97 research outputs found
Le Marais des Paluns
Les zones humides mĂ©diterranĂ©ennes sont au cĆur de multiples enjeux environnementaux. Les zones humides de la Palun connectĂ©es Ă lâĂ©tang de Berre sont une zone spĂ©ciale de conservation situĂ©e Ă lâaval dâun bassin versant anthropisĂ©. Une contamination diffuse et cumulative dans le temps des sĂ©diments y a Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©e. Câest dans ce contexte quâun travail a Ă©tĂ© menĂ© sur un procĂ©dĂ© de traitement des eaux du bassin versant de la Palun pour favoriser la rĂ©silience du marais rĂ©cepteur face Ă la pollution chronique. Les possibilitĂ©s de rĂ©alisation dâune zone humide artificielle en amont du marais, dĂ©diĂ©e Ă lâĂ©puration des eaux, ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©flĂ©chies en lien avec les usages et les attentes parfois divergentes des acteurs du territoire. La rĂ©paration des atteintes environnementales dans le contexte socio-Ă©conomique contraint de lâĂ©tang de Berre a Ă©tĂ© interrogĂ©e Ă partir des savoirs issus de lâĂ©cologie de la restauration et de la sociologie.Mediterranean wetlands are subject to many environmental issues. The Palun wetlands in connection with the industrialized Berre lagoon are a special area of conservation located downstream of an anthropised watershed and where diffuse and cumulative contaminations of the sediments were detected. A work was then carried out on a water treatment process in the Palun watershed to promote the resilience of the receiving marsh. The possibilities of creating a constructed wetland upstream to treat all waters have been reflected in connection with the potential divergent uses and expectations of the territory actors. Repairing environmental damages in the particular socio-economic context of the Berre lagoon was considered from the knowledge of restoration ecology and sociology
Reinforced Concretes of Tomorrow: Corrosion Behaviour according to Exposure Classes
Reinforced concrete is the most widely used building material but its durability in terms of concrete cover performance and corrosion of steel rebar is still a key point to be studied. To address this topic, within the frame of the national project PERFDUB, two series of eleven reinforced concrete specimens (with metric dimensions) were cast with innovative concrete mixes representative of the French experience, two shapes of rebar and two concrete covers. Then, these specimens were exposed in two natural exposure sites, one in Epernon for carbonation (XC4) and a second one in La Rochelle in the Atlantic Ocean in a tidal zone for chloride ions (XS3m). Their corrosion was carried out using non-destructive testing. In addition, in order to follow the corrosion evolution more accurately in a continuous way, two series of three specimens were casted with embedded sensors and were exposed in two other outdoor sites in Marne-la-Vallée (XC4) and in Eqiom facility (XS3e). The first results of this 20-year project in terms of corrosion of these reinforced concrete specimens obtained with laboratory and field equipment and with monitoring are presented in this paper
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Proceedings of the 13th annual conference of INEBRIA
CITATION: Watson, R., et al. 2016. Proceedings of the 13th annual conference of INEBRIA. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, 11:13, doi:10.1186/s13722-016-0062-9.The original publication is available at https://ascpjournal.biomedcentral.comENGLISH SUMMARY : Meeting abstracts.https://ascpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13722-016-0062-9Publisher's versio
Identification of genetic variants associated with Huntington's disease progression: a genome-wide association study
Background Huntington's disease is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene, HTT. Age at onset has been used as a quantitative phenotype in genetic analysis looking for Huntington's disease modifiers, but is hard to define and not always available. Therefore, we aimed to generate a novel measure of disease progression and to identify genetic markers associated with this progression measure. Methods We generated a progression score on the basis of principal component analysis of prospectively acquired longitudinal changes in motor, cognitive, and imaging measures in the 218 indivduals in the TRACK-HD cohort of Huntington's disease gene mutation carriers (data collected 2008â11). We generated a parallel progression score using data from 1773 previously genotyped participants from the European Huntington's Disease Network REGISTRY study of Huntington's disease mutation carriers (data collected 2003â13). We did a genome-wide association analyses in terms of progression for 216 TRACK-HD participants and 1773 REGISTRY participants, then a meta-analysis of these results was undertaken. Findings Longitudinal motor, cognitive, and imaging scores were correlated with each other in TRACK-HD participants, justifying use of a single, cross-domain measure of disease progression in both studies. The TRACK-HD and REGISTRY progression measures were correlated with each other (r=0·674), and with age at onset (TRACK-HD, r=0·315; REGISTRY, r=0·234). The