Les pratiques de réception comme marques de capital symbolique : le cas du mass-streaming chez les fans de musique populaire coréenne

Les transformations engendrées par l’avènement des réseaux sociaux et des plateformes d’écoute musicale numériques ont vu naître de nouvelles pratiques de réception musicale. Ce mémoire de maîtrise porte sur l’une d’entre elles, exclusive aux admirateurs de musique populaire coréenne. Plus précisément, il traite d’une activité inédite du nom de mass-streaming, populaire au sein de la communauté d’admirateurs de K-pop (Korean Pop). Cette pratique consiste en l’utilisation de méthodes visant à faire augmenter le plus rapidement possible le nombre de lectures associées à une chanson sur les plateformes d’écoute musicale numériques. L’objectif de ce mémoire est de déterminer la mesure dans laquelle le mass-streaming influe sur l’industrie musicale et les admirateurs qui s’y adonnent. Plusieurs modèles théoriques sont employés afin de formuler une réponse à ce questionnement, notamment ceux des mondes de l’art (Becker 1984), de capital symbolique (Bourdieu 1994) et de capital sous-culturel (Thornton 2013). En guise d’étude de cas, c’est le boyband coréen Beyond The Scene (BTS) et sa communauté de fans qui sont observés. La collecte d’informations a été effectuée en deux phases. La première, qui s’est déroulée entièrement sur Twitter, a consisté en la création d’une collection de tweets sur le sujet du mass-streaming rédigés par des admirateurs. La seconde a été la tenue d’entrevues individuelles semi-dirigées avec des professionnels de l’industrie musicale. Afin de présenter un portrait complet du mass-streaming, une description du contexte historique menant à son avènement est effectuée, de même que la présentation des méthodes employées par les admirateurs ainsi que les causes de l’existence du mass-streaming. Finalement, les différents impacts de la pratique sont envisagés en tant que différents types de capital symbolique (économique, social, culturel, sous-culturel) afin de représenter le plus fidèlement possible les répercussions de cette activité sur les différents partis qui y sont impliqués.The transformations brought upon by the rise of social networks and music streaming platforms have caused the birth of new ways to consume music. This thesis is about one of them, exclusive to fans of Korean popular music. More precisely, it is about a novel activity called mass-streaming, popular amongst the K-pop (Korean Pop) fan community. This practice consists in the use of specific methods that are geared towards the quickest rise possible in streams associated to a particular song on streaming platforms. The aim of this thesis is to determine the measure in which mass-streaming has an influence on the music industry and the fan community. Different conceptual models are applied in order to formulate an answer to that question, namely those of Monde des Arts (Becker 1984), symbolic capital (Bourdieu 1994) and subcultrual capital (Thornthon 2013). As a case study, it is Korean boyband Beyond The Scene (BTS) and its fan community that are studied. Data collection took place in two distinct phases. The first, which took place entirely on microblogging site Twitter, consisted in the creation of a collection of tweets about mass-streaming. The second was made up of a series of semi-directed interviews with music industry professionals. In order to present a complete picture of what mass-streaming is, a description of the historic context and causes that lead to its emergence is made, as well as the presentation of the methods used by fans. Finally, the different impacts of the studied practice are considered as different types of symbolic capital (economic, social, cultural, subcultural) in order to represent as precisely as possible the potential repercussions of this new practice on all parties involved in its functioning

Three‐periodic nets and tilings: minimal nets

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/116005/1/S0108767304015442.pd

ITQ-37 a chiral zeolite framework following the SrSi2 net and containing 30-ring extra-large gyroidal channels

