Dijital ve medya etkinliklerinin ortaokul öğrencilerinin ve ebeveynlerinin medya ve bilim okuryazarlıklarına etkisinin belirlenmesi

Bu araştırmada dijital ve medya etkinliklerinin ortaokul öğrencilerinin ve ebeveynlerinin bilim okuryazarlığı ve medya okuryazarlığına etkisini tespit etmek ve bu ikisi arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada nicel verilerin kullanıldığı tek grup üzerinde ön-son test çalışmalarının yapıldığı yarı deneysel model kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 2013-2014 eğitim-öğretim yılında Bursa iline bağlı bir okulda öğrenim görmekte olan 60 öğrenci ve 119 ebeveyn oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin analizlerine göre, dijital ve medya etkinlikleri ortaokul öğrencilerinin ve ebeveynlerin bilimsel okuryazarlık ön testleri ve son testleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Öğrencilerin ve ebeveyn olarak annelerin medya ve bilim okuryazarlık düzeyleri arasında bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Uygulanan PISA ve TIMSS sınavları ile öğrencilerin bilim okuryazarlıkları arasında bir farka rastlanmıştır. Bulunan bu sonuçlar ışığında, 21. yy becerileri okuryazarlıklarının öneminin vurgulanması ve bilim ve medya okuryazarlık düzeylerinin geliştirilmesi ve daha kapsamlı sonuçlar elde edilmesi hususunda bazı öneriler sunulmuştur

Surface and buildup region dose measurements with Markus parallel-plate ionization chamber, Gafchromic EBT3 film and MOSFET detector for high energy photon beams

The aim of the study was to investigate surface and buildup region doses for 6MV and 15MV photon beams using a Markus parallel-plate ionization chamber, GafChromic EBT3 film, and MOSFET detector for different field sizes and beam angles. The measurements were made in a water equivalent solid phantom at the surface and in the buildup region of the 6MV and 15MV photon beams at 100 cm source-detector distance for 5 x 5, 10 x 10, and 20 x 20 cm2 field sizes and 0, 30, 60, and 80 beam angles. The surface doses using 6MVphoton beams for 10 x 10 cm2 field size were found to be 20.3%, 18.8%, and 25.5% for Markus chamber, EBT3 film, and MOSFET detector, respectively. The surface doses using 15MV photon beams for 10 x 10 cm2 field size were found to be 14.9%, 13.4%, and 16.4% for Markus chamber, EBT3 film, and MOSFET detector, respectively. The surface dose increased with field size for all dosimeters. As the angle of the incident radiation beam became more oblique, the surface dose increased. The effective measurement depths of dosimeters vary; thus, the results of the measurements could be different. This issue can lead to mistakes at surface and buildup dosimetry and must be taken into account

Topluluk girişimciliği : Denizli Babadağlılar Çarşısı örneği

Community entrepreneurship is a kind of entrepreneurial activity for common utilities that is carried out in cooperation with members of that community. Both entrepreneur and enterprise function together for the well being of community members in this kind of entrepreneurship sense since the main aim of community entrepreneurship is contribution to regional economy and social growth. Nevertheless, existence of community entrepreneurship can be possible in the light of an entrepreneurial leader rising from the community. Community entrepreneurship is seen as more e ssential for developing countries as rising of such countries is possible from below to top. Since entrepreneurs, who has intention to community entrepreneurship, obtain required capital in a different way than the traditional understanding of entrepreneur ship. In this way, local people who normally do not prefer to invest in a private enterprise, are convinced to invest in a community enterprise. There are many examples of community entrepreneurship with established businesses in the context of people's sector in Denizli. Babadaglılar Office Block was organized as a model form of community entrepreneurship with the leadership of Kazım Kaynak in 1976. Even though, that was founded in order to market commodities of producers and sellers from Babadag, today, i t is an office block in which sellers from Denizli come together to sell textile products usually made in Denizli. Within this scope, interview method is preferred as a research methodology. Interviews were done with Kazım Kaynak’s son and Office Block man ager. They told how Babadag Office Block emerged and how still operated

Production And Characterization Of Modified Pet Foam

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2012Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2012Polimer yapılı köpükler otomotiv, rüzgar türbini, uçak, uzay, inşaat, denizcilik, elektronik ve ambalaj sektörlerinde kullanılmaktadır. Termoplastik köpük üretimi ekstrüzyonla, enjeksiyonla, üflemeli , döner ve basınçla kalıplama ile ısıl şekillendirme yöntemleriyle gerçekleştirilmektedir. Köpürtücü ajanlar fiziksel veya kimyasal olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kimyasal köpürtücü ajan (5-fenil-1H-tetrazol) kullanılarak presle kalıplama yöntemi ile kapalı-hücre morfolojisine sahip, yapısal olarak sert poli(etilen tereftalat) köpük üretmektir. Polikaprolakton ve poli(dimetil siloksan) üç bloklu ABA tipi ticari bir kopolimeri olan α,ω-dihidroksi polykaprolakton–poly(dimetil siloksan, yüzey iyileştirici katkı maddesi olarak kullanılmıştır. Proses parametreleri olan proses sıcaklığı, proses süresi ve proses basıncı optimize edilerek elde edilen 27 örnek hazırlandı. Bu örneklerin ve başlangıç maddelerinin fiziksel, mekanik ve termal karakterizasyonları yapıldı.Polymeric structural foams have been widely used in automotive, wind turbine, aerospace, construction, marine, electronic and packaging industries. Foaming of thermoplastics is used in extrusion, compounding, injection, blow, rotational, compression moldings, and thermoforming. There are physical and chemical foaming agents. The aim of this study is to produce poly(etylene terephthalate) rigid foams in closed-cell structure with a chemical blowing agent (5-phenyl-1H-tetrazole), by compression molding method. A commercial ABA type triblock copolymer of polycaprolactone and poly(dimethyl siloxane) which is α,ω-dihydroxy polycaprolactone–poly(dimethylsiloxane) was used as surface modifying additive. The process parameters, which are processing temperature, processing time and processing pressure, can be optimized and 27 different samples were prepared. These samples and the starting materials were characterized by physically, mechanically, and thermally.Yüksek LisansM.Sc