meta-analysis of progression in TRACK-HD and REGISTRY gave a genome-wide significant signal (p=1·12 Ă 10â10) on chromosome 5 spanning three genes: MSH3, DHFR, and MTRNR2L2. The genes in this locus were associated with progression in TRACK-HD (MSH3 p=2·94 Ă 10â8 DHFR p=8·37 Ă 10â7 MTRNR2L2 p=2·15 Ă 10â9) and to a lesser extent in REGISTRY (MSH3 p=9·36 Ă 10â4 DHFR p=8·45 Ă 10â4 MTRNR2L2 p=1·20 Ă 10â3). The lead single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in TRACK-HD (rs557874766) was genome-wide significant in the meta-analysis (p=1·58 Ă 10â8), and encodes an aminoacid change (Pro67Ala) in MSH3. In TRACK-HD, each copy of the minor allele at this SNP was associated with a 0·4 units per year (95% CI 0·16â0·66) reduction in the rate of change of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) Total Motor Score, and a reduction of 0·12 units per year (95% CI 0·06â0·18) in the rate of change of UHDRS Total Functional Capacity score. These associations remained significant after adjusting for age of onset. Interpretation The multidomain progression measure in TRACK-HD was associated with a functional variant that was genome-wide significant in our meta-analysis. The association in only 216 participants implies that the progression measure is a sensitive reflection of disease burden, that the effect size at this locus is large, or both. Knockout of Msh3 reduces somatic expansion in Huntington's disease mouse models, suggesting this mechanism as an area for future therapeutic investigation
LâĂ©valuation dâun dispositif : Lâexemple de lâaide personnalisĂ©e Ă lâĂ©lĂšve (APE)
Ă la rentrĂ©e scolaire 2008 a Ă©tĂ© mis en place un nouveau dispositif en France, lâaide personnalisĂ©e Ă lâĂ©lĂšve (APE), devant permettre une meilleure prise en charge des difficultĂ©s des Ă©lĂšves du premier degrĂ©. Il sâaccompagne dâune transformation des rythmes scolaires et des missions des enseignants. De nombreuses rĂ©actions dâapparence plutĂŽt critiques Ă©mergent. Mais quelles sont les retombĂ©es de la mise en place de ce dispositif ? Nâayant pas de modĂšle dâĂ©valuation, lâauteure a optĂ© dans cette recherche pour la rĂ©fĂ©rentialisation comme dĂ©marche permettant de baliser les frontiĂšres puis de donner une image du dispositif Ă©tudiĂ© dans notre cas. Lâauteure a choisi de traiter des effets des APE tant sur le plan de ce temps particulier que sur celui du retour en classe. Une enquĂȘte a ainsi Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e dans quatre Ă©coles dâapplication auprĂšs des acteurs concernĂ©s (enseignants, parents et Ă©lĂšves). Il leur a Ă©tĂ© demandĂ© notamment de sâexprimer sur les modalitĂ©s de fonctionnement des APE, sur les changements observĂ©s chez les Ă©lĂšves et sur le rĂŽle dâun tel dispositif dans lâĂ©volution du regard portĂ© sur la gestion de la difficultĂ© scolaire. Des effets plutĂŽt positifs dans lâensemble peuvent ĂȘtre constatĂ©s sur les plans scolaire, mĂ©thodologique et comportemental.At the beginning of the 2008 school year, a new French teaching program, known as pupil personal help, was implemented so as to allow pupils from primary school to overcome their academic difficulties. It implies to change school organiza tion and teachersâ tasks. But what are the repercussions of this new program? No assessment scale being available, this research deals with referencing model so as to set the limits and then describe what the new teaching program is like. Consequences will be considered when this new approach is at work as well as when pupils are back to their classroom. Our survey was conducted in four teacher-training schools among involved people i.e. teachers, parents and pupils. We asked them to talk about the way the new teaching program works, makes pupils evolve and makes everyone change their mind as far as handling academic difficulties is concerned. Results indicate positive effects concerning school performances and school behaviors.No inĂcio do ano escolar de 2008, foi implementado em França um novo dispositivo, a ajuda personalizada ao aluno (APA), no sentido de permitir um melhor apoio Ă s dificuldades dos alunos do ensino bĂĄsico. trata-se de um dispositivo que implica uma transformação dos ritmos escolares e das missĂ”es dos professores. Surgiram numerosas reaçÔes crĂticas, mas quais sĂŁo as repercussĂ”es da implementação deste dispositivo? NĂŁo havendo modelo de avaliação, a autora optou nesta investigação por uma referencialização como forma de balizar as fronteiras e de dar uma imagem do dispositivo estudado. A autora escolheu tratar os efeitos da APA quer sob o plano deste tempo particular, quer sob o plano do retorno Ă sala de aula. Foi aplicado um questionĂĄrio em quatro escolas junto dos atores implicados (professores, pais e alunos), os quais foram questionados sobre vĂĄrios aspetos, nomeadamente sobre as modalidades de funcionamento das APA, sobre as mudanças observadas nos alunos e sobre o papel de um tal dispositivo na evolução do olhar sobre a gestĂŁo das dificuldades escolares. Os resultados mostram a existĂȘncia de efeitos positivos nos planos escolar, metodolĂłgico e comportamental
Le Conseiller Principal dâEducation : vers la (re)conquĂȘte dâune profession ?