[EN] The synthesis of crystalline molecular sieves with pore dimensions that fill the gap between microporous and mesoporous materials is a matter of fundamental and industrial interest(1-3). The preparation of zeolitic materials with extralarge pores and chiral frameworks would permit many new applications. Two important steps in this direction include the synthesis(4) of ITQ-33, a stable zeolite with 18 x 10 x 10 ring windows, and the synthesis(5) of SU-32, which has an intrinsically chiral zeolite structure and where each crystal exhibits only one handedness. Here we present a germanosilicate zeolite (ITQ-37) with extralarge 30-ring windows. Its structure was determined by combining selected area electron diffraction ( SAED) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) in a charge-flipping algorithm(6). The framework follows the SrSi2 (srs) minimal net(7) and forms two unique cavities, each of which is connected to three other cavities to form a gyroidal channel system. These cavities comprise the enantiomorphous srs net of the framework. ITQ-37 is the first chiral zeolite with one single gyroidal channel. It has the lowest framework density (10.3 T atoms per 1,000 angstrom(3)) of all existing 4-coordinated crystalline oxide frameworks, and the pore volume of the corresponding silica polymorph would be 0.38 cm(3) g(-1).This project is supported by the CICYT ( Project MAT 2006-14274-C02-01 and Prometeo 2008 GV), the Swedish Research Council (VR) and the Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems (VINNOVA). J.S. and C. B. are supported by post-doctoral grants from the Carl-Trygger and Wenner-Gren foundations respectively. M. M. thanks ITQ for a scholarship.Sun, J.; Bonneau, C.; Cantin Sanz, A.; Corma Canós, A.; Díaz Cabañas, MJ.; Moliner Marin, M.; Zhang, D.... (2009). ITQ-37 a chiral zeolite framework following the SrSi2 net and containing 30-ring extra-large gyroidal channels. Nature. 458(7242):1154-1158. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07957S115411584587242Davis, M. E. Ordered porous materials for emerging applications. Nature 417, 813–821 (2002)Corma, A. State of the art and future challenges of zeolites as catalysis. J. Catal. 216, 298–312 (2003)Férey, G. Materials science: the simplicity of complexity—rational design of giant pores. Science 291, 994–995 (2001)Corma, A., Díaz-Cabañas, M. J., Jorda, J. L., Martínez, C. & Moliner, M. High-throughput synthesis and catalytic properties of a molecular sieve with 18- and 10-member rings. Nature 443, 842–845 (2006)Tang, L. Q. et al. A zeolite family with chiral and achiral structures built from the same building layer. Nature Mater. 7, 381–385 (2008)Baerlocher, McCusker, L. B. & Palatinus, L. Charge flipping combined with histogram matching to solve complex crystal structures from powder diffraction data. Z. Kristallogr. 222, 47–53 (2007)Delgado-Friedrichs, O., O’Keeffe, M. & Yaghi, O. M. Three-periodic nets and tilings: regular and quasiregular nets. Acta Crystallogr. A 59, 22–27 (2003)Schröder, G. E., Fogden, A. & Hyde, S. T. Bicontinuous geometries and molecular self-assembly: comparison of local curvature and global packing variation in genus-three cubic, tetragonal and rhombohedral surfaces. Eur. Phys. J. B 54, 509–524 (2006)Taylor, W. H. The structure of analcite (NaAlSi2O6.H2O). Z. Kristallogr. 74, 1–19 (1930)Gier, T. E., Bu, X., Feng, P. & Stucky, G. D. Synthesis and organization of zeolite-like materials with three-dimensional helical pores. Nature 395, 154–157 (1998)Zou, X., Conradsson, T., Klingstedt, M., Dadachov, M. S. & O’Keeffe, M. A mesoporous germanium oxide with crystalline pore walls and its chiral derivative. Nature 437, 716–719 (2005)Cantín, Á., Corma, A., Díaz-Cabañas, M. J., Jorda, J. L. & Moliner, M. Rational design and HT techniques allow the synthesis of new IWR zeolite polymorphs. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 4216–4217 (2006)Gramm, F. et al. Complex zeolite structure solved by combining powder diffraction and electron microscopy. Nature 444, 79–81 (2006)Baerlocher, Ch et al. Structure of the polycrystalline zeolite catalyst IM-5 solved by enhanced charge flipping. Science 315, 1113–1116 (2007)Baerlocher, Ch et al. Ordered silicon vacancies in the framework structure of the zeolite catalyst SSZ-74. Nature Mater. 7, 631–635 (2008)Grosse-Kunstleve, R. W., McCusker, L. B. & Baerlocher, Ch Powder diffraction data and crystal chemical information combined in an automated structure determination procedure for zeolites. J. Appl. Cryst. 30, 985–995 (1997)Palatinus, L. & Chapuis, G. Superflip—a computer program for the solution of crystal structures by charge flipping in arbitrary dimensions. J. Appl. Cryst. 40, 786–790 (2007)Zou, X. D., Sukharev, Y. & Hovmöller, S. Quantitative measurement of intensities from electron diffraction patterns for structure determination—new features in the program system ELD. Ultramicroscopy 52, 436–444 (1993)O'Keeffe, M., Peskov, M. A., Ramsden, S. J. & Yaghi, O. M. The Reticular Chemistry Structure Resource (RCSR) database of, and symbols for, crystal nets. Acc. Chem. Res. 41, 1782–1798 (2008)Climent, M. J., Corma, A. & Velty, A. Zeolites for the production of fine chemicals. Synthesis of the fructone fragance. J. Catal. 196, 345–351 (2000)Climent, M. J., Corma, A. & Velty, A. Design of a solid catalyst for the synthesis of a molecule with a orange blossom scent. Green Chem. 4, 565–569 (2002)Climent, M. J., Corma, A. & Velty, A. Synthesis of hyacinth, vanilla and orange blossom fragrances. The benefit of using zeikutes and delaminated zeolites as catalysts. Appl. Catal. Gen. 263, 155–161 (2004)Hovmöller, S. CRISP: Crystallographic image processing on a personal computer. Ultramicroscopy 41, 121–135 (1992)Young, R. A. The Rietveld Method 1–39 (IUCr Book Serials, Oxford Univ. Press, 1993)Delgado-Friedrichs, O. & O'Keeffe, M. Identification and symmetry computation for crystal nets. Acta Crystallogr. A 59, 351–360 (2003)Delgado-Friedrichs, O. Data structures and algorithms for tilings. I. Theor. Comput. Sci. 303, 431–445 (2003)Blatov, V. A. Multipurpose crystallochemical analysis with the program package TOPOS. IUCr Comp. Commun. Newsl. 7, 4–38 (2006

