1,879 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
An evaluation of the Amblyopia and Strabismus Questionnaire using Rasch analysis
noPURPOSE. To evaluate whether the Amblyopia and Strabismus Questionnaire (A&SQ) is a suitable instrument for the assessment of vision-related quality-of life (VR-QoL) in individuals with strabismus and/or amblyopia.
METHODS. The A&SQ was completed by 102 individuals, all of whom had amblyopia, strabismus, or both. Rasch analysis was used to evaluate the usefulness of individual questionnaire items (i.e., questions); the response-scale performance; how well the items targeted VR-QoL; whether individual items showed response bias, depending on factors such as whether strabismus was present; and dimensionality.
RESULTS. Items relating to concerns about the appearance of the eyes were applicable only to those with strabismus, and many items showed large ceiling effects. The response scale showed disordered responses and underused response options, which improved after the number of response options was reduced from five to three. This change improved the discriminative ability of the questionnaire (person separation index increased from 1.98 to 2.11). Significant bias was found between strabismic and nonstrabismic respondents. Separate Rasch analyses conducted for subjects with and without strabismus indicated that all A&SQ items seemed appropriate for individuals with strabismus (Rasch infit values between 0.60 and 1.40), but several items fitted the model poorly in amblyopes without strabismus. The AS&Q was not found to be unidimensional.
CONCLUSIONS. The findings highlight the limitations of the A&SQ instrument in the assessment of VR-QoL in subjects with strabismus and especially in those with amblyopia alone. The results suggest that separate instruments are needed to quantify VR-QoL in amblyopes with and without strabismus
The Sensitivity of Language Models and Humans to Winograd Schema Perturbations
Large-scale pretrained language models are the major driving force behind
recent improvements in performance on the Winograd Schema Challenge, a widely
employed test of common sense reasoning ability. We show, however, with a new
diagnostic dataset, that these models are sensitive to linguistic perturbations
of the Winograd examples that minimally affect human understanding. Our results
highlight interesting differences between humans and language models: language
models are more sensitive to number or gender alternations and synonym
replacements than humans, and humans are more stable and consistent in their
predictions, maintain a much higher absolute performance, and perform better on
non-associative instances than associative ones. Overall, humans are correct
more often than out-of-the-box models, and the models are sometimes right for
the wrong reasons. Finally, we show that fine-tuning on a large, task-specific
dataset can offer a solution to these issues.Comment: ACL 202
On the stable discretization of strongly anisotropic phase field models with applications to crystal growth
We introduce unconditionally stable finite element approximations for
anisotropic Allen--Cahn and Cahn--Hilliard equations. These equations
frequently feature in phase field models that appear in materials science. On
introducing the novel fully practical finite element approximations we prove
their stability and demonstrate their applicability with some numerical
results.
We dedicate this article to the memory of our colleague and friend Christof
Eck (1968--2011) in recognition of his fundamental contributions to phase field
models.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figure
Convergence of a fully discrete finite element method for a degenerate parabolic system modelling nematic liquid crystals with variable degree of orientation
Published versio
Current Indications for the Use of The Artificial Genitourinary Sphincter and Management of It's Complications
Finite element methods for surface PDEs
In this article we consider finite element methods for approximating the solution of partial differential equations on surfaces. We focus on surface finite elements on triangulated surfaces, implicit surface methods using level set descriptions of the surface, unfitted finite element methods and diffuse interface methods. In order to formulate the methods we present the necessary geometric analysis and, in the context of evolving surfaces, the necessary transport formulae. A wide variety of equations and applications are covered. Some ideas of the numerical analysis are presented along with illustrative numerical examples
Aspherical gravitational monopoles
We show how to construct non-spherically-symmetric extended bodies of uniform
density behaving exactly as pointlike masses. These ``gravitational monopoles''
have the following equivalent properties: (i) they generate, outside them, a
spherically-symmetric gravitational potential ; (ii) their
interaction energy with an external gravitational potential is ; and (iii) all their multipole moments (of order ) with
respect to their center of mass vanish identically. The method applies for
any number of space dimensions. The free parameters entering the construction
are: (1) an arbitrary surface bounding a connected open subset
of ; (2) the arbitrary choice of the center of mass within
; and (3) the total volume of the body. An extension of the method
allows one to construct homogeneous bodies which are gravitationally equivalent
(in the sense of having exactly the same multipole moments) to any given body.Comment: 55 pages, Latex , submitted to Nucl.Phys.
Modeling Pauli measurements on graph states with nearest-neighbor classical communication
We propose a communication-assisted local-hidden-variable model that yields
the correct outcome for the measurement of any product of Pauli operators on an
arbitrary graph state, i.e., that yields the correct global correlation among
the individual measurements in the Pauli product. Within this model,
communication is restricted to a single round of message passing between
adjacent nodes of the graph. We show that any model sharing some general
properties with our own is incapable, for at least some graph states, of
reproducing the expected correlations among all subsets of the individual
measurements. The ability to reproduce all such correlations is found to depend
on both the communication distance and the symmetries of the communication
protocol.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures. Version 2 significantly revised. Now includes a
site-invariant protocol for linear chains and a proof that no limited
communication protocol can correctly predict all quantum correlations for
ring
The PAAFID project:exploring the perspectives of autism in adult females among intellectual disability healthcare professionals
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the perspectives of healthcare professionals on autism in adult females with intellectual disability (ID), including regarding the gender ratio of autism, the clinical manifestation of autism in females, and the recognition, screening and diagnosis of autism. Design/methodology/approach: The questionnaire was developed following a review of the relevant literature and distributed to professionals within three healthcare trusts as well as members of two clinical research groups. The questionnaire was completed by 80 ID healthcare professionals. Data were aggregated and analysed using Microsoft Excel. Findings: ID healthcare professionals had a lack of recognition of the smaller gender ratio of autism in patients with ID as compared to those without ID. Most respondents reported believing that autism manifests differently in females; with women demonstrating a greater ability to mask their symptoms. A considerable proportion of participants reported feeling less confident in recognising, screening and diagnosing autism in female patients, with many endorsing a wish for additional training in this area. Practical implications: These findings suggest that ID healthcare professionals are keen to improve their skills in providing services for women with autism. Training programmes at all levels should incorporate the specific needs of women with ASD, and individual professionals and services should actively seek to address these training needs in order to promote best practice and better outcomes for women with autism. Originality/value: This is the first published questionnaire exploring the perspectives of healthcare professionals regarding autism in adult females with ID
- …