Le CPE dans un Ă©tablissement scolaire peut encore souffrir aujourdâhui dâune image centrĂ©e sur la discipline, le respect des rĂšgles et de lâordre malgrĂ© une transformation de leur statut depuis une vingtaine dâannĂ©es. Les enquĂȘtes dâidentitĂ© montrent par ailleurs un cloisonnement des corps enseignants dâun cĂŽtĂ© et CPE de lâautre mĂȘme si des caractĂ©ristiques individuelles ou contextuelles peuvent influencer la posture de cet acteur. La question Ă se poser alors est comment dĂ©passer cette vision de ce mĂ©tier. Ainsi, en nous rĂ©fĂ©rant aux travaux en sociologie de lâĂ©ducation et Ă ceux sur lâanalyse des pratiques, nous allons tenter de comprendre comment les CPE peuvent construire leur expertise et leur identitĂ©Â ; ou autrement dit, comment parvenir Ă la professionnalisation de ce mĂ©tier ? Nous chercherons Ă montrer quâil sâagit de dĂ©finir et dĂ©velopper des compĂ©tences professionnelles non pas uniquement en sâappuyant sur lâexpĂ©rience mais aussi en se donnant une dĂ©marche mĂ©thodique, rĂ©guliĂšre, instrumentĂ©e et porteuse dâeffets. Câest pourquoi, dans un Ă©tablissement scolaire, considĂ©rĂ© comme une  organisation Ă©ducative ou un systĂšme apprenant, il semble important de repĂ©rer les donnĂ©es quantitatives et qualitatives dans un premier temps afin de dresser des diagnostics sur les fonctionnements et dysfonctionnements ainsi que les invariants qui caractĂ©risent la notion dâaction ou dâactivitĂ©s. Mais ce travail ne suffit pas ; il est ensuite nĂ©cessaire dâanalyser ce corpus de donnĂ©es et de choisir les plus pertinentes afin, non seulement, dâamĂ©liorer sa pratique mais aussi de construire une vie scolaire efficace.The Principal Education Advisor in a school is still associated with discipline and respect for rules and order, despite a transformation in his role in the last twenty years. Besides, identity studies show segregation between teachers and administrators even if individual or contextual characteristics influence the principal education advisorâs role. The question to ask is how to get past this way of looking at their profession. So, considering sociological insight into education and educational practice, we are to attempt understand how this character can built up his expertise and identity; or in other words how to be professional in education. Weâll seek to show that it is a matter of defining and developing skills not just by relying on experience but also by taking a methodological, consistent, instrumental and effective approach. Thatâs why, in a school, which is considered to be an education instrument or a centre of knowledge, it seems important first to recognise quantitative and qualitative data so as to check which systems work and which donât, as well as to study the constants representative of action or activities. But this work is not enough; one must then analyse this information on a whole and choose the most pertinent not only to improve the role of the principal education advisor but also to make for a more efficient academic atmosphere as it should be
SchĂŒlereinbeziehung in Grundschulunterricht Klassen: Kann die formative Evaluierung es erlauben, sich fortzubilden?