Genome-wide association for milk production and lactation curve parameters in Holstein dairy cows

The aim of this study was to identify genomic regions associated with 305-day milk yield and lactation curve parameters on primiparous (n = 9,910) and multiparous (n = 11,158) Holstein cows. The SNP solutions were estimated using a weighted single-step genomic BLUP approach and imputed high-density panel (777k) genotypes. The proportion of genetic variance explained by windows of 50 consecutive SNP (with an average of 165 Kb) was calculated, and regions that accounted for more than 0.50% of the variance were used to search for candidate genes. Estimated heritabilities were 0.37, 0.34, 0.17, 0.12, 0.30 and 0.19, respectively, for 305-day milk yield, peak yield, peak time, ramp, scale and decay for primiparous cows. Genetic correlations of 305-day milk yield with peak yield, peak time, ramp, scale and decay in primiparous cows were 0.99, 0.63, 0.20, 0.97 and -0.52, respectively. The results identified three windows on BTA14 associated with 305-day milk yield and the parameters of lactation curve in primi- and multiparous cows. Previously proposed candidate genes for milk yield supported by this work include GRINA, CYHR1, FOXH1, TONSL, PPP1R16A, ARHGAP39, MAF1, OPLAH and MROH1, whereas newly identified candidate genes are MIR2308, ZNF7, ZNF34, SLURP1, MAFA and KIFC2 (BTA14). The protein lipidation biological process term, which plays a key role in controlling protein localization and function, was identified as the most important term enriched by the identified genes

Expert-based development of a generic HACCP-based risk management system to prevent critical negative energy balance in dairy herds

The objective of this study was to develop a generic risk management system based on the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) principles for the prevention of critical negative energy balance (NEB) in dairy herds using an expert panel approach. In addition, we discuss the advantages and limitations of the system in terms of implementation in the individual dairy herd. For the expert panel, we invited 30 researchers and advisors with expertise in the field of dairy cow feeding and/or health management from eight European regions. They were invited to a Delphi-based set-up that included three inter-correlated questionnaires in which they were asked to suggest risk factors for critical NEB and to score these based on 'effect' and 'probability'. Finally, the experts were asked to suggest critical control points (CCPs) specified by alarm values, monitoring frequency and corrective actions related to the most relevant risk factors in an operational farm setting. A total of 12 experts (40 %) completed all three questionnaires. Of these 12 experts, seven were researchers and five were advisors and in total they represented seven out of the eight European regions addressed in the questionnaire study. When asking for suggestions on risk factors and CCPs, these were formulated as 'open questions', and the experts' suggestions were numerous and overlapping. The suggestions were merged via a process of linguistic editing in order to eliminate doublets. The editing process revealed that the experts provided a total of 34 CCPs for the 11 risk factors they scored as most important. The consensus among experts was relatively high when scoring the most important risk factors, while there were more diverse suggestions of CCPs with specification of alarm values and corrective actions. We therefore concluded that the expert panel approach only partly succeeded in developing a generic HACCP for critical NEB in dairy cows. We recommend that the output of this paper is used to inform key areas for implementation on the individual dairy farm by local farm teams including farmers and their advisors, who together can conduct herd-specific risk factor profiling, organise the ongoing monitoring of herd-specific CCPs, as well as implement corrective actions when CCP alarm values are exceeded

Identification of genetic variants associated with Huntington's disease progression: a genome-wide association study

Background Huntington's disease is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene, HTT. Age at onset has been used as a quantitative phenotype in genetic analysis looking for Huntington's disease modifiers, but is hard to define and not always available. Therefore, we aimed to generate a novel measure of disease progression and to identify genetic markers associated with this progression measure. Methods We generated a progression score on the basis of principal component analysis of prospectively acquired longitudinal changes in motor, cognitive, and imaging measures in the 218 indivduals in the TRACK-HD cohort of Huntington's disease gene mutation carriers (data collected 2008–11). We generated a parallel progression score using data from 1773 previously genotyped participants from the European Huntington's Disease Network REGISTRY study of Huntington's disease mutation carriers (data collected 2003–13). We did a genome-wide association analyses in terms of progression for 216 TRACK-HD participants and 1773 REGISTRY participants, then a meta-analysis of these results was undertaken. Findings Longitudinal motor, cognitive, and imaging scores were correlated with each other in TRACK-HD participants, justifying use of a single, cross-domain measure of disease progression in both studies. The TRACK-HD and REGISTRY progression measures were correlated with each other (r=0·674), and with age at onset (TRACK-HD, r=0·315; REGISTRY, r=0·234). The meta-analysis of progression in TRACK-HD and REGISTRY gave a genome-wide significant signal (p=1·12 × 10−10) on chromosome 5 spanning three genes: MSH3, DHFR, and MTRNR2L2. The genes in this locus were associated with progression in TRACK-HD (MSH3 p=2·94 × 10−8 DHFR p=8·37 × 10−7 MTRNR2L2 p=2·15 × 10−9) and to a lesser extent in REGISTRY (MSH3 p=9·36 × 10−4 DHFR p=8·45 × 10−4 MTRNR2L2 p=1·20 × 10−3). The lead single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in TRACK-HD (rs557874766) was genome-wide significant in the meta-analysis (p=1·58 × 10−8), and encodes an aminoacid change (Pro67Ala) in MSH3. In TRACK-HD, each copy of the minor allele at this SNP was associated with a 0·4 units per year (95% CI 0·16–0·66) reduction in the rate of change of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) Total Motor Score, and a reduction of 0·12 units per year (95% CI 0·06–0·18) in the rate of change of UHDRS Total Functional Capacity score. These associations remained significant after adjusting for age of onset. Interpretation The multidomain progression measure in TRACK-HD was associated with a functional variant that was genome-wide significant in our meta-analysis. The association in only 216 participants implies that the progression measure is a sensitive reflection of disease burden, that the effect size at this locus is large, or both. Knockout of Msh3 reduces somatic expansion in Huntington's disease mouse models, suggesting this mechanism as an area for future therapeutic investigation

Intermetallic Crystal Structures as Foams. Beyond Frank–Kasper

In many intermetallic structures, the atoms and bonds divide space into tilings by tetrahedra. The well-known Frank–Kasper phases are examples. The dual tilings divide space into a tiling by polyhedra that is topologically a foam. The number of faces of the dual polyhedron corresponds to the atom coordination number in the direct structure, and face sharing by adjacent polyhedra corresponds to bonds in the direct structure. A number of commonly occurring intermetallic crystal structures are shown as their duals. A major advantage of this alternative mode of depiction is that coordination of all of the atoms can be seen simultaneously

Les légumes de saison : Case study majeure marketing

Marketin