Evaluation of the relationship between the topographical anatomy in the axillary region of the brachial plexus and the body mass index

WOS: 000439345200023PubMed ID: 28871408To investigate the topographic anatomy of the median, musculocutaneous, radial and ulnar nerves with respect to the axillary artery and to seek whether these configurations are associated with baseline descriptive data including age, gender, and body-mass index. This cross-sectional trial was carried out on 199 patients (85 women, 114 men; average age: 46.78 +/- 15.45 years) in the department of anaesthesiology and reanimation of a tertiary care center. Topographic anatomy of the median, musculocutaneous, radial and ulnar nerves was assessed with ultrasonography. Localization of these nerves with respect to the axillary artery was marked on the map demonstrating 16 zones around the axillary artery. Frequencies of localizations of every nerve in these zones were recorded, and the correlation of these locations with descriptive data including age, gender and BMI was investigated. There was no difference between women and men for the distribution of the median (p = 0.74), ulnar (p = 0.35) and radial (p = 0.64) nerves. However, the musculocutaneous nerve was more commonly located in Zone A13 in men compared to women (p = 0.02). The localization of the median (p = 0.85), ulnar (p = 0.27) and radial (p = 0.88) nerves did not differ remarkably between patients with BMI < 25 kg/m(2) and patients with BMI 25 kg/m(2). Notably, the musculocutaneous nerve was more often determined in Zone A10 in cases with BMI 25 kg/m(2) (p = 0.001). Our results imply that the alignment of the musculocutaneous nerve may vary in men and overweight people. This fact must be considered by the anaesthetist before planning the axillary block of brachial plexus. All these informations may enlighten the planning stages of the brachial plexus blockade

Research of Dosimetry Parameters in Small Electron Beams

In this study, dose distributions and outputs of circular fields with dimensions of 5 cm and smaller, for 6 and 9 MeV nominal energies from the Siemens ONCOR Linac, were measured and compared with data from a treatment planning system using the pencil beam algorithm in electron beam calculations. All dose distribution measurements were performed using the GafChromic EBT film; these measurements were compared with data that were obtained from the Computerized Medical Systems (CMS) XiO treatment planning system (TPS). Output measurements were performed using GafChromic EBT film, an Advanced Markus ion chamber, and thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD). Although it is used in many clinics, there is not a substantial amount of detailed information in the literature about use of the pencil beam algorithm to model electron beams. Output factors were consistent; differences from the values obtained from the TPS were at maximum. When the dose distributions from the TPS were compared with the measurements from the ion chamber and GafChromic EBT films, it was observed that the results were consistent with 2 cm diameter fields and larger, but the outputs for 1 cm diameter fields and smaller were not consistent

Evaluation of patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease: Preliminary results from the Turk-UIP study

OBJECTIVE: Differential diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is important among fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILD). This study aimed to evaluate the rate of IPF in patients with fibrotic ILD and to determine the clinical-laboratory features of patients with and without IPF that would provide the differential diagnosis of IPF. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included the patients with the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern or possible UIP pattern on thorax high-resolution computed tomography, and/or UIP pattern, probable UIP or possible UIP pattern at lung biopsy according to the 2011 ATS/ERSARS/ALAT guidelines. Demographics and clinical and radiological data of the patients were recorded. All data recorded by researchers was evaluated by radiology and the clinical decision board. RESULTS: A total of 336 patients (253 men, 83 women, age 65.8 +/- 9.0 years) were evaluated. Of the patients with sufficient data for diag-nosis (n=300), the diagnosis was IPF in 121 (40.3%), unclassified idiopathic interstitial pneumonia in 50 (16.7%), combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) in 40 (13.3%), and lung involvement of connective tissue disease (CTD) in 16 (5.3%). When 29 patients with definite IPF features were added to the patients with CPFE, the total number of IPF patients reached 150 (50%). Rate of male sex (p<0.001), smoking history (p<0.001), and the presence of clubbing (p=0.001) were significantly high in patients with IPE None of the women <50 years and none of the men <50 years of age without a smoking history were diagnosed with IPE Presence of at least 1 of the symptoms suggestive of CTD, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and antinuclear antibody (FANA) positivity rates were significantly higher in the non-IPF group (p<0.001, p=0.029, p=0.009, respectively). CONCLUSION: The rate of IPF among patients with fibrotic ILD was 50%. In the differential diagnosis of IPF, sex, smoking habits, and the presence of clubbing are important. The presence of symptoms related to CTD, ESR elevation, and EANA positivity reduce the likelihood of IPF

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P &lt; 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely