartambo, Perú. Se enfoca principalmente en los cultivos de maíz, papa, ulluco y quinua locali- zados a lo largo de un paisaje agríco- la formado por espacios de cultivos como la loma y el valle, en los cuales trabajan campesinos indígenas de la sociedad quechua. Tal diversidad es analizada por el autor a la luz de di- versos procesos que han llevado a su deterioro, lo cual ..

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

System for the Automation and Integration of Communication and Scheduling Processes for Teachers at the San Antonio Foundation

Este proyecto presenta el diseño, análisis, desarrollo y pruebas del sistema construido para la Fundación San Antonio. Muestra diagramas que representan los elementos clave del sistema, junto con descripciones y anotaciones que reflejan sus comportamientos. Además, aborda los desafíos de la fundación, con el objetivo de mejorar la experiencia del usuario, automatizar procesos y optimizar operaciones. La exitosa integración del frontend, backend, base de datos y chatbot del sistema, facilita la gestión eficiente de solicitudes, administración de usuarios y programación de agenda. A través de rigurosas pruebas, el sistema garantiza un software de alta calidad que cumple con las necesidades de la fundación, brindando una solución robusta para la toma de decisiones.This project presents the design, analysis, development, and testing of the system built for the San Antonio Foundation. It showcases diagrams representing key system elements, along with descriptions and annotations reflecting their behaviors. The project addresses the foundation’s challenges, aiming to improve user experience, automate processes, and optimize operations. The system’s successful integration of frontend, backend, database, and chatbot facilitates efficient management of requests, user administration, and scheduling. Through rigorous testing, the system ensures high-quality software that meets the foundation’s needs, providing a robust solution for decision-making.Ingeniero (a) de SistemasPregrad

Afro-reparaciones: memorias de la esclavitud y justicia reparativa para negros, afrocolombianos y raizales

En Colombia, los negros, afrocolombianos y raizales son sujetos de reparaciones no solo dentro del debate de la Ley de Justicia y Paz, debido a la embestida paramilitar y guerrillera en sus territorios colectivos, sino también porque la trata negra transatlántica, la que enmarcó la llegada masiva de esclavos a la Nueva Granada colonial, se ha considerado un crimen de lesa humanidad. La Conferencia de Durban (Sudáfrica, 2001) hizo sujetos de reparación a todos los integrantes de la diáspora africana en el mundo. Este doble entronque enciende y complejiza el debate sobre justicia reparativa en el país. La presente obra recoge ensayos de varios especialistas sobre el tema. Todos ellos buscan dar respuesta, desde diferentes perspectivas, a las siguientes preguntas: ¿Es posible la reconstrucción de una nación como la colombiana, que estableció un novedoso pacto de convivencia ética y política mediante la asunción constitucional de su carácter pluriétnico y multicultural? y, ¿Es posible alcanzar este loable ideal sin actos estatales de reparación de las múltiples injusticias heredadas del pasado, de los traumas sociales que se ocasionaron, que se expresan en las adversas condiciones de vida que llevan ciertos grupos poblacionales?. / Contenido. Preliminares; Capítulo 1 - Color, inferioridad y esclavización: La invención de la diferencia en los discursos de la colonialidad temprana; Capítulo 2 - Ciudadanía, racialización y memoria del cautiverio en la historia de Brasil; Capítulo 3 - Sin justicia étnico-racial no hay paz: Las afro-reparaciones en perspectiva histórico-mundial; Capítulo 4 - Afroecuatorianos: reparaciones y acciones afirmativas; Capítulo 5 - Reparaciones contemporáneas: De la memoria de la esclavitud al cuestionamiento de la exclusión social y el racismo; Capítulo 6 - Reparaciones para negros, afrocolombianos y raizales como rescatados de la Trata Negrera Trasatlántica y desterrados de la guerra en Colombia; Capítulo 7 - El Dorado Negro, o el verdadero peso del oro neogranadino en la colonia; Capítulo 8 - San Andrés Isla, memorias de la colombianización y reparaciones; Capítulo 9 - Mirar hacia adentro para reparar las memorias en Providencia y Santa Catalina; Capítulo 10 - Afrouresanos: la historia de un Palenque, el devenir de un pueblo; Capítulo 11 - Memorias palenqueras de la libertad; Capítulo 12 - Los afronortecaucanos: de la autonomía a la miseria ¿Un caso de doble reparación?; Capítulo 13 - Afro-reparaciones en tierras de comunidades negras: Vuelta de Candelilla, Tumaco; Capítulo 14 - Desde adentro: Una aproximación al tema de Verdad, Justicia y Repación a partir de la víctimas afrocolombianas; Capítulo 15 - Bojayá: Entre el miedo y los medios; Capítulo 16 - Conocimientos ancestrales amenazados y destierro prorrogado: La encrucijada de los afrocolombianos; Capítulo 17- Subvirtiendo la autoridad de lo sentencioso: "Cantadoras que se alaban de poetas"; Capítulo 18 - Los rostros de la memoria afrodescendiente: fiestas, bailes y fandangos; Capítulo 19 - Un rastro del África Central en el Pacífico Colombiano: tallas sagradas entre los indígenas de Chocó y su legado africano; Capítulo 20 - El cementerio africano en Nueva York: enseñanzas de un ejercicio de reconciliación; Capítulo 21 - La educación y el patrimonio cultural, nodos de los procesos de reparación de las comunidades adrocolombianas; Capítulo 22 - Andinocentrismo, salvajismo y afro-reparaciones; Capítulo 23 - La población afrodescendiente y su referencia como sujeto de ley en el desarrollo normativo de Colombia: punto de partida para definir niveles de reconocimiento y reparación, Capítulo 24 - "Aquí ellos también son iguales": una aproximación al racismo en el ámbito escolar; Capítulo 25 - Políticas étnicas afrocolombianas en educación superior: Dinámicas identitarias en la Universidad de Antioquia; Capítulo 26 - Las desigualdades raciales en Colombia: Un análisis sociodemográfico de condiciones de vida, pobreza e ingresos para la ciudad de Cali y el departamento del Valle del Cauca; Capítulo 27 - Memoria y reparación: ¿Y de ser mujeres negras qué?; Capítulo 28 - La encrucijada de los rescatados: entre la memoria doliente y el olvido; Capítulo 29 - Comunidad de la Boquilla: lo patrimonial local en el escenario global; Capítulo 30 - La justicia afrocolombiana se construye en el reconocimiento de la diversidad; Anexo 01 - Índice temático; Anexo 02 - Notas biográficas de autoras y autores; Anexo 03 - Presentación Grupo de Estudios Afrocolombianos GE

Neotropical xenarthrans: a dataset of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics.

International audienceXenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions forecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosys-tem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts withdomestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their fulldistribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths.Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae(3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data onDasypus pilo-sus(Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized,but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In thisdata paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence andquantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is fromthe southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of theNeotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regardinganteaters,Myrmecophaga tridactylahas the most records (n=5,941), andCyclopessp. havethe fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data isDasypus novemcinctus(n=11,588), and the fewest data are recorded forCalyptophractus retusus(n=33). Withregard to sloth species,Bradypus variegatushas the most records (n=962), andBradypus pyg-maeushas the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to makeoccurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly ifwe integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, andNeotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure,habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possiblewith the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data inpublications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are usingthese data

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS: a data set of bird morphological traits from the Atlantic forests of South America

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