Ce travail sâinscrit dans le champ des recherches concernant les pratiques inclusives en milieu scolaire ordinaire dans lâenseignement primaire. En France, le systĂšme Ă©ducatif propose de scolariser les Ă©lĂšves Ă besoins Ă©ducatifs particuliers soit en classe ordinaire, soit en classe spĂ©cialisĂ©e, bien que les gouvernements valorisent lâaccueil en milieu ordinaire depuis la loi de 2005. Or, ceci questionne les pratiques des acteurs de lâĂ©cole sur la prise en charge de ces Ă©lĂšves. Partant des travaux montrant que les enseignants utilisant lâĂ©valuation formative gĂšrent mieux la diversitĂ© des Ă©lĂšves, nous Ă©tudions ici dans quelle mesure cette fonction de lâĂ©valuation aiderait les Ă©lĂšves prĂ©sentant des besoins Ă©ducatifs particuliers Ă acquĂ©rir des connaissances grĂące aux feedbacks Ă©mis lors dâĂ©valuations orales et de corrections collectives. Lâanalyse des donnĂ©es recueillies Ă lâaide dâentretiensavec des enseignants et dâobservations dâĂ©lĂšves fait ressortir les attitudes des acteurs, les interactions et les rĂ©gulations. (DIPF/Orig.)Diese Arbeit hat mit dem Forschungsbereich zu tun, der die inklusiven Praktiken im normalen Schulmilieu in Klassen der Grundschule betrifft. In Frankreich haben wir ein Bildungssystem, das den SchĂŒlerinnen und SchĂŒlern mit spezifischen BildungsbedĂŒrfnissen zwei Optionen anbietet: Orientierung zum normalen Unterricht oder Orientierung zum spezialisierten Unterricht. Seit 2005 haben die sukzessiven Regierungen die Orientierung zum normalen Unterricht empfohlen â und das stellt die Praktiken der Schulakteure in Frage, die fĂŒr diese SchĂŒler verantwortlich sind. Manche Arbeiten zeigen, dass die Lehrpersonen, die mit der SchĂŒlerdiversitĂ€t am besten umgehen können, diejenigen sind, die die formative Evaluation benutzen. Hier werden wir uns auf diese Arbeiten stĂŒtzen und wir werden studieren, wie diese formative Evaluierung die SchĂŒler helfen könnte, damit sie neue Kenntnisse und Kompetenzen erlangen. (DIPF/Orig.
« Devoirs faits » : quand le sentiment dâefficacitĂ© personnelle (SEP) des collĂ©giens est favorisĂ© par les conditions de travail
Dans les annĂ©es 70, les collĂšges français font face Ă une massification de lâenseignement et accueillent des Ă©lĂšves prĂ©sentant des difficultĂ©s diverses, entraĂźnant une faible rĂ©ussite. Si celle-ci est liĂ©e au travail rĂ©alisĂ© en classe, elle dĂ©pend aussi du travail personnel fourni par lâĂ©lĂšve via les devoirs. Or, ces derniers Ă©tant source dâinĂ©galitĂ©s, le ministĂšre de lâĂducation nationale propose le dispositif « Devoirs faits ». Notre objectif est de connaĂźtre les effets de ce dernier sur le sentiment dâefficacitĂ© personnelle des collĂ©giens. Comment, dans cet environnement, les Ă©lĂšves prennent-ils conscience de leurs compĂ©tences, de leur capacitĂ© Ă rĂ©aliser une tĂąche et ont-ils le sentiment de progresser? MĂ©thodologiquement, nous avons menĂ© un travail dâenquĂȘte auprĂšs de 75 Ă©lĂšves. Nos rĂ©sultats montrent quâils donnent du sens Ă leur travail et gagnent en autonomie. Par ailleurs, ils ont davantage confiance en eux et estiment avoir progressĂ© sur des apprentissages cognitifs ou mĂ©thodologiques.In the 1970âs, French secondary schools were facing an increase of education and were welcoming students with various difficulties, resulting in poor success. If this success is linked to the work done in class, it also depends on the personal work done by the student through homework. Since homework is a source of inequality, the French Ministry of Education proposes the «Homework done» scheme. Our objective is to know the effects of this program on the feeling of personal efficiency of the students. How, in this environment, do students become aware of their skills, of their ability to complete a task and do they feel they are progressing? Methodologically, we conducted a survey of 75 students. Our results show that they give meaning to their work and gain in autonomy. Moreover, they have more self-confidence and feel that they have made progress in cognitive and methodological learning
Les CPE, entre pratiques et pragmatique
Le but de cet article est dâĂ©tudier comment les CPE agissent en fonction de la maniĂšre dont ils interprĂštent les attentes formulĂ©es envers ce mĂ©tier. Ces attentes pouvant ĂȘtre issues non seulement des textes officiels mais aussi des acteurs. Nous cherchons alors Ă saisir si ces attentes formulĂ©es sont atteintes par les CPE, dans quels cas ?, dans quels contextes ?, comment et pourquoi les CPE sâen approchent, sâen Ă©loignent ?. En analysant les donnĂ©es produites au moyen de questionnaires et dâentretiens menĂ©s auprĂšs des acteurs (chefs dâĂ©tablissement, professeurs, Ă©lĂšves et CPE) sur le rĂŽle des CPE dans les Ă©tablissements scolaires, nous tenterons de mettre Ă jour les Ă©ventuels Ă©carts entre les attentes envers ce mĂ©tier et la dĂ©finition quâils en donnent, dâune part et leurs pratiques, dâautre part. Puis nous essayerons de comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles il existe des diffĂ©rences.This article aims at studying how supervisors act according to the way they interpret expectations towards this function, expectations coming either from official texts or school members. We want to discover if they are reached, when ?  where ? and why they may differ ? Then, the analysis of data collected thanks to interviews and questionnaires given to teachers, headteachers, pupils and supervisors may help us to show the gap between this job and their conception in one hand and their practices, in the other hand. To conclude, we intend to understand these differences
Le dispositif de remédiation et de lutte contre le décrochage scolaire : ou comment repérer et accompagner le lycéen dans son parcours scolaire?
La question du dĂ©crochage scolaire est devenue non seulement un objet de recherche scientifique mais aussi une prĂ©occupation politique et sociale. Ainsi, des plans dâactions gouvernementaux accompagnĂ©s de dispositifs se dĂ©veloppent dans les Ă©tablissements scolaires. Prenant appui sur lâexpĂ©rience menĂ©e dans une citĂ© scolaire, nous Ă©tudions en quoi le « dispositif de remĂ©diation et de tutorat », destinĂ© aux lycĂ©ens en difficultĂ© Ă risque de dĂ©crochage, peut changer leur rapport Ă lâĂ©cole et permettre leur raccrochage. Nous situant dans une approche comprĂ©hensive, nous considĂ©rons les Ă©lĂšves comme des informateurs capables de relater leur pratique et dây rĂ©flĂ©chir; huit Ă©lĂšves sont interrogĂ©s par entretien. Nos rĂ©sultats montrent quâils ont progressĂ© scolairement et mĂ©thodologiquement, rĂ©intĂ©grĂ© leur lycĂ©e et dĂ©veloppĂ© la confiance en eux.School dropout has become not just a topic of academic research, but a political and social issue. Government action plans and associated programs are being developed in schools. Based on a study conducted in a school community, this article examines the impact of a âremedial and tutoring support programâ on secondary school students at risk of dropout, and how it changed their relationship toâand helped them stay inâschool. Interviews were conducted with eight students as part of a comprehensive approach in which students were considered capable of reflecting on and sharing their experiences. The findings reveal that they progressed from an academic and methodological standpoint, returned to school, and developed their self-confidence.El tema del abandono escolar se ha convertido no solo en un objeto de investigaciĂłn cientĂfica, sino tambiĂ©n en una preocupaciĂłn polĂtica y social. AsĂ, planes de acciĂłn gubernamentales acompañados de dispositivos se desarrollan en los establecimientos escolares. A partir de la experiencia realizada en una comunidad escolar, estudiamos en quĂ© el âdispositivo de remediaciĂłn y tutorĂaâ, destinado a los alumnos de secundaria en dificultad y riesgo de deserciĂłn, puede cambiar su relaciĂłn con la escuela y permitirles no desertar de ella. A partir de un enfoque comprensivo, consideramos a los alumnos como informantes capaces de relatar su prĂĄctica y reflexionar sobre ella; ocho alumnos son entrevistados. Nuestros resultados muestran que progresaron acadĂ©mica y metodolĂłgicamente, reintegraron el colegio y desarrollaron la confianza en sĂ mismos
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