Classification of Epileptic EEG Signals by Wavelet based CFC

Electroencephalogram, an influential equipment for analyzing humans activities and recognition of seizure attacks can play a crucial role in designing accurate systems which can distinguish ictal seizures from regular brain alertness, since it is the first step towards accomplishing a high accuracy computer aided diagnosis system (CAD). In this article a novel approach for classification of ictal signals with wavelet based cross frequency coupling (CFC) is suggested. After extracting features by wavelet based CFC, optimal features have been selected by t-test and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) have completed the Classification.Comment: Electroencephalogram; Wavelet Decomposition; Cross Frequency Coupling;Quadratic Discriminant Analysis; T-test Feature Selectio

The effect of aperture size on gigaseal formation

Patch clamping, the gold standard for ion channel studies, is entirely dependent on formation of a high resistance seal between cell membrane and patching site,known as gigaseal. As this process is laborious and time consuming, there have been many attempts to develop automated high throughput chip-based patch clamping devices. In spite of recent advances, these devices still cannot form gigaseals relying instead on less tight seals that impede their ability to measure the pA ionic currents passing through single ion channels. Progress is presently limited due to a lack of understanding of the physical and chemical mechanisms underlying gigaseal formation. In all forms of patch clamping access to the cell is achieved via a small aperture. Here, we systematically examine the influence of aperture size, micropipette rim morphology, and surface roughness on gigaseal formation in conventional patch clamping using micro/nanofabrication and modelling techniques. Our results show that smaller aperture sizes lead to improved seal formation within a range of x-y. For aperture sizes out of this range, either bigger or smaller, gigaseal formation is very difficult if not impossible. While in the literature the surface quality of patching sites is only described by average surface roughness, this research reveals that parameters such as: developed interfacial area ratio, valley void volume of the surface, ratio of core void volume to core material volume, and maximum peak to valley distance play more important roles in seal formation. Furthermore,these parameters are size dependent; as a result glass micropipettes with smaller aperture sizes are flatter and have lower water retentionability resulting in better seals. Results of this work support the practical knowledge that pipettes having smaller apertures form better seals

Bacterial Expression of TMTP1-Fused L-Asparaginase for Targeting Leukemia and Metastatic Tumor Cells

L-asparaginase is recognized as a first-line anticancer drug for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); however, low-substrate specificity and exhibiting glutaminase activity cause various off-target toxicities on normal cells. In the following study, we functionalized wild-type asparaginase with the TMTP1 targeting peptide which specifically targets a variety of hematological and metastatic cancer cells. The peptide sequence was genetically added to the N-terminal end of the asparaginase using the restriction endonuclease-free cloning method. Wild-type and engineered asparaginases were expressed in E. coli and purified by Nickel affinity chromatography column. The in vitro activity of both types of enzymes was evaluated by Nessler’s method. The sequencing results showed that the TMTP1 sequence was added in the correct frame to the asparaginase. Wild-type and TMTP1-fused asparaginases were produced in a soluble state with the specific activity of 172 U/mg and 153 U/mg, respectively. The evidence from this study suggests that TMTP1-fused asparaginase could preserve its solubility and activity compared to the wild-type species and can be proposed for future research in anticancer therapies

The Completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey::N-body Mock Challenge for the eBOSS Emission Line Galaxy Sample

21 pages, 7 figures and 9 tables, A summary of all SDSS BAO and RSD measurements with accompanying legacy figures can be found at https://www.sdss.org/science/final-bao-and-rsd-measurements/ . The full cosmological interpretation of these measurements can be found at https://www.sdss.org/science/cosmology-results-from-eboss/ . Comments are welcomeInternational audienceCosmological growth can be measured in the redshift space clustering of galaxies targeted by spectroscopic surveys. Accurate prediction of clustering of galaxies will require understanding galaxy physics which is a very hard and highly non-linear problem. Approximate models of redshift space distortion (RSD) take a perturbative approach to solve the evolution of dark matter and galaxies in the universe. In this paper we focus on eBOSS emission line galaxies (ELGs) which live in intermediate mass haloes. We create a series of mock catalogues using haloes from the Multidark and {\sc Outer Rim} dark matter only N-body simulations. Our mock catalogues include various effects inspired by baryonic physics such as assembly bias and the characteristics of satellite galaxies kinematics, dynamics and statistics deviating from dark matter particles. We analyse these mocks using the TNS RSD model in Fourier space and the CLPT in configuration space. We conclude that these two RSD models provide an unbiased measurement of redshift space distortion within the statistical error of our mocks. We obtain the conservative theoretical systematic uncertainty of $3.3\%$, $1.8\%$ and $1.5\%$ in $f\sigma_8$, $\alpha_{\parallel}$ and $\alpha_{\bot}$ respectively for the TNS and CLPT models. We note that the estimated theoretical systematic error is an order of magnitude smaller than the statistical error of the eBOSS ELG sample and hence are negligible for the purpose of the current eBOSS ELG analysis

BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License

Finite element analysis of aircraft tyres

In this thesis, the Finite Element (FE) Analysis of aircraft tyres is presented. The modelling and simulations of detailed construction of tyre enable tyre manufacturers to evaluate new designs and development before a prototype is fabricated, and aim to reduce the research costs and efforts to optimise the current tyre design of tyres. The material properties is key in the FE modelling and analysis, a number of sample from the rubber compounds and reinforcement were used to characterise the elastic, hyperelastic and viscoelastic behaviour of material. In this research, two aircraft tyres were employed for correlation study to a number of design checks and standard tests such as profile growth, sidewall deformation, footprint, contact pressure, and load-deformation data. The burst simulation was carried out to investigate when and where the failure in tyre occurs and compares it with what happens in real-world burst test as an important procedure in tyre safety certification by aviation authorities. As a result, the virtual testing would shorten the design procedure by checking the design parameters in advance of tyre prototyping. Moreover, the FE parameters such as mesh size and tyre geometry are investigated for optimisation of the runtime and accuracy and improvements in the FE results. A number of simulations were run to determine generated forces and moments across the contact patch using a steady-state approach in presence of air as the tyre inflator to obtain a higher accuracy in prediction of the vertical stiffness and footprint area. In addition, the tyre was freely rolled on the runway using an explicit approach to investigate the energy dissipation and heat build-up per tyre rotation due to the tyre viscoelasticity. Finally, TAIS (Tyre Analysis Interface System) development is explained in response to the design requirements from Dunlop Aircraft Tyres